ANSI AHRI 530-2011 Rating of Sound and Vibration for Refrigerant Compressors《制冷压缩机噪音和振动等级》.pdf

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1、 AHRI Standard 530-2011 2011 Standard for Rating of Sound and Vibration for Refrigerant Compressors Approved by ANSI on 4 November 2011 Price $15.00 (M) $30.00 (NM) Copyright 2011, by Air-Conditioning , Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Tradem

2、ark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY DISCLAIMER AHRI does not set safety standards and does not certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designe

3、d, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recognized safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. AHRI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry p

4、ractices. AHRI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Note: This standard supersedes AHRI Standard 530-2005. Note: This version of the standard differs from that of 2005 in the following ways: 1. Reverberation Ro

5、om requirements including instrumentation and qualification shall be in accordance with AHRI Standard 220. 2. Reverberation Room testing shall be done per AHRI Standard 220. 3. Sound Power Levels shall be computed per AHRI Standard 220 for testing done in a reverberation room. 4. Anechoic/Hemi-Anech

6、oic Test Room requirements including instrumentation and qualification shall be in accordance with ANSI S12.55/ISO 3745. 5. Anechoic/Hemi-Anechoic Test Room testing shall be done per ANSI S12.55/ISO 3745. 6. Sound Power Levels are to be computed per ANSI S12.55/ISO 3745 for testing done in an Anecho

7、ic/Hemi-Anechoic Test Room. Note: The AHRI Technical Committee on Sound will investigate alternative measurement methods for possible inclusion in future revisions of this standard. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose . 1 Section 2. Scope 1 Section 3. Definitions 1 Section 4. Test Re

8、quirements 3 Section 5. Rating Requirements 6 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings . 7 Section 7. Conformance Conditions 8 TABLES Table 1. One-Third Octave Bands and A-Weighting Factors, dB 7 FIGURES Figure 1. Time Domain Wave Amplitude Descriptors 3 Figure 2. Vibration Test Lo

9、cations at Suction, Discharge, and Mounting Locations . 5 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative 9 Appendix B. References - Informative 9 Appendix C. Conversion Methods Informative 10 Appendix D. Operational Data Normative 11 Appendix E. Sound Test Data Normative 12 Appendix F. Vibration Data

10、 Normative . 13 Appendix G. Gas Pulsation Data Normative 14 _ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 530-2011 2 RATING OF SOUND AND VIBRATION FOR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSORS Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish for the rating of sound and vibration for Refrigerant Compressors: definit

11、ions; test requirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for published ratings; and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This

12、 standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to External-drive, Hermetic, and Semi-Hermetic Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors. In the case of External-drive Refrigerant Compressors, the driving mechanism shall be e

13、xcluded from the sound and vibration measurements. However, for Semi-Hermetic Refrigerant Compressors where the driving mechanism is an integral part of the compressor assembly as defined in Section 3, it shall be included in the measurements. 2.1.1 Exclusion. An External-drive Refrigerant Compresso

14、r, coupling and motor assembly mounted on a common base is excluded from this standard, since the vibration measurement method specified in the standard does not apply to this type of product. Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document shall follow the standard industry definitions in the cur

15、rent edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Amplitude Root Mean Square (rms). Refer to definition 3.16. 3.2 Anechoic Test Room. A test room whose surfaces absorb essentially all of the incident sound en

16、ergy over the frequency range of interest, thereby affording free-field conditions over the measurement surface. 3.3 Bandwidth. The difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a contiguous set of frequencies. It is typically measured in Hz. 3.4 Flat Top Window. A weighting function applied

17、 during fast fourier transform analysis to obtain the true amplitudes of periodic components of a time signal. It is designed specifically to minimize the amplitude error. It facilitates calibration by using a calibration tone which may lie anywhere between two lines of the analyzer. Maximum amplitu

18、de error is less than 0.01 dB. 3.5 Fundamental Frequency. The speed of the compressor drive/shaft expressed in Hz. 3.5.1 Fundamental Pulsation Frequency. The dominant frequency observed in the pressure pulse. For reciprocating compressors, where all events are equally spaced in time, this is usually

19、 the number of cylinders times the Fundamental Frequency. 3.6 Harmonics. Sinusoidal quantity that has a frequency which is an integral multiple of the frequency of the periodic quantity to which it is related. ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 530-2011_ 1 3.7 Hemi-Anechoic Test Room. A test room with a hard, refle

20、cting floor whose other surfaces absorb essentially all of the incident sound energy over the frequency range of interest, thereby affording free-field conditions above a reflecting plane. 3.8 Hertz (Hz). A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second. 3.9 Octave Band. A band of sound covering a

21、range of frequencies such that the highest is twice the lowest. Note: the Octave Bands used in this standard are those defined in ANSI Standard S1.11. 3.10 One-Third Octave Band. A band of sound covering a range of frequencies such that the highest is the cube root of two times the lowest. Note: The

22、 One-Third Octave Bands used in this standard are those shown in Table 1 and as defined in ANSI Standard S1.11. 3.11 Pulsation. The fluctuation of the pressure in a discharge or suction line about some mean pressure. 3.12 Rating Conditions. Any set of operating conditions under which a single level

23、of performance results and which causes only that level of performance to occur. 3.12.1 Standard Rating Conditions. Rating Conditions used as the basis of comparison for performance characteristics. 3.13 Reference Sound Source (RSS). A portable, aerodynamic sound source that produces a known stable

24、broad band sound power output. 3.14 Refrigerant Compressor. 3.14.1 External-drive (Open Type) Refrigerant Compressor. A compressor with a shaft or other moving parts extending through a casing to be driven by an external power source, thus requiring a shaft seal or equivalent rubbing contact between

25、 fixed and moving part. 3.14.2 Hermetic Refrigerant Compressor. A compressor and motor enclosed in the same housing without an external shaft or shaft seals. The motor operates in the refrigerant. 3.14.3 Semi-Hermetic Refrigerant Compressor. A compressor directly coupled to an electric motor and con

26、tained within a gas-tight bolted casing. The motor operates in the refrigerant. 3.15 Reverberation Test Room. A reverberation room or reverberation chamber is an acoustically designed room for uniform distribution of acoustic energy. It is used to determine the Sound Power Level of a source and also

27、 to find the absorption coefficient of a material (sound absorption). 3.16 Root Mean Square (rms). The square root of the average of the sum of the squared instantaneous values of a function measured over the sample period. 2/112=nSSniirms1Where: i = individual sample n = Number of sample measuremen

28、ts S = Dynamic signal from sound, vibration, or pressure measuring instruments Srms= Root Mean Square value of S (Figure 1 depicts the peak to peak and the rms wave amplitude levels of a non-sinusoidal vibration or pressure signal.) _ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 530-2011 2 Figure 1. Time Domain Wave Amplitude

29、 Descriptors 3.17 “Shall” or “Should“. “Shall” or “Should” shall be interpreted as follows: 3.17.1 Shall. Where “shall” or “shall not” is used for a provision specified, that provision is mandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed. 3.17.2 Should. “Should” is used to indicate provisions whi

30、ch are not mandatory but which are desirable as good practice. 3.18 Sound Power Level (Lw). Ten times the logarithm to the base ten of the ratio of the sound power radiated by the source to a reference power, expressed in decibels (dB). The reference sound power used in this standard is one picowatt

31、 (pW). 3.18.1 A-Weighted Sound Power Level (LWA). The logarithmic summation of A-Weighted, One-Third Octave Band levels. 3.19 Sound Pressure Level (Lp). Twenty times the logarithm to the base ten of the ratio of a given sound pressure to a reference sound pressure of 20 Pa, expressed in decibels (dB

32、). 3.20 Working Load. The portion of the compressor weight supported by the individual isolator. Section 4. Test Requirements 4.1 General Test Requirements. 4.1.1 Compressor Mounting. The compressor to be tested shall be mounted on a mass at least four times the mass of the compressor. The isolators

33、 used shall be those recommended for that particular compressor by the manufacturer. Isolator stiffness in N/m at the Working Load shall be reported as specified in Appendix D.4.1.2 Compressor Line Connections. To minimize the external load on the compressor, discharge and suction line connections s

34、hall be made at the compressor with flexible tubing, such as an extruded Teflon tube with a stainless steel wire braid cover and a length to diameter ratio of at least 50. The lines need to be supported to minimize the static load on the compressor. To provide uniform flow, the lines shall have the

35、same nominal inside diameter as the tubing size recommended by the compressor manufacturer. If mechanical connectors are used, the inner diameter of the connector shall be the same as the inner diameter of the refrigerant line, unless the connector is part of the compressor assembly. -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5

36、 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time AmplitudePeak to Peak Positive Peak rms Level ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 530-2011_ 3 In the event that flexible lines are not commercially available, rigid tubing may be used in a setup that provides flexibility for either the suction and/or dischar

37、ge lines. A complete detailed sketch of the tubing geometry used shall be provided which includes mounting points, suction fittings and discharge fittings similar to the generic sketch in Figure 2. All refrigerant lines not part of the compressor assembly shall be installed and treated to minimize t

38、heir acoustic contribution. 4.1.3 Electrical Power Supply. Test voltage and frequency shall be as specified on the compressor nameplate. Where dual voltages (i.e., 230/460 V) are shown, either voltage may be used. Where extended voltage is specified (i.e., 208/230 V), the higher voltage shall be use

39、d. When dual frequency is indicated, tests shall be conducted at both frequencies. Test voltage shall be 1 % of that specified and the frequency shall be held to 0.5 Hz tolerance. 4.1.4 Test Conditions. The compressor shall be tested after thermal and operating stabilization has been reached. The ty

40、pe of oil and refrigerant used for each test shall be identified. Standard Rating Conditions are defined in 5.4. 4.1.5 Narrow Band Measurements. When using digital Fourier analyzers to measure discrete spectrum component amplitudes, a Flat Top Window shall be used. Record the amplitude at each peak.

41、 The Bandwidth shall be no more than 1/5 of the Fundamental Frequency, but wide enough so that side bands cannot be individually discerned. 4.2 Sound Level Measurements. 4.2.1 Sound Testing Requirements. Sound tests shall be conducted in an Anechoic or Hemi-Anechoic Test Room meeting all the require

42、ments of, and that has been qualified per ANSI Standard S12.55/ISO 3745 or in a Reverberation Room meeting all the requirements of, and that has been qualified per AHRI Standard 220. The tests shall be conducted at operating conditions specified in 4.1.3, 4.1.4, and 5.4. Note: the RSS shall meet the

43、 requirements of AHRI Standard 250. 4.2.1.1 Determination of Sound Power Levels. The Sound Power Levels shall be determined in decibels with respect to 1 pW for the One-third Octave Bands from 100 to 10,000 Hertz (50 to 80 Hertz is optional). The overall A-weighted level shall be calculated from the

44、 one-third octave band Sound Power Levels. For testing done in an Anechoic or Hemi-Anechoic Test Room, the testing and calculation procedures as specified in ANSI Standard S12.55/ISO 3745 shall be followed to determine the required one-third octave band Sound Power Levels and the overall A-Weighted

45、Sound Power Level. For testing done in a Reverberant Test Room, the testing and calculation procedures as specified in AHRI Standard 220 shall be followed to determine the required one-third octave band Sound Power Levels and the overall A-Weighted Sound Power Level. 4.3 Vibration Measurements. 4.3.

46、1 Operating Conditions. The tests shall be conducted at the operating conditions described in 4.1.3, 4.1.4 and 5.4.4.3.2 Measurement Points. See Figure 2. Vibration measurements shall be taken at all mounting locations (1, 2, 3, 4), as close to the mounting point as possible. In addition, measuremen

47、ts shall also be taken on the compressor shell or body close to the location of the suction and the discharge fittings. 4.3.3 Measurement Directions. See Figure 2. Vibration measurements shall be taken in three orthogonal directions at the suction and discharge fitting locations and in three orthogo

48、nal directions at the mounting locations. At the suction and discharge fitting location, one direction shall be parallel to the centerline of the tubing at the fitting. One of the remaining two directions should describe the tangential motion of the compressor body at the fitting, if applicable, and shall be described in a sketch. The third direction is then defined by the orthogonality requirement (Figure 2). _ANSI/AHRI STANDARD 530-2011 4 Figure 2. Vibration Test Locations at