ARMY MIL-HDBK-116-1989 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF SMALL SHELTERS《小型庇护所的环境控制》.pdf

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1、 MIL-HDBK-336 43 W 7777770 0037772 b W NOT MEASUREMENT I SENSITIVE MIL-HDBK-116 30 JUNE 1989 MILITARY HANDBOOK ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF CUSTODIANS: Army - ME Navy - SH DLA - GS SMALL SHELTERS Preparing activity: Army - ME Project 4 120-0322 AMSC NIA -* FSC -4 1 20 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved

2、for public release, distribution is unlimited. /THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS /c, 7 PAGES. -. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-336 LJL M 3777970 0037773 B m MIL-HDBK-116 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, DC 20301 “IL-HDBK-116 Environ

3、mental Control of Small Shelters 1. This standardization handbook was developed by the Department of Defense in accordance with established procedure. I 2. This publication was approved on 30 June 1989 for printing and inclusion in the military standardization handbook series. :r 3. Beneficial comme

4、nts (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: USA Belvoir Research, Development and Engineering Center, ATTN: STRBE-TSE, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improv

5、ement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. ,P- . i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-116 FOREWORD It is essential that environmental control requirements be considered in conjunction with

6、the planning for all other equipment to be installed in a shelter. Just two important examples of this are: planning the use of shelter space that the ECU and ducting must share with operational equipment and the need to assure compatibility of demands for electrical power for the ECU and other equi

7、pment in terms of voltage, phase, and frequency. This handbook is intended to assist with the proper inclusion of environmental control considerations in overall shelter utilization planning by providing a quick and easy method .of estimating cooling and heating requirements and selecting from the m

8、ilitary standard environmental control units the unit most suited to the purpose. Y Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-336 4i m 7777770 0039775 L W MIL-HDBK-116 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph List of tables List of figures CHAPTER

9、1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3.1 Introduction. Scope. General parameters. Referenced documents. Definitions. Use of handbook. CHAPTER 2. SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL UNITS Introduction. Estimating the cooling requirement.

10、Humidity control. Worldwide application. Nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protective equipment and ECUs. Estimating heating requirements. How to select an ECU. Sample problem. Proper sizing. Multiple units. Reducing oversize. The value of shading the shelter. How to select a supplementary heat

11、er. A caution on ventilation. CHAPTER 3. INSTALLATION Introduction. iii F . 5 Page viii ix a a a 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 16 17 la la 19 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Paragraph 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.6 3.6

12、.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 MIL-HDBK-116 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue4 Limiting factors affecting installation of ECUs in shelters, Recommended matchups. Retractable mounting installation. Description of a retractable mount. Benefits of retract

13、able system. Drawbacks of retractable installation. Inside fixed mounting installation. Description of inside fixed mounting. Benefits of inside installation. Problems with inside installation. Outside wall mounting installation. Description of outside wall mount concept. Benefits of outside wall mo

14、unting, Problems of outside wall mounting. Ground mounting. Description of two types of ground mounts. Benefits of remote and flush ground mounting. Problems for ground mounting. Frames. Summary. CHAPTER 4. DISTRIBUTING AIR IN THE SHELTER Introduction. Free-flow or ducted distribution. Planning the

15、distribution system. Reductions and expansions. Bends, Takeoff s. Outlets. Functions. Wall outlets. :F- “ .- Page 19 20 20 20 20 20 23 24 24 24 26 26 26 26 29 29 29 32 33 33 37 37 37 37 43 45 45 45 47 iv .“ “ 7 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

16、 IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-LLb 43 m 7977770 0037977 5 MIL-HDBK-116 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) -Paragraph 4.7.3 Ceiling outlets. 4.8 Material. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.6 CHAPTER 5. PROTECTING AGAINST CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT CONTAMINATION Introduction. Effects of CB agents and

17、radioactive particulates. Personal protection. Modular collective protection equipment. Interfaces. MCPE-shelter interface. MCPE-ECU interface. Summary of concerns regarding the MCPE. 5.7 Integration of GPFU and ECU. 5.8 Caution. 5.9 Determination of GPFU size. 5.9.1 5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.4 5.9.5 5.10 5.1

18、1 5.11.1 511.2 5.11.3 5.12 Shelter leakage. Ventilation. Integrated protective entrance. ECU makeup air. Air flow requirement determination. Reassessment of ECU sized based upon use of the GPFU. Decontamination. Decontaminating agent, super tropical bleach (STB). Decontaminating agent, DS2. Alternat

19、ives to STB and DS2. Additional information. CHAPTER 6. PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Attenuation requirement. Page 47 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 52 53 53 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 55 56 57 57 57 58 59 59 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted with

20、out license from IHS-,-,-Paragraph 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.4 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6 6.5.7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.5 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.7 -7.7.1 7.7.2 7.8 7.8.1 MIL-HDBK-LLb 41 W 7777770 OOL777B 7 W- MIL-HDBK-116 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue4 ECU and MCPE vulnerabilities. ECU. MC

21、PE, Remedy for ECU weaknesses. ECU-shelter interface. Types of gasketing. Gasketing considerations. Sealing, Weather protection. Screening air passages. Spring finger strip. Seek expert advice. CHAPTER 7. BLAST AND THERMAL PROTECTION Introduction. Nuclear effects of concern. Outlook for protection.

22、Threat levels. Fully hardened (10 psi). Intermediate hardened shelter (7 psi). Intermediate hardended shelter (4 psi). System hardening. Vulnerabilities. ECU mountings. ECU. Protective steps. Wall-mounted ECUs. Ground mounts. Protective siting and protective construction. Siting. I 7.8.2 Constructio

23、n 1 _“-I“- - Page 59 59 60 60 61 61 61 63 64 64 64 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 69 69 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue4 APPENDIX A. REFERENCES AND MAJOR SOURCES List of references APPENDIX

24、 B. EXPLANATIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF TERMS Terms listed alphabetically -. ?, .L APPENDIX C. BLANK WORKSHEETS - Worksheet Part I - Cooling Requirement Estimate Worksheet Part II - Heating Requirement Estimate Worksheet Part III - Selection of ECU (Pages 1 and 2) APPENDIX D. DESIGNS FOR ECU MOUNTING

25、STRUCTURES 10. Introduction 20 * General parameters 20.1 ECUs and mounts . 20.1.1 Retractable mount for the 18,000 Btuh military compact vertical ECU 20.1.2 Wall mounting designs 20.1.3 Remote ground mount for the 18,000 Btuh military compact vertical ECU 20.1.4 ECU durability 20.2 The shelter 20.2.

26、1 Dimensions and weight 20.2.2 Wall panel composition 20.2.3 Panel strength 20.3 Transportation shocks Page 70 73 79 80 82 84,86 88 88 88 88 88 88 95 95 95 95 95 96 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table No. I II III IV V VI VI I LIST

27、OF TABLES Title Standard small military shelters considered in this handbook. Standard military environmental control units, High and low temperatures and relative humidities from characteristic diurnal c.ycle during hottest or coldest month of the year. Estimating data for cooling and heating requi

28、rements. Recommended shelter-ECU matchups. c Considerations for selecting ECU mountings. (2 pages) Ventilation factors when GPFU is used. r. i“-“-_, “-. viii ,-_a - I Page 3 4 5 9 21 35,36 56 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Figure No.

29、 MIL-HDBK-116 LIST OF FIGURES Title 1-1 Location of climatic categories. 2-1 Sample problem - worksheet part I. 2-2 Sample problem - worksheet part II. 2-3 2-4 2-5 -. -3 2-6 3-1 3-2 3-3 3 -4 3-5 3-6 3-7 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4- 5 4-6 4-7 4- 8 5-1 5-2 6-1 6-2 B-1 B-2 B-3 D-1 Sample problem - worksheet part

30、 III (1 of 2). Sample problem - worksheet part III (2 of 2). Correction factor for adjusting from shelter interior design temperature. Shading the shelter. Mount for retractable ECU. Inside mounted ECUs illustrating characteristic space requirements. Typical wall mounting. Wall mountings for horizon

31、tal ECU. Typical remote ground-mounted ECU. Typical flush ground mounting. Shelter opening frame. Air distribution system planning instructions. (5 pages) Maximum desirable contraction and expansion angles. Splitters in expansion and contracting fittings. Curved elbows for rectangular ducting. Vaned

32、 square elbows. Takeoff s. Outlet for reducing air velocity and noise. Approaches to diffusers. Gas particulate filter units. Integrated protective entrances (IPE). Some examples of EMP gasket materials. Examples of EMP shielding for air passages and door closures. Typical military environmental con

33、trol units. Gas particulate filter unit. Navy heat pumps. Rectractable floor mount for vertical 18,000 Btuh ECU. Page 7 12 13 14 15 17 18 22 25 27 28 30 31 34 38-42 43 43 44 45 46 47 48 50 52 62 64 74 75 77 89 * ix Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

34、from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-116 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure No. Title D-2 Mounting for one 18,000 Btuh ECU on S280 tactical shelter D- 3 Mounting for two 18,000 Btuh ECUs on S280 tactical shelter. D-4 Mounting for one 36,000 Btuh ECU on S280 tactical shelter. D-5 Ground mount for vertical ECU, D- 6

35、 Ground mount for 6,000 Btuh, 9,000 Btuh, and 18,000 Btuh ECU. . X . “ - -. Page 90 91 92 . Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction. This handbook provides the non-heating and air conditioning engineer basic info

36、rmation needed to determine cooling and heating equipment requirements for standard military shelters. 1.2 ScoDe. The content addresses procedures for determining the type and size of environmental control units (ECU) required, methods for installing ECUs, and distribution of conditioned air in shel

37、ters. Nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) equipment and its use with the ECU and steps that might help the ECU to survive and function in an NBC environment are also addressed briefly. 1.3 General parameters. Coverage of the handbook is defined by: a. Shelters considered. The Standard Family of

38、Tactical Shelters (appendix A, reference 15) was used to determine ECU requirements. Table I includes examples covering a representative range of sizes and structural types of shelters extracted from reference 15. b. ECUs considered. Only standard military compact ECUs, four Navy adaptations of comm

39、ercial ECs and an Air Force ECU are recommended. The military compact units are included in MIL-A-52767 and MIL-STD-1408; the Navy MIL-HDBK-116 41 m 7779770 0019783 O a MIL-HDBK-116 CHAPTER 1 e ECUs a;e in- Navy Technical Manual NAVAIR 19-60-83; and the Air Force unit in MIL-A-83216. ECU descriptive

40、 data from these references are in Table II. c. Climatic conditions and catepories. Table III provides the world temperatures and humidities by the climatic categories agreed to in QSTAG-360 (appendix A, reference 8). The locations of the world in which these conditions are found are shown in figure

41、 1-1. These data are necessary in determining the required ECU capacity. 1.4 Referenced documents. Appendix A lists major source documents, including all documents referenced in.the text of the handbook. 1.5 Definitions. Definitions, explanations, and illustrations of terms used in the handbook are

42、included in appendix B. 1.6 -. This handbook is a guide. It contains the basic information needed to determine heating and air conditioning requirements for military shelters, with supplemental and supporting information in appendices. However, you may encounter complex problems which will require p

43、rofessional assistance or reference to appropriate technical publications. The handbook attempts to highlight where these instances might arise. If you should need help, appendix A, reference 2 is recommended as an initial source of information on environmental control. Specific points of contact fo

44、r questions and assistance: e - Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-L16 41 7777770 0017984 2 . MIL-HDBK-116 a. Relating to any aspect of this handbook: Cornmander U.S. Army Belvoir Research, Development and Engineering Center Att

45、ention: STRBE-FES Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606 Autovon: 345-3433; Commercial: (703) 664-3433. b. Relating to mobile shelters and nuclear hardening of shelters-: Commander U.S. Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center Attention: STRNC-UST Kansas Street Natick, MA 01761-5107 Autovon: 25

46、6-5248; Commercial: (508) 651-5248, c. Relating to NBC protective equipment and its applications: Commander U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center Attention: SMCCR-PPS Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5423 Autovon: 584-8427; Commercial: (301) 671-843.7, 2 ,”“” ”._ Provided

47、by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-116 TABLE I. Standard small military shelters considered in this handbobk. - Designation Nonexpandable S250 S280 C/G IS0 GP MF IS0 Expandable S-530 A/G ISO, one side expandable ISO, two sides expandable

48、 Service Sponsor Army Army Navy Air Force Army Ariny Nominal Outside Dimensions (HxWxL) (ft) 6 x 6% 7 7% x 7% x 12 8x820 8 x .8 x 20 7% x 7% x 12 (unexpanded) 8x820 (Unexpanded) 8x820 (Unexpanded) Inside Dimensfbns (HXWXL) (ft/in.) H: 54“ in aisle W: 63“ at top L: 66 65“ x 610“ x 116“ : 310“ at side wall : 38“ at floor 7 1“ x 7 7“ x 191“ Unexpanded: 69“ x 67“ x 115“ n Expanded : 69“ x 199“ x 115“ Unexpanded: 71“ x 65“ x 191 Expanded : 7 1“ x 14 6“ x 184“ Unexpanded: 71“ x 60“ x 191“ Expanded : 71 x 216“ x 184 The S280 B/G config