ANSI NEMA C78.LL 1256-2003 Electric Lamps Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.pdf

《ANSI NEMA C78.LL 1256-2003 Electric Lamps Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ANSI NEMA C78.LL 1256-2003 Electric Lamps Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.pdf（23页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2015)Electric Lamps Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching ProcedureC78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) American National Standard for Electric Lamps Proced

2、ures for Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: November 19, 2015 American National Standards Institute, Inc. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Man

3、ufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement am

4、ong every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views

5、of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or

6、the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publicatio

7、n, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your par

8、ticular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for o

9、r on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of

10、reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake t

11、o police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health- or safety-related information in this document shall not b

12、e attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page i AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) that th

13、e requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of S

14、tandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly, and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made tow

15、ard their resolution. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether s/he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. It is intended as a gui

16、de to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The American National Standards Institute, Inc., does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an inter

17、pretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on this title page. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn

18、at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute, Inc., require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American Nati

19、onal Standards Institute, Inc. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Conven

20、tion, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Pr

21、inted in the United States of America ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard/NEMA C78.LL1256-2003) Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to: Secretari

22、at C78 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 This standard was processed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) on Electric Lamps, C78. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee mem

23、bers voted for that approval. Much attention continues to be focused on the disposal of mercury containing lamps, particularly fluorescent lamps. The United States Environmental Protection Agencys Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure is used at both the Federal level and by most states to dete

24、rmine whether or not spent fluorescent lamps should be classified as hazardous waste. This Standard was developed by technical experts in the lamp industry in order to establish a uniform method of sample preparation for fluorescent lamps in order to minimize the inherent variability associated with

25、 TCLP testing of such lamps. This document also specifies other important aspects related to the leaching process that are not specifically defined for lamps by SW-846, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods,” but that have been shown in practice to contribute to test var

26、iability, if not properly controlled. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Foreword. ii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 2 4 General requirements 3 5 Safety considerations 4 5.1 Safety considerations for integral

27、compact fluorescent lamps 4 5.2 Safety considerations compact fluorescent lamps 4 6 Lamp preparation 4 7 Leaching 4 8 Filtration . 4 9 Storage of the leachate . 5 10 Vessel cleaning . 5 ANNEXES (Normative) Annex 1 Lamp preparation for linear and U-shaped fluorescent lamps 6 Annex 2 Lamp preparation

28、for integral electronic compact fluorescent lamps . 11 Annex 3 Lamp preparation for pin-based compact fluorescent lamps 14 ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iv 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 1 2015 National Electrical Manufacturer

29、s Association 1 Scope Procedures for preparation of fluorescent lamps for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) are presented below. These guidelines are intended to supplement the TCLP by supplying specific instructions for size reduction of lamps including integral electronic compact,

30、pin-based compact, linear and U-shaped fluorescent lamps. This standard specifically covers integral electronic compact, pin-based compact, linear and U-shaped fluorescent lamp types. Additional standards have been prepared and are in preparation for high intensity discharge lamps, and other lamp ty

31、pes that require specific sample preparation instructions because of their design or construction. It consolidates and supersedes the following four NEMA standards: NEMA LL 1-1997, Procedures for Linear Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP; NEMA LL 2-1997, Procedures for Pin-Based Compac

32、t Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP; NEMA LL 5-1999, Procedures for U-shaped Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP; and NEMA LL 6-1996, Procedures for Integral Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamp Sample Preparation and the TCLP. The protocol that follows is grouped to inclu

33、de general requirements, safety considerations, lamp preparation, leaching, filtration, storage, and leaching vessel reuse. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time o

34、f publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Toxicity Characteristic Lea

35、ching Procedure (TCLP), 55 FR 126, pp. 26987-26998, June 29, 1990 United States Environmental Protection AgencySW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 2 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3 Definitions compac

36、t fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric-discharge source in which a fluorescing coating transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury discharge into visible light. These sources are intended to replace many incandescent lamps. There are two broad classes of compact f

37、luorescent lamps, integral and pin-based. integral electronic compact fluorescent lamp: This class combines a lamp, electronic ballast, and adapter (usually as a screw-in base which fits an incandescent lamps holder or socket) in a single sealed assembly, which must be discarded when the lamp burns

38、out. See Figure 1 for examples of integral electronic compact fluorescent lamps. Note: The most discernable difference between integral electronic and magnetic compact fluorescent lamps is that the electrical part of the electronic lamp consists of a large number of relatively small and light-weight

39、 electronic components (e.g., resistors, capacitors, switching devices, coils, transistors, etc.), while the electrical part of the magnetic lamp consists of one relatively big and heavy copper-iron transformer and some small components (e.g., diodes, capacitors, and resistors). Electronic lamps ope

40、rate at a frequency that is much higher (typically 20 kHz or higher) than the mains frequency, whereby magnetic lamps operate at a frequency that is approximately the same as the mains or input frequency (60 Hz). pin-based compact fluorescent lamp: This class includes those lamps that are separate f

41、rom an adapter and ballast combination. Unless otherwise noted, compact fluorescent lamp in the remainder of this standard refers to the pin-based class of lamps. U-shaped fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric-discharge, U-shaped source in which a fluorescing coating transforms some of t

42、he ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury discharge into visible light. U-shaped types include lamps with a nominal overall length of 57 cm (22 7/16 in) from base to bend. See Figure 2 for a diagram of a U-shaped fluorescent lamp with the various parts mentioned in this Standards Publication la

43、beled linear fluorescent lamp: A low pressure mercury electric-discharge, straight-shaped source in which a fluorescing coating transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated by the mercury discharge into visible light. Linear types include four-foot lamps, with a nominal overall length of 121.

44、9 cm (48 in.), and eight-foot lamps, with a nominal overall length of 243.8 cm (96 in.). See Figure 3 for a diagram of a linear fluorescent lamp with the various parts mentioned in this standards publication labeled. ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 3 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers

45、Association Globe ReflectorFigure 1 Example of Integral Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamps FilamentGlass StemExhaust TubeLeg Support BarTubeStarting Aid Strip(Optional)Brass PinEndcapFigure 2 Example of a U-shaped Fluorescent Lamp Figure 3 Example of a Linear Fluorescent Lamp Filament Tube End Cap

46、 Glass Stem Exhaust Tube Pin ANSI C78.LL 1256-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 4 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 4 General requirements TCLP must be performed on the entire lamp in a single leaching vessel large enough to contain an amount equal to 20 times the weight of the lamp. In case

47、s where the weight of a single whole lamp is less than 100 grams, a number of whole lamps must be combined to provide a sample of at least 100 grams. As an alternative, TCLP may be performed on the entire lamp using two leaching vessels large enough to contain an amount equal to 20 times the weight

48、of one-half the lamp. (Annex 1 provides a method for using two vessels) All lamp components must be reduced in size to pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. 5 Safety considerations 5.1 Safety considerations for integral compact fluorescent lamps Integral compact fluorescent lamps with electronic ba

49、llasts contain a great variety of components for proper operation of the circuit. Some of these components are capacitors. Before attempting any work on the circuit, these capacitors must be discharged by a short across their leads with a piece of metal, such as a screwdriver with an insulated handle. 5.2 Safety considerations pin-based compact fluorescent lamps Compact fluorescent lamps have a plastic base with either two or four pins. The following applies to two-pin lamps only. Compact fluorescent lamps with two pins contain a globottle and capacitor in th