ANSI OPEI B71.8-2016 Powered Walk-Behind Rotary Tillers and Hand-Supported Cultivators - Safety Specifications.pdf

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1、American National StandardPowered Walk-Behind Rotary Tillersand Hand-Supported Cultivators Safety SpecificationsANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016Revision ofANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996(R2005)American National StandardPowered Walk-Behind Rotary Tillersand Hand-Supported Cultivators

2、 Safety SpecificationsSponsorOutdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. (OPEI)Approved January 13, 2016Published February 11, 2016American National Standards Institute, Inc.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other crite

3、ria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not nec

4、essarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards

5、or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person

6、shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: Thi

7、s American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all sta

8、ndards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2016 by Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. (OPEI)All rights reserved.No part of this publicatio

9、n may be reproduced in anyform, stored in an electronic retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means (electronic,photocopying, recording, or otherwise),without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageForeword.iii1 Scope.12 Normativ

10、e references.13 Definitions24 Machine identification35 Controls35.1 Control location35.2 Resistance to movement.35.3 Control identification35.4 Shutoff control device35.5 Engine (motor) speed control.45.6 Tine/traction control.45.7 Emergency stop control (powered reverse).46 General requirements46.1

11、 Stabilization and starting46.2 Handle structure (fastening).46.3 Power disengagement (clutch action)47 Shields or guards.57.1 Power drives57.2 Attachment of shields or guards67.3 Hot surfaces.67.4 Engine exhaust78 Servicing instructions.79 Electrical requirements79.1 General79.2 Line voltage circui

12、ts.79.3 Low-voltage battery-powered circuits (not including magnetogrounding circuits)89.4 High-tension cable.810 Label durability requirements.810.1 General810.2 Additional requirements.810.3 Types considered durable810.4 Silk screening.8iiPage11 Safety messages.911.1 On-product labeling.911.2 Safe

13、ty instructions.9Table1 Method for the use of the test cones.7Figures1 Operator zone and operator hand control position102 Safe starting zone - Hand-supported cultivators123 Finger probe134 Tine shielding for rear tine tillers145 Guarding of tilling means - Hand-supported cultivators.156 Test cones

14、for the determination of hot parts accessibility187 Safety instructions for powered walk-behind rotary tillers and hand-supported cultivators198 Safety messaging for powered walk-behind rotary tillers and hand-supported cultivators229 Safety sign.22Annexes A Rationale23B Bibliography.26iiiForeword (

15、This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016.)This standard is a revision of American National Standard for Outdoor PowerEquipment Powered Walk-Behind Rotary Tillers and Hand-Supported Cultivators -Safety Specifications, ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 (R2005). This standard was

16、 firstpublished in 1986, and the current standard is the 3rdedition.The present revision was prepared by the Outdoor Power Equipment Institutes(OPEI) Tillers Committee (B71.8), as part of OPEIs continuing work on standards.A summary of the principal changes included in this revision are as follows:-

17、 Revised Scope to (a) clarify this standard is applicable irrespective of thetype of power source, and (b) does not apply to cultivator attachmentscovered by the applicable ANSI/OPEI B175 standards;- Revised definition for hand-supported cultivator;- Added machine identification requirements;- Revis

18、ed starting stabilization requirements for hand-supported cultivators;- Added an operator zone emergency stop control requirement for machineswith a powered reverse function;- Revised the rear tine shielding requirements;- Revised hot exhaust surface requirements;- Added ANSI/UL 969 as an alternativ

19、e to ASTM label durability requirements;- Removed fuel tank overfill and fuel line pull test, covered by applicable ANSI/OPEI standards (Annex B);- Added use of symbols as an alternative to text for on-product safetywarnings;- Revised list of required operator manual safety warnings.Consensus for th

20、is standard was achieved by the use of the Canvass Method. Theannexes in this standard (A and B) are informative and not considered part of thisstandard.Suggestions for improvement of the standard will be welcome. They should be sentto the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, 341 South Patrick Street,

21、 Alexandria, VA22314 or www.opei.org, (703) 549-7600.ivThe following organizations are recognized as having an interest in thestandardization of safety requirements for powered walk-behind rotary tillers andhand-supported cultivators and were contacted prior to the approval of this revision ofthe st

22、andard. Inclusion in the list does not necessarily imply that the organizationconcurred with the submittal of the proposal to ANSI.ProducersHusqvarnaMTD Products Inc.Techtronic Industries Power EquipmentTEC InternationalUsersBriggs (212) 642-4900; www.ansi.org 2ASTM standards available from ASTM Int

23、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428; (610) 832-9500; www.astm.org 3ISO standards are available from the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdSt., New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900; www.ansi.org ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016 2 ISO 3767-3, Tractors, machin

24、ery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment ISO 11684, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials

25、 General principles SAE J156, Fusible Links4SAE J553, Circuit Breakers SAE J554, Electric Fuses (cartridge type) SAE J1116, Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J1128, Low Voltage Primary Cable SAE J1150, Terminology for Agricultural Equipment SAE J1362, Graphical Symbols for Oper

26、ator Controls and Displays on Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J2031, High Tension Ignition Cable 3 Definitions 3.1 actuating device: A handle, lever, switch, or similar control required to start the motion of tines or wheels. 3.2 clutch: A device used for engaging or disengaging the load f

27、rom the power source. 3.3 durable label: A label that shall meet the requirements of clause 10. 3.4 emergency stop control: A control which stops power to the traction drive and tines independent of the operator presence control. 3.5 engine (motor) start: The change of engine state from not producin

28、g power to producing power. 3.6 guard or shield: A barrier that minimizes inadvertent personal contact with hazards. 3.7 hand-supported cultivator: An operator-controlled (walk-behind) powered rotary cultivator with the following attributes: a dry weight under 16 kg (35.3 lb), no more than two wheel

29、s, the operator provides support or attitudinal control of the machine throughout its use, and its rotating tines/tool(s) ensure propulsion away from the operator. 3.8 manual start: Utilization of operator force to cycle the engine for starting purposes. 3.9 normal operation: Use of the machine whic

30、h is reasonably foreseeable and which is consistent with such activities as starting, stopping, tilling/cultivating, fueling, connecting to (or disconnecting from) a power source. 3.10 operator hand control position: The area within which all hand controls requiring operation from the operator zone

31、shall be located. 3.11 operator presence control (normally off control): A control requiring continuous operation by the operator and designed so that it will automatically stop power to a drive when the operators actuating force is removed. 3.12 operator zone: The area occupied by the operator duri

32、ng normal operation of the machine as illustrated in figure 1. 4SAE standards are available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096; (724) 776-4970; www.sae.org ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016 3 3.13 powered walk-behind rotary tiller: A tilling machine with powered rotary tines, wi

33、th or without traction drive, that is intended to break up soil and is controlled by the operator walking behind the machine. 3.13.1 front tine: A powered walk-behind rotary tiller designed to be operator controlled, with support wheels whose ground traction is provided by its forward positioned rot

34、ating tines. 3.13.2 rear tine: A powered walk-behind rotary tiller whose ground traction is provided by the drive wheels and whose rotating tines are behind the drive wheels. 3.13.3 traction drive: A mechanical drive system with independent control that powers the drive wheels. 3.14 shall: The word

35、“shall“ is to be understood as a requirement. 3.15 should: The word “should“ is to be understood as a recommendation. 3.16 test operator: An operator with the dimensions and reach as shown in figure 1. 3.17 tine barrier: Structural members, such as transport wheels, portions of the tiller frame, gro

36、und stake, or any combination of these members, that restrict entry of the operator into the rotating tines. 3.18 tines: That portion of the rotating member that engages and penetrates the soil. 4 Machine identification The machine shall be provided with identification giving at minimum the followin

37、g information: a) Name of the manufacturer or supplier, b) Markings that uniquely identify the machine (such as, model and/or serial number), and c) Contact information for a source of replacement parts. The label(s) shall meet the durability requirements of clause 10. 5 Controls 5.1 Control locatio

38、n Controls and actuating devices should be so designed and located as to prevent hazardous conditions, such as pinching or cutting the operator during their normal operation. 5.2 Resistance to movement During normal operation of the machine, all controls specified in 5.3.1, except the operator prese

39、nce (normally off) control, should remain in the position set by the operator. The motion or vibration of the tiller or hand-supported cultivator should not cause these controls to move from their selected design position. 5.3 Control identification 5.3.1 The following controls, if provided, for tin

40、e speed, tine direction, engine (motor) speed, engine (motor) shutoff, traction speed, tine engagement, emergency stop control and traction drive engagement and direction shall be identified by a durable label as to direction of operation and function. Universal symbols, as illustrated in SAE J1362,

41、 ANSI/ASAE S304.5, ISO 3767-1, and ISO 3767-3, may be used. 5.3.2 Identification shall be located near the control position and be legible to the operator. 5.3.3 Identification using lettering shall use a minimum letter height of 3 mm (0.115 in). 5.4 Shutoff control device A shutoff control device s

42、hall be provided to stop operation of the engine (motor). This device shall require manual and intentional activation in order to start the engine (motor). A key switch, or similar device, shall be provided to prevent unauthorized starting of the engine (motor), unless manual start is the only means

43、 of starting the engine (motor). The shutoff control device and the key switch, or similar device, may be combined in one control. ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016 4 5.5 Engine (motor) speed control 5.5.1 An engine (motor) speed control lever, if in the operator hand control position, shall move generally forwa

44、rd or upward, or both, to increase speed and generally rearward or downward, or both, to decrease speed. 5.5.2 An engine (motor) speed push/pull control, if in the operator hand control position, shall be pulled to increase speed and pushed to decrease speed. 5.5.3 An operator presence type speed co

45、ntrol shall increase speed when activated and automatically decrease speed when released. 5.6 Tine / traction control 5.6.1 Operation of the machine in any direction of travel shall require an operator presence (normally off) control(s) for tine and traction drive (if applicable) engagement located

46、in the operator hand control position (see figure 1). In a reverse direction of travel the maximum speed shall not exceed 1 meter per second (2.2 mph). 5.6.2 A means shall be provided to disengage the tines from the power supply. It shall require intentional activation in order to start tine operati

47、on. 5.7 Emergency Stop Control (Powered Reverse) For machines capable of powered reverse, an emergency stop control shall be provided in the operator zone which stops power to the traction drive and tines independent of the operator presence control. The purpose and method of operation of the device

48、 shall be clearly and durably marked. The color of the control shall contrast to the background. 6 General requirements 6.1 Stabilization and starting 6.1.1 Tillers (Front first with the engine running at the idle speed recommended by the manufacturer and then with the engine running at the maximum

49、governed speed recommended by the manufacturer. The tines shall be engaged while raised off the ground. For bi-directional tine drives, both tine directions shall be tested. ANSI/OPEI B71.8-2016 5 6.3.1.1.2 Powered walk-behind rotary tillers and hand-supported cultivators with centrifugal clutches (Except electrically driven machines) If the means to disengage the tines from the power supply, as required in 5.6.2, is a combination throttle/disengagement control (i.e., centrifugal clutch), the tines shall be raised from the ground and the control actuated to engage the tines