ASME B30 14-2010 Side Boom Tractors (B30 14 - 2010)《带侧置起重臂的拖拉机》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDSide Boom TractorsASME B30.14-2010(Revision of ASME B30.14-2004)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.14-2010(Revision of ASME B30.14-2004)Side BoomTractorsSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,D

2、erricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: October 26, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be

3、no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the

4、next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced

5、 to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public

6、-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone u

7、tilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own res

8、ponsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establi

9、shedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThr

10、ee Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vB30 Standard Introduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 14-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 14-0.1 Scope of B

11、30.14 . 1Section 14-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 14-0.3 References 3Chapter 14-1 Construction and Characteristics 4Section 14-1.1 Load Ratings . 4Section 14-1.2 Operational Aids . 5Section 14-1.3 Boom Hoist and Load Hoist Mechanisms 6Section 14-1.4 Side Boom Tractor Travel . 7Section 14-1.5 Controls 7

12、Section 14-1.6 Ropes and Reeving Accessories . 7Section 14-1.7 Cabs . 8Section 14-1.8 General Requirements 8Chapter 14-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . 10Section 14-2.1 Inspection 10Section 14-2.2 Testing . 11Section 14-2.3 Maintenance 11Section 14-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maint

13、enance . 12Chapter 14-3 Operation 14Section 14-3.1 Operator Qualifications and Operating Practices . 14Section 14-3.2 Handling the Load . 15Section 14-3.3 Signals . 16Section 14-3.4 Miscellaneous 17Figures14-0.2-1 Track-Type Side Boom Tractor . 214-0.2-2 Wheel-Type Side Boom Tractor 214-1.1.4-1 Load

14、 Rating Chart 514-3.3.2-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Side Boom TractorOperations . 1814-3.4.2-1 Danger Zone for Side Boom Tractors and Lifted Loads OperatingNear Electrical Transmission Lines 20Table14-3.4.2-1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation Near High-Voltage Power Line

15、s and Operation in Transit With No Load andBoom or Mast Lowered . 20iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) (for

16、merly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussio

17、ns regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards

18、 Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety Cod

19、eCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sect

20、ional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This documen

21、t wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the

22、Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance;

23、and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may ser

24、ve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be

25、requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an

26、equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderin

27、gdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequ

28、ate.This edition of this Volume includes revisions to all chapters. These revisions, which wereapproved by the B30 Standards Committee and by ASME, were approved by ANSI and designatedas an American National Standard on September 9, 2010.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Der

29、ricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargr

30、ove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Libert

31、y Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti load overhang, track-type tractor, andload overhang, wheel-type tractor revisedSection 14-0.3 Revised49 Chapter 14-1 Revised1013 Chapter 14-2 Revised1420 Chapter 14-3

32、Revisedx(10)ASME B30.14-2010SIDE BOOM TRACTORSChapter 14-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 14-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.14Volume B30.14 includes provisions that apply to theconstruction, installation, operation, inspection, testing,and maintenance of side boom tractors powered by aninternal combust

33、ion engine used for pipe laying or lift-ing operations, utilizing a lifting boom, drum, wire rope,and/or hydraulic cylinders.The requirements for a side boom tractor that is usedfor other than lifting operations such as when convertedfor excavating work, and a side boom tractor with arated load of 1

34、 ton or less, are not included in thisVolume.SECTION 14-0.2: DEFINITIONSaccessory: a secondary part or assembly of parts thatcontributes to the effectiveness of a machine.administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or the employer in the absence of governmentaljurisdiction.angled load

35、: any load, other than freely suspended loads,which does not act upon the side boom tractor in apurely vertical manner.appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by theemployer or the employers representative.approved: accepted as satisfactory by a duly constitutedadministrative or regulatory aut

36、hority.authorized: approved by a duly constituted administra-tive or regulatory authority.axle: the shaft or spindle with which or about which awheel rotates. On side boom tractors and wheel-typetractors it refers to an assembly that includes the shaft,housing, and gearing from the shaft to the whee

37、l,sprocket, or equivalent device.boom: a member hinged to the side of the tractor withthe outer end supported by a rope system or hydrauliccylinder(s).boom hoist: a hoist drum and rope reeving system usedto raise and lower the boom. The rope system may beall live reeving or a combination of live ree

38、ving and1pendants. The boom may also be raised and lowered bya hydraulic cylinder(s).boom stop: an automatic device used to limit the angleof the boom at the highest position.brake: a device used for retarding or stopping motionby friction or power means.clutch: a friction, electromagnetic, hydrauli

39、c, pneumatic,or positive mechanical device for engagement or disen-gagement of power.counterweight: weight used to supplement the weight ofthe machine in providing stability for lifting loads.designated person: a person selected or assigned by theemployer or the employers representative as being com

40、-petent to perform specific duties.drum: the cylindrical members around which ropes arewound.dynamic loading: loads introduced into the machine orits components by forces in motion.load: the external load, in pounds (kilograms) appliedto the side boom tractor, including the weight of load-attaching

41、equipment such as load blocks, shackles, andslings.load, rated: side boom tractor ratings in pounds (kilo-grams) established by the manufacturer in accordancewith Section 14-1.1.load block, lower: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel,sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoistingropes.load bl

42、ock, upper: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel,sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boompoint.load capacity, maximum: the capacity for which the tractoris designed (refer to ISO 8813-1992).load hoist: a hoist drum and rope reeving system usedfor lifting and lowering loads.ASME B30.14-201

43、0load monitoring and indicating system: any system withthe capabilities to measure, advise the operator, andprovide appropriate visual and audible warnings for(a) weight of load being lifted(b) the percentage of rated load being liftedload movement: any movement of the load, vertically orhorizontall

44、y, relative to either the ground or the sideboom tractor.load overhang, track-type tractor: the horizontal distancefrom the center of the load hook to the outer edge ofthe outer track rail on the boom side.load overhang, wheel-type tractor: the horizontal distancefrom the center of the load hook mea

45、sured perpendicularto the center line of the tires on the boom side.minimum breaking force: the minimum load at which anew and unused wire rope will break when loaded todestruction in direct tension.operational aid: an accessory that provides informationto facilitate operation of a side boom tractor

46、 or thattakes control of particular functions without action ofthe operator when a limiting condition is sensed. Exam-ples of such devices include, but are not limited to, thefollowing:(a) anti-two-block device(b) rated capacity indicator(c) boom angle or load overhang indicator(d) load indicator or

47、 load monitoring and indicationsystem(e) boom hoist disconnect device(f) vehicle level indicatorqualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree in an applicable field, or certificate of pro-fessional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,training, and experience, has success

48、fully demonstratedthe ability to solve or resolve problems relating to thesubject matter and work.reeving: a rope system in which the rope travels arounddrums and sheaves.rope: refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.service, heavy: service that involves operation within therated load limit t

49、hat exceeds normal service.service, normal: distributed service that involves opera-tion with randomly distributed loads within the ratedload limit, or uniform loads less than 65% of rated loadfor not more than 25% of the time.service, severe: service that involves normal or heavy ser-vice with abnormal operating conditions.shall: if a provision is of a mandatory nature it is indi-cated by the use of the word shall.should: if a provision is of an advisory nature, it is indi-cated by the use of the word should and is a recommenda-tion to be considered, the advisability of which