ASME Y14 42-2002 Digital Approval Systems《数字认可体系》.pdf

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1、DIGITAL APPROVALSYSTEMSASME Y14.42-2002An American National StandardEngineering Drawing and RelatedDocumentation PracticesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDIGITAL APPROVALSYSTEMSASME Y14.42-2002Date of Issuance: April 11, 2003This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new

2、edition. There willbe no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for America

3、n NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportu

4、nity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in co

5、nnection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of a

6、ny such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsi

7、bility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without t

8、he prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2003 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivStandards Committee Roster . v1 General 11.1 Scope .

9、11.2 References. 11.3 Definitions 12 Requirements . 12.1 Approval Indicator 12.2 Authentication and Verification of Approval Indicators . 22.3 Security . 22.4 Revisions 3iiiFOREWORDSince the first national standard for engineering drawings, Standards for Cross-Sections,was published by ASME in 1914,

10、 the field of engineering documentation has steadily becomeincreasingly versatile and sophisticated. Digital approval systems are now part of the new worldof engineering documents that includes the use of computers and digital modeling applicationsand techniques. This is the first standard on digita

11、l approval systems for engineering documen-tation.The U.S. government and industry are encouraging the active development and use of toolsto facilitate electronic commerce, of which a digital approval system is one. In the early 1990s,work on MIL-STD-100 revealed an increasing need to the engineerin

12、g community for electronicapproval systems. To address this need, a proposal was made to the ASME Y14 Main Committeeto define the minimum requirements for a digital approval system. After investigating the needfor such a standard, ASME Y14 Subcommittee 42 was established in December, 1998. This Stan

13、dardis the result of their effort.During this effort, various documents and standards were reviewed e.g., Federal InformationProcessing Standards (FIPS), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, andother published standards, both government and industry for technical content a

14、nd applicability.Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to: TheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, Attention: Secretary, Y14 Main Committee, ThreePark Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November

15、20, 2002.ivASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE Y14Engineering Drawing and Related DocumentationPractices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)OFFICERSF. Bakos, ChairK. E. Wiegandt, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretaryCOMMITTEE PERSONNELA. R. Anderson, Dimensional C

16、ontrol System, Inc.J. B. Baker, ConsultantF. Bakos, ConsultantJ. V. Burleigh, The Boeing Co.R. A. Chadderdon, Southwest ConsultantsM. E. Curtis, Jr., Rexnord Corp.D. E. Day, Monroe Community CollegeB. Dinardo, U.S. Department of the Army, ARDECC. W. Ferguson, WM Education ServicesL. W. Foster, L. W.

17、 Foster Associates, Inc.C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersB. A. Harding, Purdue UniversityK. S. King, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren DivisionA. Krulikowski, General Motors PowertrainH. S. Lachut, Alstom Power, Inc.P. J. McCuistion, Ohio UniversityE. Niemiec, MTD Produc

18、ts, Inc.R. L. Nieukirk, Caterpillar, Inc.K. E. Wiegandt, Sandia National LaboratoryB. A. Wilson, The Boeing Co.P. Wreede, ConsultantSUBCOMMITTEE 42 ELECTRONIC APPROVALSYSTEMSL. R. Lange, Chair, ConsultantL. G. Davis, U.S. Air ForceJ. Gagnon, Hamilton Sundstrand Corp.D. Hagler, L-3 CommunicationsL. G

19、. Hogue, Naval Air Systems CommandL. Holmes, Raytheon Co.C. Houk, Hamilton StandardJ. M. Noble, The Boeing Co.B. Pizarek, Orthopaedic Biosystems Ltd., Inc.T. T. Taylor, S.W.P.C.K. L. Walter, DKW Imaging ServicesA. J. Yablonicky, U.S. ArmyvIntentionally left blank ASME Y14.42-2002ENGINEERING DRAWING

20、AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICESDIGITAL APPROVAL SYSTEMS1 GENERAL1.1 ScopeThis Standard provides the minimum requirementsfor the development of a digital approval system forengineering documentation.1.2 ReferencesWhen the following American National Standardsreferred to in this Standard are super

21、ceded by a revisionapproved by the American National Standards Institute,Inc., the revision shall apply.ASME Y14.1, Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size andFormatASME Y14.1M, Metric Drawing Sheet Size and FormatASME Y14.35M, Revision of Engineering Drawings andAssociated DocumentsASME Y14.100, Engineerin

22、g Drawing PracticesPublisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-neers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue, NewYork, NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 LawDrive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-23001.3 Definitionsapproval indicator: any symbol adopted by the designactivity to indicate approv

23、al.associated documents: general reference to documentationsupportive of and directly related to drawing content,such as Parts Lists, Data Lists, Index Lists, Wiring Lists,and Application Lists (see ASME Y14.35M).authentication: the process of verifying the claimed iden-tity of a documents author an

24、d approver(s).biometrics: the use of biological properties to identifyindividuals, e.g., finger prints, a retina scan, voice recog-nition, etc.cryptographic key: a string of bits used widely in cryptog-raphy, to encrypt and decrypt data.digital signature: a persons signature transmitted in acoded fo

25、rm (from a computer) by discrete signal ele-ments such that the identity of the signatory and integ-rity of the data can be verified.drawing: an engineering document or digital data file(s)that discloses (directly or by reference), by means of1graphic or textural presentations, or by combinations of

26、both, the physical or functional requirements of an item(see ASME Y14.100).signature: ones name as written by oneself.2 REQUIREMENTSDigital approval systems shall provide for the admin-istration and digital application of unique approval indi-cators. These systems shall be amenable to human andmachi

27、ne-readable protocols, provide for accurate dataentry, and provide for accountability and traceability.2.1 Approval IndicatorAn approval indicator, as used in this Standard, is asymbol of personal identification with the same author-ity as a manually applied signature. It shall be unique,verifiable,

28、 applicable to, controlled and applied by anindividual, and affixed or hyperlinked to theapproved data.2.1.1 Composition of an Approval Indicator. Approvalindicators may consist of any symbol(s), letter(s), num-ber(s); grouping or combinations of symbol(s), letter(s),number(s); or a digital signatur

29、e. Standard and com-monly used machine-readable markings (e.g., 2D barcode, matrix code, etc.) may be used as approval indi-cators.Trademarks, company logos, etc., shall not be usedalone as an approval indicator. However, when com-bined with the approval indicator, such symbols provideclear associat

30、ion with a specific organization or function.2.1.2 Approval Indicators for Engineering Data. Amechanism shall be established and maintained to verifyand associate approval indicators to an individual. Uni-formity of approval indicator placement should be estab-lished by company procedures, standards

31、, or policies toenhance visibility and reduce searching.When engineering data is presented or displayed onan engineering drawing utilizing a drawing sheet formatin accordance with ASME Y14.1 or ASME Y14.1M, theapproval indicator(s) shall be affixed, or hyperlinked, inthe appropriate signature block(

32、s).When engineering data is presented or displayedwithout a drawing sheet format, the approval indicatorASME Y14.42-2002 DIGITAL APPROVAL SYSTEMSshall be affixed or hyperlinked in a manner to be readilyvisible and accessible without affecting the technicalcontents of the engineering data.2.1.3 Manua

33、l Drawings. Manually prepared andapproved drawings and associated documents may beexempt from the requirements of this Standard. Whenmanually prepared and approved drawings are con-verted to digital file formats, the use of a digital approvalindicator should be considered for future revisions.2.1.4

34、Printouts of Digital Documents. Hard copyprintouts of digital drawings shall contain dated indica-tion that the document has been approved.2.1.5 Digital Copies of Digital Documents. Whenapproval indicators reside in separate documents andare hyperlinked to the digital drawing, the approvalindicators

35、 shall be affixed to the digital copy of thedocument.2.2 Authentication and Verification of ApprovalIndicatorsAuthentication applies to the validation of theapproval indicator. Verification of an approval indicatorapplies to the validation of the approval process.2.2.1 Authentication. A system of au

36、thenticationshall be developed to ensure the accuracy of the approvalindicator. The authentication of an approval indicator isthe process that validates the unique association of theowner of the indicator to the indicator. Methods for userauthentication may be extended to provide approvalindicators

37、by combining them with cryptographic tech-niques of various kinds. Examples of technologies thathave been developed for user authentication include:password systems, cryptographic systems, and biomet-rics identification methods.2.2.2 Verification. Approval indicator verification isa process whereby

38、all users of a document are assuredthat an authentic approval indicator has been used. Ingeneral, the document, the approval indicator, and otherinformation, such as cryptographic keys or biometricstemplates, may be used.2.3 SecurityThe digital approval system shall be protected witha security syste

39、m that protects both the system and thedata within the system from unauthorized access ormodification.2.3.1 Integrity. The digital approval system shallidentify valid approvals of the data. The approval indica-tor shall not be applied without authorization. The sys-tem shall also identify what is ap

40、proved. Alteration ofeither the approved document or the approval indicatorshould be detectable by the digital approval system.22.3.2 Non-Repudiation. The digital approval systemshall provide the necessary integrity and ability toauthenticate the signature(s) such that the signature(s)cannot be repu

41、diated. When documents are transportedto another system(s), the integrity of the document,including its contents, approval indicators, approvalindicator attributes, and document attributes, shall bemaintained.2.3.3 Authority. The system shall have a verifiableauthority to create and distribute appro

42、val indicators. Aunique authorization identity is issued to each approver.2.3.4 Protecting Approval Indicator Information. Pro-tection and control of approval indicator information,and the media or device in which it is contained, shallbe a key ingredient of the systems security.2.3.4.1 Active Docum

43、ents. Approval indicatorinformation shall be maintained current, accessible, andfully functional as long as the document to which it isapplied is considered active. This also applies whenmedia or device systems protocols migrate (i.e., as sys-tems update or change).2.3.4.2 Inactive Documents. Approv

44、al indicatorinformation that has been applied to documents nolonger active should be fully accessible. Migration ofactive media or device systems should retain the capa-bility to recognize and validate approval indicator infor-mation applied to archived documents. This may beachieved through either

45、continuous protocol updates toarchived documents or “backward compatible” capabili-ties of migrated active media or device systems.2.3.5 User Authentication With Passwords. For thepurposes of this Standard, when a password system isused, the user shall control the password.2.3.5.1 Password Over a Ne

46、twork. When a pass-word is communicated over a network, the passwordshall be encrypted or physical appliances used, or both,to prevent unauthorized interception.2.3.5.2 Password Criteria. Systems using pass-words shall establish criteria that will ensure securityof the system and its data. The follo

47、wing factors shouldbe considered:(a) the range of values from which each character ofthe password may be chosen;(b) the total number of characters that make up thepassword;(c) password duration for specific time intervals;(d) limitations on use of previous passwords; and(e) storage of passwords for

48、use in the authenticationprocess.DIGITAL APPROVAL SYSTEMS ASME Y14.42-20022.3.5.3 Password Generation. The password gener-ation system has a major impact on the security of thatsystem. When passwords are automatically generated,care shall be taken for secure distribution to users. Usersshall have th

49、e ability to change passwords themselves,or have a means of requesting a new password.32.4 RevisionsRevisions to drawings and associated documentsrequire appropriate approvals and approval indicators.However, approvals applied to initial issues and previ-ous revisions shall remain in effect. Revisions are pre-pared in accordance with ASME Y14.35M.Intentionally left blank RELATED DOCUMENTSEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation PracticesDecimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format Y14.1-1995(R2002)Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format Y14.1M-1995(R2002)Line Conventions and Letterin