ANSI S1.15 Part 1-1997 Measurement Microphones - Part 1 Specifications for Laboratory Standard Microphones《测量扩音器.第1部分 实验室标准扩音器规范》.pdf

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1、AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMEASUREMENT MICROPHONES PART 1: SPECIFICATIONS FORLABORATORY STANDARDMICROPHONESAccredited Standards Committee S1, AcousticsStandards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America120 Wall Street, 32nd FloorNew York, New York 10005-3993ANSI S1.15-1997/Part 1ANSIS1.15-1997Part1Cop

2、yright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the na-tional coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clear-ing hous

3、e in the U.S. for information on national and internationalstandards.The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of sci-entists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse theknowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications.Copyright Acoustical Society of Amer

4、ica Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-American National StandardMeasurement Microphones Part 1: Specifications for LaboratoryStandard MicrophonesSecretariatAcoustical Society of AmericaApproved 6 June 1997America

5、n National Standards Institute, Inc.AbstractThis Standard specifies mechanical dimensions and certain electroacoustical characteristics for capacitor(condenser) microphones used as laboratory standards for sound pressure measurements of the highestattainable accuracy. The specifications are intended

6、 to ensure that primary calibration by the reciprocitymethod can be readily carried out. This Standard establishes a system to classify laboratory standardmicrophones into a number of types according to their dimensions and properties. This American NationalStandard is comparable to International St

7、andard IEC 61094-1:1992, Measurement microphones Part 1: Specifications for laboratory standard microphones.ANSI S1.15-1997 Part 1Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN

8、 NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICSThe Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for AccreditedStandards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock,S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide represen-tation from the technical community (man

9、ufacturers, consumers, and general-interest representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society ofAmerica through the American Institute of Physics as American National Stan-dards after approval by their respective standards committees and the AmericanNational Standards Institute

10、.These standards are developed and published as a public service to providestandards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State,and local governments.Each of the Accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with pro-cedures approved by American National Standards

11、 Institute (ANSI) is responsiblefor developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own standards. TheASA Standards Secretariat administers committee organization and activity andprovides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. Afterthe standards have been produced and

12、 adopted by the Accredited StandardsCommittees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASAStandards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution.An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con-cerned with its scope and provisions. Consens

13、us is established when, in thejudgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement hasbeen reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreementmeans much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consen-sus requires that all views and object

14、ions be considered and that a concertedeffort be made towards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary. Their existencedoes not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved thestandards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usi

15、ng products,processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at anytime. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require thataction be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard.Sta

16、ndards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America120 Wall Street, 32nd FloorNew York, New York 10005-3993Telephone: 11 212 248 0373Telefax: 11 212 248 0146E-mail: asastdsaip.org 1998 by the Acoustical Society of America. This Standard may not be reproduced inwhole or in part in any form for sale, prom

17、otion, or any commercial purpose, or any purposenot falling within the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permissionof the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of theAcoustical Society of America.Copyright Acoustical Society of America

18、 Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ContentsPageForeword . ii1 Scope . 12 Normative references . 13 Definitions . 14 Reference environmental conditions 35 Classification of laboratory standard microphones 36 Chara

19、cteristics of laboratory standard microphones . 47 Specifications . 5Tables1 Norminal mechanical dimensions and tolerance limits for thelaboratory standard microphones of figure 1; dimensions inmillimetres 62 Nominal mechanical dimensions and tolerance limits for theground-shield reference configura

20、tion of figure 2; dimensionsin millimetres . 73 Electroacoustical specifications for laboratory standardmicrophones. 8Figures1 Mechanical configurations of microphones 62 Mechanical attachment to a microphone showing the ground-shieldreference configuration 7iCopyright Acoustical Society of America

21、Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ForewordThis Foreword is for information only and is not an integral part of American NationalStandard Measurement Microphones Part 1: Specifications for Laboratory StandardMicro

22、phones, ANSI S1.15-1997/Part 1.This American National Standard is comparable to International Standard IEC61094-1:1992, Measurement microphones Part 1: Specifications for labora-tory standard microphones.This Standard is Part 1 of a series of standards related to measurement micro-phones.Part 2 of t

23、his series covers the primary method for pressure calibration of labora-tory standard microphones by the reciprocity technique. Part 3 covers the primarymethod for free-field calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reci-procity technique. Part 4 provides specifications for working stan

24、dard micro-phones.This Standard was developed under the jurisdiction of Accredited Standards Com-mittee S1, Acoustics, which has the following scope:Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminol-ogy, in the fields of physical acoustics including architectural acoustics, el

25、ec-troacoustics, sonics and ultrasonics, and underwater sound, but excludingthose aspects which pertain to safety, tolerance, and comfort.At the time this standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S1,Acoustics, for final approval, the membership was as follows:J. P. Seiler, ChairmanG.

26、 S. K. Wong, Vice ChairmanA. Brenig, SecretaryAcoustical Society of America . J.P.SeilerG. S. K. Wong (Alt.)Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute ARI . R.ComparinS. Sanders (Alt.)American Industrial Hygiene Association AIHA L.H.RoysterJ. F. Meagher (Alt.)AT FAX: 11 212 248 0146, E-mailasastds

27、aip.org.iiiCopyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-American National StandardMeasurementMicrophonesPart 1:Specifications forLaboratory StandardMicrophones1 ScopeThis Part 1: spec

28、ifies mechanical dimensions and certainelectroacoustic characteristics for condensermicrophones used as laboratory standards forsound pressure measurements of the highestattainable accuracy. The specifications are in-tended to ensure that primary calibration by thereciprocity method can be readily c

29、arried out forthe purpose of traceability to national stan-dards. establishes a system for classifying labora-tory standard condenser microphones into anumber of types according to their dimensionsand properties in order to facilitate the specifi-cation of calibration methods, the conduct of in-ter-

30、laboratory comparisons involving the cali-bration of the same microphones in differentlaboratories, and the interchangeability of mi-crophones in a given calibration system.2 Normative referencesThe following Standards contain provisions that,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof t

31、his American National Standard. At the time ofapproval by the American National Standards In-stitute, Inc. (ANSI), the editions indicated werevalid. All standards are subject to revision. Partiesto agreements based on this American NationalStandard are encouraged to investigate the possi-bility of a

32、pplying the most recent editions of theStandards listed below. Information on the mostrecent editions is available from the ASA Stan-dards Secretariat.1 ANSI S1.1-1994, American National StandardAcoustical Terminology.2 IEC 50(801): 1994, International Electrotechni-cal VocabularyChapter 801: Acoust

33、ics and elec-troacoustics. First edition.3 ASME B1.1:1989, Unified inch screw threads(UN and UNR thread form).3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Part 1, the following defi-nitions apply. Definitions for related quantities aregiven in ANSI S1.1 and in IEC 50(801). Boldfacesymbols represent complex

34、 quantities.3.1 capacitor condenser microphone. Micro-phone that consists of a capacitor and whose op-eration depends upon interaction between its elec-tric field and the change of its electrostaticcapacitance when exposed to the pressure of asound wave 8.25 of ANSI S1.1-1994 and IEV 801-06-13.NOTE

35、This Standard only considers capacitor(condenser) microphones operating by a virtuallyconstant charge obtained from an external polarizingvoltage applied from a source of suitably high internalresistance.3.2 laboratory standard microphone. Capaci-tor microphone capable of being calibrated to avery h

36、igh accuracy by a primary method such asthe closed coupler reciprocity method, and meet-ing certain severe requirements on mechanical di-mensions and electroacoustical characteristics,especially with respect to stability in time and de-pendence on environmental conditions.3.3 open-circuit voltage. A

37、lternating voltageappearing at the electrical output terminals of amicrophone as measured by the insert voltagetechnique when the microphone is attached to theground-shield configuration specified in 7.2, but isotherwise unloaded. Unit, volt (V).NOTE Owing to the capacitive nature of the micro-phone

38、, the voltage at the electrical terminals de-pends on the electrical load presented by the me-chanical and electrical attachment of the microphoneto a preamplifier. For this reason, preamplifiers usedfor measuring the open-circuit voltage of a micro-phone should fulfill the requirements of 7.2.3.4 p

39、ressure sensitivity of a microphone. Fora sinusoidal signal of given frequency and forgiven environmental conditions, quotient of theroot-mean-square, open-circuit voltage of the mi-crophone by the root-mean-square sound pres-sure acting over the exposed surface of the dia-phragm (i.e., at the acous

40、tical terminals of theAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S1.15-1997 Part 11 1998 Acoustical Society of AmericaCopyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-microphone), the sound pressure

41、 being uniformlyapplied over the surface of the diaphragm. Thisquotient is a complex quantity. When phase infor-mation is of no interest, the pressure sensitivitymay denote its modulus only. Unit, volt per pascal(V/Pa).3.5 pressure sensitivity level of a micro-phone. Logarithm of the ratio of the mo

42、dulus ofthe pressure sensitivity uMpu to a reference sensi-tivity. Pressure sensitivity level in decibels is 20lg(uMpu/MR), where the reference sensitivity MRis 1V/Pa. Unit, decibel (dB).3.6 free-field sensitivity of a microphone. Fora sinusoidal plane progressive wave of given fre-quency, for a spe

43、cified direction of sound inci-dence, and for given environmental conditions,quotient of the root-mean-square, open-circuit out-put voltage of the microphone by the root-mean-square sound pressure that would exist at the po-sition of the acoustic center of the microphone inthe absence of the microph

44、one. This quotient is acomplex quantity. When phase information is of nointerest, the free-field sensitivity may denote itsmodulus only. Unit, volt per pascal (V/Pa).NOTES1 At frequencies sufficiently low for the distur-bance of the sound field by the microphone to benegligible, the free-field sensi

45、tivity approaches thepressure sensitivity; see 6.10 for practical limitations.2 The position of the acoustic center is a functionof frequency.3.7 free-field sensitivity level of a micro-phone. Logarithm of the ratio of the modulus ofthe free-field sensitivity uMfu to a reference sensitiv-ity. Free-f

46、ield sensitivity level in decibels is 20lg(uMfu/MR), where the reference sensitivity MRis 1V/Pa. Unit, decibel (dB).3.8 diffuse-field sensitivity of a microphone.For a sinusoidal signal of specified frequency andfor given environmental conditions, quotient of theroot-mean-square, open-circuit output

47、 voltage ofthe microphone as a result of sound waves arrivingmore-or-less simultaneously with equal probabilityfrom all directions, by the root-mean-square soundpressure, from the same sound waves, at the po-sition of the acoustic center of the microphone inthe absence of the microphone. Unit, volt

48、per pas-cal (V/Pa).NOTES1 At frequencies sufficiently low for the distur-bance of the sound field by the microphone to benegligible, the diffuse-field sensitivity approaches thepressure sensitivity; see 6.10 for practical limitations.2 The position of the acoustic center is a functionof frequency3.9

49、 diffuse-field sensitivity level of a micro-phone. Logarithm of the ratio of the modulus ofthe diffuse-field sensitivity uMdu to a reference sen-sitivity. Diffuse-field sensitivity level in decibels is20 lg(uMdu/MR), where the reference sensitivity MRis 1 V/Pa. Unit, decibel (dB).3.10 random-incidence sensitivity of a micro-phone. For a sinusoidal signal