ANSI LIA LASER Z136.7-2008 Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment.pdf

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1、 American National Standard for Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment American National Standard ANSI Z136.72008 ANSIZ136.7 2008First PrintingAmerican National Standardfor Testing and Labeling ofLaser Protective EquipmentSecretariat Laser Institute of America Approved January 25, 2008 A

2、merican National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer and the general public. T

3、he existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to

4、periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this

5、standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Laser Institute of America 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128 Orlando

6、, FL 32826 ISBN: 978-0-912035-91-8 Copyright 2008 by Laser Institute of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, or be made available on the Internet, a public network, by satellite or otherwise, with

7、out the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America i Foreword (This introduction is not a normative part of ANSI Z136.7-2008, American National Standard for Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment.) In 1968, the American National Standards Institute

8、 (ANSI) approved the initiation of the Safe Use of Lasers Standards Project under the sponsorship of the Telephone Group. Prior to 1985, Z136 standards were developed by ANSI Committee Z136 and submitted for approval and issuance as ANSI Z136 standards. Since 1985, Z136 standards are developed by AN

9、SI Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136. A copy of the procedures for development of these standards can be obtained from ASC Z136 Secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826 or viewed at www.z136.org. ASC Z136 is responsible for the development

10、and maintenance of this Standard. In addition to the consensus body, ASC Z136 is composed of standards subcommittees (SSC) and technical subcommittees (TSC) involved in Z136 standards development. At the time of this printing, the following standards and technical subcommittees were active: SSC-1 Sa

11、fe Use of Lasers (parent document) SSC-2 Safe Use of Lasers and LEDs in Telecommunications Applications SSC-3 Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities SSC-4 Measurements and Instrumentation SSC-5 Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions SSC-6 Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors SSC-7 Eyewear and P

12、rotective Barriers SSC-8 Safe Use of Lasers in Research, Development and Testing SSC-9 Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments SSC-10 Safe Use of Lasers in Entertainment, Displays and Exhibitions TSC-1 Biological Effects and Medical Surveillance TSC-2 Hazard Evaluation and Classification TS

13、C-4 Control Measures and Training TSC-5 Non-Beam Hazards TSC-7 Analysis and Applications EWG Editorial Working Group The five standards currently issued are: ANSI Z136.1-2007, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (replaces ANSI Z136.1-2000) ANSI Z136.3-2005, American National Standard f

14、or Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities (replaces ANSI Z136.3-1996) ii ANSI Z136.4-2005, American National Standard Recommended Practice for Laser Safety Measurements for Hazard Evaluation (first printing) ANSI Z136.5-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Ins

15、titutions (first printing) ANSI Z136.6-2005, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors (replaces ANSI Z136.6-2000) This American National Standard provides guidance for the testing and labeling of laser protective equipment such as laser eye protection, filters, windows, and barrier

16、s for use with lasers and laser systems. Emphasis is given to ensuring adequate testing of laser protective eyewear (e.g., absorptive, interference/reflective, and hybrid filter technologies). This standard has been published as part of the American National Standard Z136 series. This document is th

17、e American National Standard Z136.7. This document may be used independently of ANSI Z136.1 in the determination of required retinal angular protection/coverage. Where applicable, tables from ANSI Z136.1 are included. Instances where additional guidance contained in ANSI Z136.1 is required are noted

18、 and referenced in the appropriate sections of this document. This standard is expected to be periodically revised as new information and experience in the use of lasers are gained. Future revisions may have modified content and use of the most current document is highly recommended. While there is

19、considerable compatibility among other existing laser safety standards, some requirements differ among state, federal, and international standards, particularly with respect to signs, symbols, and control measures. Suggestions for improvements of the standard are welcome. They should be sent to ASC

20、Z136 Secretariat, Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee Z136 for Safe Use of Lasers, whose scope covers protection against hazards associated with the use o

21、f lasers and optically radiating diodes. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all members voted for its approval. Ron Petersen, Committee Chair Sheldon Zimmerman, Committee Vice-Chair Robert Thomas, Committee Secretary iii Notice (This notice is not a normative part of

22、ANSI Z136.7-2008, American National Standard for Testing and Labeling of Laser Protective Equipment.) Z136 standards and recommended practices are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. The process brings together volunteers

23、 representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on laser safety related issues. As Secretariat to ASC Z136, the Laser Institute of America (LIA) administers the process and provides financial and clerical support to the committee. The LIA and its directors, officers, employees, me

24、mbers, affiliates and sponsors, expressly disclaim liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document or these sta

25、ndards. The LIAs service as Secretariat does not constitute, and LIA does not make any endorsement, warranty or referral of any particular standards, practices, goods, or services that may be referenced in this document. The LIA also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness

26、of any information published herein. The LIA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. In issuing and making this document available, the LIA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or en

27、tity. Nor is the LIA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given

28、 circumstances. iv Participants At the time it approved this standard, ASC Z136 had the following members: Organization Represented Name of Representative Academy of Laser Dentistry Joel White Altos Photonics, Inc. Lucian Hand American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Ira Horowitz American

29、 Dental Association Joel White American Glaucoma Society Michael Berlin American Industrial Hygiene Association R. Timothy Hitchcock American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery David Sliney Jerome Garden (Alt) American Society of Safety Engineers Thomas V. Fleming Walter Nickens (Alt) American V

30、eterinary Medical Association Kenneth Bartels American Welding Society Mark McLear William Arthur (Alt) Association of periOperative Registered Nurses Penny J. Smalley Camden County College Fred Seeber Corning, Inc. C. Eugene Moss Delphi Corporation Paul Daniel Jr. Health Physics Society Thomas John

31、son David Sliney (Alt) High-Rez Diagnostics, Inc. Richard Hughes Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (SCC-39) Ron Petersen International Imaging Industry Association (I3A) Joseph Greco L*A*I International Thomas Lieb Laser Institute of America Richard Greene Laser Safety Consulti

32、ng, LLC. Darrell Seeley Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Ken Barat LFI International Roberta McHatton Los Alamos National Laboratory Connon Odom National Aeronautics and Space Administration Guy Camomilli Randall Scott (Alt) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Shao Yang Power

33、 Technology, Inc. William Burgess Rockwell Laser Industries William Ertle Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Peter Boden David Dubiel (Alt) University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center John Hoopman v Organization Represented Name of Representative US Department of Health and Human Services, Center

34、for Devices and Radiological Health Jerome Dennis US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Robert Curtis US Department of the Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory Benjamin Rockwell Robert Thomas (Alt) US Department of the Air Force, Surgeon Generals Office Krista Wen

35、zel Robert Rodgers (1stAlt) Scott Braley (2ndAlt) US Department of the Army, Medical Research and Materiel Command Bruce Stuck US Department of the Army, Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Jeffrey Pfoutz Penelope Galoff (Alt) US Department of the Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command Shel

36、don Zimmerman Mary Zimmerman (Alt) US Department of the Navy, Naval Air Systems Command James Sheehy Individual Members Robert Aldrich Prem Batra Gary Bower Richard Crowson Ben Edwards Robert Handren, Jr. Ami Kestenbaum David J. Lund Wesley Marshall Jay Parkinson Randolph Paura Frank Rainer William

37、P. Roach James Smith Nikolay Stoev Paul Testagrossa Thomas Tierney Stephen Trokel Robert Weiner Myron Wolbarsht Anthony Zmorenski vi The various subcommittees that participated in developing this standard had the following members: Eyewear and Protective Barriers, SSC-7 James Sheehy, Chair Jerri Tri

38、bble, Vice-Chair William Arthur John CuevaByron Edmonds William Ertle James FranksPenelope Galoff Marc Gleichert Randy HallBrian Kimball Susan LoehrDavid J. Lund Thomas MacMullin Wesley Marshall Mark McLear C. Eugene Moss Jay Parkinson Dale Pfriem Matry Piltch Frank Rainer Jeff Runkel David Sliney C

39、hristine Stanley Michael Thomas Robert Tucker Dean Wilson Biological Effects and Medical Surveillance, TSC-1 Bruce Stuck, Chair David Sliney, Vice-Chair Mary Zimmerman, Secretary Robert Aldrich Kenneth Bartels John Bell Gary Bower Clarence CainFrancois Delori Jerome Dennis William ErtlePenelope Galo

40、ffThomas Johnson Charles LinBrian J. Lund David J. LundMartin Mainster Wesley Marshall Russ McCally Leon McLin C. Eugene Moss John OHagan Ron Petersen William P. Roach Benjamin Rockwell James Sheehy Robert Thomas Stephen Trokel Nancy Van Cleave Myron Wolbarsht James Zavislan Sheldon Zimmerman Joseph

41、 Zuclich Harry Zwick Hazard Evaluation and Classification, TSC-2 David Sliney, Chair James Franks, Vice-Chair Robert Thomas, Secretary Robert AldrichJerome DennisHoward Donovan Robert FaalandJerome GardenR. Timothy Hitchcock Kimberly Kantner Martin Langlois David J. Lund Wesley Marshall Leon McLin J

42、ohn ODonnell Connon Odom Jay Parkinson Mary G. Payton Ron Petersen vii Hazard Evaluation and Classification, TSC-2 (cont.) William P. Roach Benjamin Rockwell Darrell Seeley Dale Smith Gregory Smith Nikolay Stoev Bruce Stuck Paul Testagrossa Bill Triplett Stephen Trokel Karl Umstadter Robert Weiner J

43、ames Zavislan Sheldon Zimmerman Control Measures and Training, TSC-4 William J. Ertle, Chair R. Timothy Hitchcock, Vice-Chair Anthony Zmorenski, Secretary Robert Aldrich William Arthur Mary Baker Ken BaratClarence Cain Richard Crowson Paul Daniel, Jr. Jerome Dennis Howard Donovan Robert Faaland Thom

44、as Fleming Penelope Galoff Terence Garrison Richard Greene Patrick Hancock Robert Handren Joel Harrington John Hoopman Kimberly Kantner Thomas Lieb Susan Lohr Tom MacMullin Wesley Marshall Mark McLear C. Eugene Moss John ODonnell John OHagan Jay Parkinson Mary G. Payton Ron Petersen Frank Rainer Wil

45、liam P. Roach Benjamin Rockwell Darrell Seeley James Sheehy David Sliney Penny J. Smalley James Smith Dale Smith Casey Stack Nikolay Stoev Bruce Stuck Paul Testagrossa Robert Thomas Stephen Trokel Robert Tucker Robert Weiner Jamaal Whitmore Myron Wolbarsht Sheldon Zimmerman Non-Beam Hazards, TSC-5 C

46、. Eugene Moss, Chair Ben Edwards, Vice-Chair Ken Barat Joseph Greco R. Timothy Hitchcock Richard Hughes Betty Minor Douglas Ott Daniel Palmerton Ron Petersen Penny J. Smalley Dan Thomas Robert Thomas Thomas Tierney Arthur Varenelli viii Editorial Working Group, EWG Nikolay Stoev, Chair David Ermer P

47、enelope Galoff Richard Hughes Bill Janssen Thomas Johnson Ami Kestenbaum Timothy Reed Barbara Sams Darrell Seeley Robert Thomas Myron Wolbarsht Mary Zimmerman Sheldon Zimmerman CONTENTS SECTION PAGE ix 1. General.1 1.1 Scope. 1 1.2 Application 1 2. Definitions2 3. Requirements .9 3.1 Transmittance 9

48、 3.2 Optical Density. 10 3.3 Refractive Power. 10 3.4 Surface and Material Quality 10 3.5 Environmental Stability (Eyewear). 11 3.6 Flammability. 11 3.7 Field of View. . 11 3.8 Filter Construction/Assembly. 11 3.9 Frames and/or Side Shields. 11 3.10 Mechanical Strength and Impact Resistance. . 11 4.

49、 Test Methods12 4.1 Transmittance 12 4.2 Optical Density. 13 4.3 Laser Characterization. . 14 4.4 Test Protocols 15 4.5 Inspection and Evaluation. 17 4.6 Environmental Stability. . 18 4.7 Flammability. 18 4.8 Field of View (of a protective device). . 18 4.9 Filter Construction/Assembly. 18 4.10 Frames. 18 5. Manufacturers Instructions for Use.18 5.1 Use Instructions. .18 5.2 Specific Protective Device Information 18 5.3 Additional Information - Eyewear and Window. . 19 6. Labeling .19 6.1 Eyewear Labeling. 19 6.2 Window Labeling 20 6.3 Barrier Labeling20 7. Revision of Standar