【考研类试卷】中国科学院考博英语真题2013年10月及答案解析.doc

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1、中国科学院考博英语真题 2013 年 10 月及答案解析(总分：130.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Abruptly the ground fell away from our feet, and an _ void opened before us.（分数：0.50）A.anxiousB.audibleC.awesomeD.amiable2.Autobiographical advertising can _ consumers“ past memories about the product or brand.（分数：

2、0.50）A.exaggerateB.excavateC.extractD.evoke3.Many animals are on the _ of disappearing from the face of the earth and zoos can provide them with a safe place to live and breed.（分数：0.50）A.rangeB.vergeC.partD.link4.If costs continue to _, the state will not be able to afford this scheme for long, and

3、it will become unpopular.（分数：0.50）A.soarB.shootC.swingD.settle5.There“s a _ in the fact that although we“re living longer than ever before, people are more obsessed with health issues than they ever were.（分数：0.50）A.paradoxB.dilemmaC.polarityD.misconception6._ Mr. Hall admits that he pushed too hard,

4、 and ultimately his efforts failed.（分数：0.50）A.In essenceB.In due courseC.on averageD.In retrospect7.A taxicab and a laundry truck missed each other by inches on Sixth Avenue, stopping in such a position that each _ the other“s progress.（分数：0.50）A.imploredB.implementedC.impededD.imparted8.In her new

5、novel Annabel, reviewed this week in the magazine, Kathleen Winter _ the nature-nurture divide.（分数：0.50）A.outgrowsB.exploresC.perceivesD.contends9.They drifted on the lake, fishing and catching shrimp to _.（分数：0.50）A.get byB.get overC.get alongD.get across10.In some California housing estates, a key

6、 alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voiceprint must also be _.（分数：0.50）A.duplicatedB.perceivedC.acquiredD.verified11.France will lower its tax rate on food and drinks at restaurants in hopes of _ tourists and locals to struggling cafes, which means a saving of $7.05 on a $5

7、0 meal.（分数：0.50）A.usheringB.initiatingC.luringD.trapping12.In a global economy that has produced more dramatic ups and downs than anyone thought possible, Asia may be _ another disheartening plunge.（分数：0.50）A.taking inB.heading forC.longing forD.spreading out13.In the 1970s, he became a tireless pro

8、moter for the drug as a cure for depressionwhich he once suffered fromand other _.（分数：0.50）A.ailmentsB.therapiesC.tollsD.addictions14.Hearing the news, she could feel anger _ inside her.（分数：0.50）A.stumblingB.staggeringC.twistingD.surging15.Many advertisers remain _ of the Internet and question how h

9、eavily to rely on it.（分数：0.50）A.inconsistentB.supportiveC.skepticalD.prospective16.If the expert advice is more positive, will the parents be able to _ attitudes which have built up over decades in a few days?（分数：0.50）A.approve ofB.shrug offC.show offD.pickup17.It will be very helpful if parents hav

10、e seen the school environment and know what kind of tasks the school will _ on the daily life of their child.（分数：0.50）A.composeB.imposeC.disposeD.expose18.The author skillfully fuses these fragments into a _ whole.（分数：0.50）A.congestiveB.corporateC.collaborativeD.cohesive19._ his seeming rebellion ag

11、ainst middle-class values, he remains essentially middle-class.（分数：0.50）A.Instead ofB.As forC.For allD.But for20.It“s very difficult to _ the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language.（分数：0.50）A.exchangeB.transferC.convertD.convey二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Pain,“ as Albert Schweitzer once sa

12、id, “is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself.“ Prolonged pain destroys the quality of life. It can 1 the will to live, at times 2 people to suicide. The physical effects are equally 3 . Severe, persistent pain can spoil sleep and appetite, 4 producing fatigue and reducing the avail

13、ability of nutrients to organs. It may 5 delay recovery from illness or injury and, in weakened or elderly patients, may make the difference between life and death. 6 , there are some kinds of pain that existing treatments cannot ease. 7 doctors can do little in these cases is terribly distressing f

14、or everyone involved but is certainly 8 . What seems less understandable is that many people suffer not because their discomfort is untreatable but because physicians are often reluctant to 9 morphine. Morphine is the safest, most effective painkiller known for constant, severe pain, but it is also

15、10 for some people. 11 , it is rarely prescribed. Indeed, concern over addiction has 12 many nations in Europe and elsewhere to ban 13 any uses of morphine anti related substances, including their medical applications. Even 14 morphine is a legal medical therapy, as it is in Great Britain and the U.

16、S., many doctors, afraid of turning patients into addicts, 15 amounts that are too small to control pain.（分数：15.00）A.boostB.erodeC.wearD.distractA.drivingB.driveC.drivesD.drivenA.compoundB.comprehensibleC.exhaustiveD.profoundA.withB.wherebyC.therebyD.asA.thusB.thoughC.alongD.insteadA.FortunatelyB.Sa

17、dlyC.NotablyD.PromptlyA.ThoughB.WhichC.ThatD.WhileA.understandableB.shamefulC.worryingD.puzzlingA.promoteB.produceC.prescribeD.presentA.strongB.costlyC.ineffectiveD.addictiveA.ConsequentlyB.ConclusivelyC.HoweverD.MeanwhileA.urgedB.enhancedC.ledD.stimulatedA.presentlyB.virtuallyC.decisivelyD.promptly

18、A.whenB.thoughC.whichD.whereA.administeringB.administerC.administeredD.to administer三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Germany, Europe“s economic powerhouse, does not lack courage: it rebounded from two world wars, digested reunification and has n

19、ow powered ahead of neighbors still reeling from the financial crisis. It overhauled a rigid labor market and raised the retirement age to 67 with little fuss. Most recently, it simply decided to abandon nuclear power. With this boldness at the top comes obedience at the bottom82 million Germans wil

20、l wait at a pedestrian red light, even with no car in sight. But when it comes to empowering women, no Teutonic drive or respect seems to workeven under one of the world“s most powerful women, Chancellor Angela Merkel. Despite a batch of government measures and ever more passionate debate about gend

21、er roles, only about 14 percent of German mothers with one child resume full-time work, and only 6 percent of those with two. All 30 German stock index companies are run by men. Nationwide, a single woman presides on a supervisory board: Dr. Simone Bagel-Trah at Henkel. Eighteen months after the Int

22、ernational Herald Tribune launched a series on the state of women in the 21st century with a look at Germany, the country has emerged as a test case for the push-and-pull of economics and tradition. For the developed world, Germany“s situation suggests that puzzling out how to remove enduring barrie

23、rs to women“s further progress is one of the hardest questions to solve. In all European countries, from the traditionally macho southern rim to more egalitarian Nordic nations, the availability and affordability of child care, intertwined with traditional ideas about gender roles, have proved key f

24、actors in determining gender equality. The nature of male networks is another telling factor. Women remain a striking minority in top corporate circles, even in fiercely egalitarian countries like Sweden or the US where opportunities often go with one“s abilities. Very few countries approach 20 perc

25、ent female representation on corporate executive boards. Yet if Swedish executive suites boast 17 percent women and the United States and Britain 14 Percent, in Germany it is 2 percentas in India, according to McKinsey“s 2010 Women Matter report. One of the countries in most need of female talentGer

26、man birthrate is among the lowest in Europe and labor shortages in skilled technical professions are already 150,000Germany is a place where gender stereotypes remain engrained in the mind, and in key institutions across society.（分数：12.00）(1).The first two paragraphs describe _.（分数：2.00）A.practical

27、German leadership in various fieldsB.retired German workers“ livesC.a successful Germany since World War D.a German style of dealing with crises(2).According to the author, under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel _.（分数：2.00）A.females must have been allowed to take some full-time jobsB.women

28、 might have been supported to become strongerC.discussions should have been held about women“s importanceD.women should have become more powerful than they are now(3).The author mentions Dr. Simone Bagel-Trah in order to show _.（分数：2.00）A.the potential for females to become top executivesB.the scarc

29、ity of female CEOs in the countryC.the inferiority of female CEOs to male onesD.the strength of a company led by a female(4).The phrase “the push-and-pull of economics and tradition“ (in Paragraph 5) refers to the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.economic progress needs efforts by both gendersB.traditional ge

30、nder roles remain in modern societyC.economic needs conflict with traditional mindsetsD.traditional gender bias makes an economy even worse(5).Which of the following situations forms a barrier to European women“s progress?（分数：2.00）A.A woman may feel very proud with all her colleagues being maleB.A b

31、abysitter may find it very hard to make the hostess satisfiedC.Men“s friendship is thought to be much stronger than women“sD.Women are deemed more capable than men only at home(6).By writing this passage, the author aims to suggest that in Germany the improvement of women“s social roles is _.（分数：2.0

32、0）A.essentialB.debatableC.hopelessD.formidable六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Lately I got a chance to read People magazine“s most recent compilation of “The 50 Most Beautiful People in the World.“ It was fabulous. In addition to offering helpful grooming tips, the issue involves an attempt to answer one

33、 of the most difficult questions of our time: Which is ultimately more influential, nature or nurture? Consider first the extreme nurturists, who abstain from the notion that anything is biologically fixed. There“s John Watson, famous for the statement: “Give me a child and let me control the total

34、environment in which he is raised, and I will turn him into whatever I wish.“ A nurture viewpoint is also advanced by TV star Jenna Elfman, who attributes her beauty to drinking 100 ounces of water a day, and using a moisturizer that costs $1,000 a pound. However, even a beginner in the study of hum

35、an developmental biology might easily note that no degree of expensive moisturizers would get, say, me on People“s beauty list. Naturally, similarly strong opinions come from the opposing, nature factionthe genetic determinists among the Most Beautiful. Perhaps the cockiest of this school is Josh Br

36、olin, an actor whose statement could readily serve as a manifesto for those in his profession: “I was given my dad“s good genes.“ One searches the pages for a middle ground, for the interdisciplinary synthesizer who perceives the contributions of both nature and nurture. At last, we find Monica, a s

37、inger, who has an absolutely wondrous skill for applying makeup. This, at first, seems like just more nurture propaganda. But where does she get this cosmetic aptitude? Her mother supplies the answer: it“s something that“s inborn. One gasps at the insight: There is a genetic influence on how one int

38、eracts with the environment. Too bad a few more people can“t think this way when figuring out what genes have to do with intelligence, substance abuse, or violence. In matters of human beauty, hardwired preferences matter but can be overcome. Novelist George Eliot was strikingly homely, but her magn

39、etic character inspired Henry James to write in a letter: “She is magnificently uglydeliciously hideous. She has a dull grey eye, a vast pendulous nose, a huge mouth, and full of uneven teeth. Now in this vast ugliness resides a most powerful beauty which, in a very few minutes, steals forth and cha

40、rms the mind, so that you end as I ended, in falling in love with her.“（分数：12.00）(1).The article suggests that People magazine regularly _.（分数：2.00）A.provides a list of the most beautiful people in the worldB.gives advice about how to look like international beautiesC.provides guidance on answering

41、complex questionsD.offers help in dealing with marriage or family problems(2).What John Watson said can best be interpreted as _.（分数：2.00）A.parents“ oversight guides a child“s growthB.one“s upbringing determines what they becomeC.a change of environment affects one“s healthD.child-raising is by no m

42、eans easy(3).According to Paragraph 3, the author believes _.（分数：2.00）A.one can get prettier if drinking enough water every dayB.Jenna Elfman“s experience is worth publicizingC.the secrets of beauty are found in human biologyD.beauty must depend on more than one or two factors(4).According to the au

43、thor, Josh Brolin“s statement shows that the actor is _.（分数：2.00）A.over-charmingB.over-assertiveC.over-confidentD.over-sensitive(5).As an example in favor of both nature and nurture, the author feels that Monica“s mother is rather _.（分数：2.00）A.insightfulB.absurdC.justifiableD.irrelevant(6).As he wro

44、te, Henry James fell in love with George Eliot because of _.（分数：2.00）A.her unique uglinessB.her attractive characterC.her masculine beautyD.her skillful writing七、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：12.00)All countries have obvious incentives to learn from past mistakes, but those that have successfully risen to the

45、status of great powers may be less inclined to adapt quickly in the future. When it comes to learning the right lessons, paradoxically, nothing fails like prior success. This wouldn“t seem to make sense. After all, strong and wealthy states can afford to devote a lot of resources to analyzing import

46、ant foreign-policy problems. But then again, when states are really powerful, the negative consequences of foolish behavior rarely prove fatal. Just as America“s “Big Three“ automakers were so large and dominant they could resist reform and innovation despite ample signs that foreign competition was

47、 rapidly overtaking them, strong and wealthy states can keep misguided policies in place and still manage to limp along for many years. The history of the Soviet Union offers an apt example of this phenomenon. Soviet-style communism was woefully inefficient and brutally inhumane, and its Marxist-Len

48、inist ideology both alarmed the capitalist world and created bitter splits within the international communist movement. Yet the Soviet Union survived for almost 70 years and was one of the world“s two superpowers for more than four decades. The United States has also suffered serious self-inflicted

49、wounds on the foreign-policy front in recent decades, but the consequences have not been so severe as to compel a broader reassessment of the ideas and strategies that have underpinned many of these mistakes. The tendency to cling to questionable ideas or failed practices will be particularly strong when a set of policy initiatives is bound up in a great power“s ruling ideology or political culture. Soviet leaders could never