ASME PTC 34-2017 Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery《带能量回收功能的废物燃烧室》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME PTC 34-2017(Revision of ASME PTC 34-2007)Waste Combustors With Energy RecoveryPerformance Test CodesASME PTC 34-2017(Revision of ASME PTC 34-2007)Waste CombustorsWith Energy RecoveryPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 100

2、16 USADate of Issuance: March 20, 2017This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code.Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/

3、InterpsDatabase.Periodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as Cases. Cases arepublished on the ASME Web site under the PTC Committee Page at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee asthey are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pa

4、ges toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The PTC Committee Page can be found at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee. There is an option availableto automatically receive an e-m

5、ail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard

6、was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or stan

7、dard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take

8、any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a c

9、ode or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgover

10、nment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be rep

11、roduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2017 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.

12、A.CONTENTSNotice. vForeword viCommittee Roster . viiCorrespondence With the PTC Committee viiiIntroduction . xSection 1 Object and Scope . 11-1 Object . 11-2 Scope 11-3 Uncertainty 1Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms . 22-1 Definitions . 22-2 Description of Terms . 42-3 Units and Convers

13、ions . 42-4 Steam Generator Envelope . 4Section 3 Guiding Principles. 93-1 Introduction . 93-2 Planning for the Test . 93-3 Test Personnel and Responsibilities . 93-4 Test Preparation, Test Apparatus, and Plant Equipment . 103-5 Conduct of Test 103-6 Data Evaluation and Reporting . 123-7 Prior Agree

14、ments 13Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 154-1 Introduction . 154-2 Data Required . 154-3 General Measurement Requirements 154-4 Temperature Measurement . 224-5 Pressure Measurement . 234-6 Flow Measurement . 264-7 Sampling and Analysis . 30Section 5 Computation of Results 355-1 Intr

15、oduction . 355-2 Measurement Data Reduction 355-3 Output (QrO), Btu/hr (W) . 365-4 Input 375-5 Energy Balance 375-6 Efficiency 385-7 Residue Properties . 385-8 Flue Gas Products . 395-9 Combustion Air Properties . 405-10 Air and Flue Gas Temperature . 425-11 Losses . 435-12 Credits 455-13 Supplement

16、ary Fuel Input . 465-14 HHV of Waste Fuel 465-15 Sorbent and Other Additives . 465-16 Uncertainty 46iii5-17 Other Operating Parameters 495-18 Corrections to Standard or Guarantee Conditions . 495-19 Enthalpy of Air, Flue Gas, and Other Substances Commonly Required forEnergy Balance Calculations . 52

17、5-20 Acronyms . 54Section 6 Report of Results 676-1 Introduction . 676-2 Contents of Report . 67Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis. 697-1 Introduction . 697-2 Fundamental Concepts . 697-3 Pretest Uncertainty Analysis and Test Planning . 767-4 Equations and Procedures for Determining the Standard Deviati

18、on forthe Estimate of Random Error . 767-5 Equations and Guidance for Determining Systematic Uncertainty . 807-6 Uncertainty of Test Results . 85Figures2-4-1 Typical System Boundary 83-5.4-1 Repeatability of Runs 124-4.3.1-1 Sampling Grids Rectangular Ducts 244-4.3.1-2 Sampling Grids Circular Ducts

19、255-19.9-1 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Air vs. Temperature . 575-19.9-2 Mean Specific Heat of Water Vapor vs. Temperature 585-19.9-3 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Flue Gas vs. Temperature 605-19.9-4 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Residue vs. Temperature 617-2.2-1 Types of Errors in Measurements . 717-2.2-2 Tim

20、e Dependence of Errors 717-2.3-1 Constant-Value and Continuous-Variable Models . 737-5.2.1-1 Generic Calibration Curve 82Tables2-3-1 Units and Conversions . 63-5.5-1 Operating Parameter Deviations 124-2-1 Parameters Required for Input, Efficiency, and HHV Determinations 164-2-2 Parameters Required f

21、or Wet Flue Gas Flow Using Economizer HeatBalance 194-2-3 Parameters Required to Determine Corrected Flue Gas ExitTemperature . 194-3.5-1 Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainties 215-16.3-1 Two-Tailed Students t Table for the 95% Confidence Level 485-20.2-1 List of Acronyms Used . 635-20.2

22、-2 Measurement and Uncertainty Acronyms . 66Mandatory AppendixI Standard Radiation and Convection Loss Chart . 87Nonmandatory AppendicesA Sample Calculation Procedures for Waste Combustors WithEnergy Recovery 89B Sample Uncertainty Calculations . 99C Test Method for Determining Moisture, Combustible

23、 Content, andHeating Value of Residue From Municipal Solid Waste Combustors . 113D References . 115ivNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, GeneralInstructions. The following information is based on that document and is included here foremphasis and for the c

24、onvenience of the user of the Code. It is expected that the Code user isfully cognizant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying thisCode.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest levelof accuracy consistent with the best engin

25、eering knowledge and practice currently available.They were developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests and specifyprocedures,instrumentation,equipment-operatingrequirements,calculationmethods,anduncer-tainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test r

26、esults themselves, without adjustmentfor uncertainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equip-ment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify meansto compare those results to contractualguarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that before starting the test,

27、 and preferably beforesigningthecontract,thepartiestoacommercialtestagreeonthemethodtobeusedforcomparingthe test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determineor interpret how such comparisons shall be made.vFOREWORDIn 1966, the ASME Performance Test Code Comm

28、ittee recognized the need for a PerformanceTest Code for Large Incinerators. A Committee was formed in 1967 and charged with the taskof developing a comprehensive Test Code for Large Incinerators, a task to be followed by a ShortForm Test Procedure. This Committee was officially designated as PTC Co

29、mmittee 33 LargeIncinerators. At the time of its issue, PTC 33 represented the highest state of the art in incineratortesting. It was submitted to industry for trial use and comment in 1977. PTC 33 was approvedby the Performance Test Codes Supervisory Committee on June 30, 1978, and was approved asa

30、n American National Standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Board ofStandards Review on December 6, 1978.PTC 34 was formed in 1988 as a follow-up to PTC 33. PTC 33 was essentially a procedure fordetermining combustion efficiency and waste capacity and did not address units with

31、energyrecovery. At that time, it was recognized that the procedures for sampling tons of a heterogeneousmaterial were unrealistic and impractical as a key element of a waste combustion performancetest. At the urging of the ASME Research Committee on Industrial and Municipal Waste, theU.S. Bureau of

32、Standards now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)developed, over a period of about 10 years, a larger calorimeter but concluded that the largerone was not much better than the smaller one because of the sampling dilemma. This providedthe incentive to pursue the boiler-as-a-calo

33、rimeter method covered by this test Code.The 2007 edition of the Code was approved by the PTC 34 Committee on January 9, 2007, andby the Performance Test Codes Standards Committee on January 9, 2007. It was then approvedand adopted by the Council as a Standard practice of the Society by action of th

34、e Board onStandardization and Testing on February 20, 2007. It was approved by ANSI as an AmericanNational Standard on April 12, 2007.This updateof PTC34 doesnot includeany significantphilosophical orcomputational changes.It is more a clarification (i.e., we fixed typographical errors) of previously

35、 established procedures,and we added clarity and detail to aid the user in the determination of test uncertainty. It wasapproved by ANSI as an American National Standard on January 6, 2017.viASME PTC COMMITTEEPerformance Test Codes(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval

36、 of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. G. Albert, ChairJ. W. Milton, Vice ChairF. Constantino, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELP. G. Albert, ConsultantR. P. Allen, ConsultantJ. M. Burns, Burns Engineering ServicesA. E. Butler, GE Power however, they should not contain proprietary names

37、orinformation.viiiRequests that are not in the format described above may be rewritten in the appropriate formatby the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of theoriginal request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if addi

38、tionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Com

39、mittee Meetings. The PTC Standards Committee regularly holds meetingsand/or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meetingand/ortelephoneconferenceshouldcontacttheSecretaryofthePTCStandardsCommittee.FutureCommittee meeting dates and locations can be found on

40、 the Committee Page at go.asme.org/PTCcommittee.ixINTRODUCTIONThis Code contains instructions for testing waste fuelcombustion systems with energy recovery. These facili-ties are defined as combinations of apparatus for con-suming the organic content of waste by releasing itschemical energy. For the

41、 purpose of this Code, perform-ance will be a measurement of the available heat energyreleased during the process. The recovery of usefulenergy in the form of steam is considered to be themeasure of performance in this Code. It is not the intentof these testing procedures to obtain data on specificc

42、omponents of the system or to establish design criteriafor these components or the process. Testing of individ-ualcomponentssuchasfansshallbeconductedinaccor-dance with their respective test Codes. See ASMEPTC 11.Itisintended thatinusingthisCodea detailedexami-nation will be made of the Code of Gene

43、ral Instructions,ASME PTC 1, and all other Codes herein referencedbefore starting preparations for the tests. Such study isfor the purpose of ensuring an orderly and thoroughtesting procedure since it provides the user with anoverall understanding of the ASME Performance TestCode requirements and en

44、ables the tester to understandreadily the interrelationship of the various Codes. Careshould be exercised to obtain and use the latest revisionof the Codes.Subsection 5-20 of this Code is concerned with sym-bols and their description,relating specifically to testingof waste combustion systems. This

45、Code has departedfrom the use of symbols used in earlier Codes in anattempt to make the symbols compatible with currentword processors, personal computer spreadsheets, andcomputer code. Hence a symbol set was adopted thatdoes not use superscripts, subscripts, hyphens, or Greekletters.The ASME Supple

46、ments on Instruments andApparatus PTC 19 series referenced herein should bexstudied thoroughly, because the value of the test resultsdepends on the selection and application of the instru-ments,theircalibration,andtheaccuracyofthereadings.Other items of vital importance to the value of thetest are t

47、he proper determination of the characteristicsof the effluent gas and water streams. The appropriateprocedures for test and analysis as listed herein shouldbe followed carefully.This Code is intended as a test guide for all wastecombustor systems with energy recovery, but it couldnot possibly detail

48、 a test applicable to every variationin the design of waste combustion systems. In everycase, a competent engineer must study the particularfacility and develop test procedures that are inagreement with the intent, guiding principles, andrequired accuracy of this Code. Examples of the systemvariatio

49、nsatthetimeofpreparationofthisCodeincluderotary kilns, refractory and waterwall furnaces, rotarycombustors, mechanical grates, semi-suspension andsuspension burning, multiple-chamber solid hearthunits, and two-stage combustion systems. Such systemswere considered as the Code was being prepared.Portions of this Code may be used for waste combus-tors without energy recovery in the area of unburnedcombustibles in residue.Forsystemsfiredeitherbywasteorbywasteincombi-nation with other fuels in which heat recovery is a majorportion of the heat output, ASME PTC 4 may be used,along with a