ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 14882-2017 Programming languages - C++.pdf
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1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 14882:2017 (2018) (ISO/IEC 14882:2017, IDT) Programming languages - C+ INCITS/ISO/IEC 14882:2017 (2018) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typef
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4、y event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 6/29/2018 Published by American National Standar
5、ds Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2018 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Amer
6、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard shou
7、ld be submitted to ITI, 1101 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2018 All rights reserved Programming languages C+Langages de programmation C+INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC14882Reference numberISO/IEC 14882:2017(E)Fifth edition2017-12 ISO/IEC 2
8、017ii ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
9、 or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fa
10、x +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO/IEC 14882:2017(E)ISO/IEC 14882:2017(E)ContentsForeword xi1 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 34 General principles 74.1 Implementation compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 Structure
11、 of this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3 Syntax notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.4 The C+ memory model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 T
12、he C+ object model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 Program execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 Multi-threaded executions and data races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
13、54.8 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Lexical conventions 225.1 Separate translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2 Phases of translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 Character sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.4 Preprocessing tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.5 Alternative tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.6 Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.7 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.8 Header names . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.9 Preprocessing numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.10 Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.11 Keywords
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.12 Operators and punctuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.13 Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. 296 Basic concepts 396.1 Declarations and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.2 One-definition rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.3 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.4 Name lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506.5 Program and linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.6 Start and termination . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666.7 Storage duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706.8 Object lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.9 Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.10 Lvalues and rvalues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836.11 Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Contents ISO/IEC
22、2017 All rights reserved iiiISO/IEC 14882:2017(E)7 Standard conversions 867.1 Lvalue-to-rvalue conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877.2 Array-to-pointer conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877.3 Function-to-po
23、inter conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.4 Temporary materialization conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.5 Qualification conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.6 In
24、tegral promotions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.7 Floating-point promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.8 Integral conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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