ASME STP-PT-023-2009 GUIDELINES FOR IN-SERVICE INSPECTION OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSELS《复合压力容器运行中检查的指南》.pdf
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1、 STP-PT-023 GUIDELINES FOR IN-SERVICE INSPECTION OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSELS Prepared by: John H. Smith Date of Issuance: February 23, 2009 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by ASME Pressure Technology Codes this is indicated on the tank marking. This marking should first be
2、 checked to ensure that such tanks are within their designated service lifetime. 7.2 Identification of External Damage The external surface should be inspected for damage to the composite. Any damage is classified into two levels of damage as shown in Section 9 of these guidelines. The acceptance/re
3、jection criteria shown in Section 10 of these guidelines should be followed, as a minimum. The external surface of the tank is subject to mechanical, thermal and environmental damage. The external surface of the tank may show damage from impact, gouging, abrasion, scratching, temperature excursions,
4、 etc. Areas of the surface that are exposed to sunlight may be degraded by ultraviolet light which results in change in the color of the surface and may make the fibers more visible. This discoloration does not indicate a loss in physical properties of the fibers. Overheating may also cause a change
5、 in color. The size (area or length and depth) and location of all external damage should be noted. Tank support structures and attachments should be examined for damage such as cracks, deformation or structural failure. 7.3 Types of External Damage 7.3.1 General Several types of damage to the exter
6、ior of composite tanks have been identified. Examples of specific type of damage are described below. The acceptance/rejection criteria for each type of damage are described in Section 10 of these guidelines. 7.3.2 Abrasion Damage Abrasion damage is caused by grinding or rubbing away of the exterior
7、 of the tank. Minor abrasion damage to the protective outer coating or paint will not reduce the structural integrity of the tank. Abrasion that results in flat spots on the surface of the tank may indicate loss of composite fiber overwrap thickness. 7.3.3 Damage from Cuts Cuts or gouges are caused
8、by contact with sharp objects in such a way as to cut into the composite overwrap, reducing its thickness at that point. 7.3.4 Impact Damage Impact damage may appear as hairline cracks in the resin, delamination or cuts of the composite fiber overwrap. 9 STP-PT-023 In-Service Inspection of Composite
9、 Pressure Vessels 7.3.5 Delamination Delamination is a separation of layers of fibers of the composite overwrap. It may also appear as a discoloration or a blister beneath the surface of the fiber. 7.3.6 Heat or Fire Damage Heat or fire damage will be evident by discoloration, charring or burning of
10、 the composite fiber overwrap, labels or paint. If the composite fiber overwrap is merely soiled by soot or other debris on the surface that can be easily removed, and the underlying fibers are intact with no evidence of charring or burning, the tank may be cleaned and returned to service. 7.3.7 Str
11、uctural Damage Structural damage will be evidenced by bulging, distortion or depressions on the surface of the tank. 7.3.8 Chemical Attack Some chemicals are known to cause damage to composite materials. Environmental exposure or direct contact with solvents, acids, bases, alcohols and general corro
12、sives can cause damage to composite tanks. Long-term contact with water can also contribute to corrosive damage. Chemicals can dissolve, corrode, remove or destroy tank materials. Chemical attack can result in a significant loss of strength in the composite material. Chemical attack can appear as di
13、scoloration and, in more extreme cases, the composite overwrap can feel soft to the touch. 10 In-Service Inspection of Composite Pressure Vessels STP-PT-023 8 PROCEDURES FOR THE INTERNAL VISUAL INSPECTION (IF NECESSARY) 8.1 Requirements for Internal Visual Inspection Internal visual inspection is no
14、rmally not required. The purpose of an internal visual inspection is to determine if corrosion has occurred on the metal liner (for tanks having a metal liner) or on the plastic liner/metal boss assembly (for fully wrapped tanks with non-metallic liners). When the tanks have been filled only with pu
15、re, dry hydrogen, corrosion of the interior of the liner should not occur. Internal visual inspection of the tanks should only be carried out when: (1) There is evidence that any commodity except pure dry hydrogen has been introduced into the tank. In particular, any evidence that water, moisture, c
16、ompressor cleaning solvents, or other corrosive agents have been introduced into the tank will require an internal visual inspection. (2) There is evidence of structural damage to the tank, such as denting or bulging. (3) The tank valve is removed for maintenance or other reason. When an internal vi
17、sual inspection is conducted, the following procedures should be followed. 8.2 Identification of Internal Damage 8.2.1 Tanks with Metallic Liners For tanks with metallic liners, the objective of the internal visual inspection is primarily to detect the presence of any corrosion or corrosion cracks.
18、The internal surface of the tank should be inspected with adequate illumination to identify any degradation or defects present. Any foreign matter or corrosion products should be removed from the interior of the tank to facilitate the inspection. If any chemical solutions are used in the interior of
19、 the tank they should be selected to ensure that they do not adversely affect the liner or composite overwrap materials. After cleaning the tank should be thoroughly dried before it is inspected. All interior surface of the tank should be inspected for any color differences, stains, wetness, roughne
20、ss, or cracks. The location of any degradation should be noted. Any tank showing significant internal corrosion, dents or cracks should be removed from service. 8.2.2 Tanks with Non-metallic Liners or No Liners Tanks with non-metallic liners may show corrosion on the plastic liner or metal boss ends
21、. Tanks with non-metallic liners or no liners may also show internal degradation in the form of cracks, pitting, exposed laminate or porosity. The internal surface of the tank should be inspected with adequate illumination to identify any degradation or defects present. Any foreign matter or corrosi
22、on products should be removed from the interior of the tank to facilitate the inspection. If any chemical solutions are used in the interior of the tank they should be selected to ensure that they do not adversely affect the liner or composite overwrap materials. After cleaning the tank should be th
23、oroughly dried before it is inspected. The inspector should look for cracks, porosity, indentations, exposed fibers, blisters and any other indication of degradation of the liner and/or laminate. Deterioration of the liner may include softening of the matrix or exposed fibers. 11 STP-PT-023 In-Servi
24、ce Inspection of Composite Pressure Vessels 9 LEVELS OF DAMAGE OR DEGRADATION Damage or degradation that is found in composite tanks can be classified according to the severity of the damage or degradation. Two general levels are used describe the severity of damage or degradation. 9.1 Acceptable Da
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