ANSI AGMA 2007-C-2000 Gears - Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding《齿轮.磨削后表面回火的浸蚀检验》.pdf

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1、 STD-AGMA 2007-COO-ENGL 2000 Ob87575 UUObb54 77b E AIVSIIAGMA 2007- COO IS0 14104:1995, IDT AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Gears - Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding AGMA STANDARD Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reprod

2、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Gears - Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding American ANWAGMA 2007-COO National ISO 14104:1995, IDT Revision of ANWAGMA 2007-8921 Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require- me

3、nts for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement

4、means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una- nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary: their existence does not in any respec

5、t preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpret

6、ation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre- tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear

7、 Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA technical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the As- sociation o

8、n the subject matter. Fables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should read: Extracted from AN WAGMA 2007-A00, Gears - Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King S

9、treet, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 2231 4.1 Approved November 2, 2000 ABSTRACT Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding explains the materials and procedures necessary to determine, evaluate, and describe localized overheating on ground surfaces. A system to describe and classify the indica

10、- tions produced during this inspection is included. However, specific acceptance or rejection criteria are not contained. Published by Ameri can Gear Manufacturers Assoc ia t i on 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright O 2000 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All

11、 rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-55589-761 -4 II Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided b

12、y IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD=AGMA 2007-COO-ENGL 2000 Ob87575 OOObb5b 547 W AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANWAGMA 2007-COO Contents Page Foreword . iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Equipment . 1 4 Procedure . 2 5 Inspection criteria

13、 . 4 6 Rework of surface tempered parts . 5 7 Temper etch removal 6 8 Maintenance and control . 6 9 Safety and environmental precautions . 6 1 O Specifications and documentation 6 Tables 3 Reagents 1 1 Examples of cleaning methods 2 2 Type2etching 3 3 Type3etching 4 4 Surface temper classification s

14、ystem 5 Figures 1 Procedure flow chart 2 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD-AGHA 2007-COO-ENGL 2000 = 0b87575 000bb57 485 ANWAGMA 2007-COO AMERICAN NATIONAL S

15、TANDARD Foreword The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANWAGMA Standard 2007-COO, Gears - Surface Temper Etch Inspection After Grinding. AGMA 230.01 was written to standardize a process of s

16、urface temper inspection An industry wide survey conducted by the committee indicated a wide variation in solution strengths and times used, which gave rise to that standard. The safety and environmental precautions included therein were a caution for those not familiar with the storage, handling, u

17、se and disposal of concentrated acids, alkalis and solvents. Those precautions, however, did not supersede the latest OSHA, EPA, and DOT requirements. The solutions and times stated therein work and were acceptable to the greatest number of users. The safety precautions no doubt are superfluous to m

18、any. However, due to the difference of this inspection from ordinary shop practice, it is felt that some caution should be directed to those manufacturers without benefit of personnel trained in the proper use and handling of these materials. The first committee draft of AGMA 230.01 was prepared in

19、September, 1963. It was approved by the Surface Temper Inspection Process Task Committee as of September, 1964. AGMA 230.01 was approved by the AGMA membership as of April 13, 1967. The revision of AGMA 230.01, designated ANWAGMA 2007-B92, was begun in May 1989. It was renamed Surface Temper Etch In

20、spection After Grinding, for better definition, the contents reorganized, and obsolete procedures deleted. Type 1 (hot bleach) Etching was published in AGMA 230.01 as table 2A in an appendix. This table was not included in the revision; the use of Type 2 or Type 3 Etching was recommended instead. An

21、other specification covering temper etch inspection is MIL-STD-867A, Temper Etch Inspection. ANWAGMA 2007-892 was adopted as an international Standard (IS0 14104:1995) through ISOs “fast track procedures”, by Technical Committee TC 60 Gears. This ANSI standard, designated ANWAGMA 2007-COO, is an ide

22、ntical adoption of IS0 141 04: 1995. The differences between it and ANWAGMA 2007-B92 are: - The Scope is modified to delete the statement that the standard applies to steel parts “40 HRC or greater”. In addition, the stipulation that the procedure is to be performed after grinding and before additio

23、nal finishing operations is made. - Clause 2 in AN SI/AGMA 2007-B92, “Requests, approval and certification” is located in clause 1 O, “Specifications and documentation” in this standard. The requirement “When this standard is referenced, materials, equipment and processes, as listed herein, shall be

24、 used” is deleted. - In the last paragraph of sub-clause 4.2, “Etching”, a recommended time for elevated temperature bake is indicated. - In table 3, “Type 3 etching”, the recommended time for step 4, nitric acid etch, in alcohol, is 1.5 to 3.5 minutes, instead of 1.5 to 2.5 minutes. - Sub-clause 5.

25、1 contains an additional paragraph, recommending that users of the standard set their own reference standards. - Clause 9, Safety and environmental precautions, is revised to delete reference to specific U.S. regulatory agencies. - The standard is metric only. - Minimal editorial changes have been i

26、ncorporated. iv Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD-AGMA 2007-COO-ENGL 2000 Ob87575 000bb58 311 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANWAGMA 2007-COO The first draft of

27、AN WAGMA 2007-COO was made in August, 1998. It was approved by the AGMA membership on March 2,2000. It was approved as an American National Standard on November 2,2000. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1

28、500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 2231 4. Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-STD-AGHA 207-COO-ENGL 2000 m b87575 bb57 258 M ANWAGMA 2007-COO AMERIC

29、AN NATIONAL STANDARD PERSONNEL of the AGMA Metallurgy and Materials Committee Chairman: Richard Shapiro . Derlan Precision Gear, Inc. ACTIVE MEMBERS M. Abney C.F. Bern - - abrasive cleaning: select particle size and blasting procedure to maintain surface finish and dimensions; handle parts with clea

30、n white gloves; - alkaline or ultrasonic clean; examine for water breaks and repeat if water break occurs. Remarks Recommended time31 Process Solution*) normally used for inspecting carburized steels and can also be used for surface-hardened areas of through-hardened steels. Type 3 (see table 3) is

31、normally used for inspecting tool and high-alloy steels, and can be used in place of Type 2. When the Type 3 etching procedure is used, abrasive cleaning is not required. Parts which cannot be immersed in tanks can be etched using cotton swabs, using the same materi- als and techniques described eit

32、her in table 2 or 3. The swabbing technique is difficult to control and interpret, therefore, tank immersion is preferred where practical. Use of a swabbing technique should be agreed upon by the customer and supplier. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NOTES: 4.2 Etching The following etching techniques are effecti

33、ve prep- Inspect parts immediately following the complete etch Procedure- Nitric acid etch4) Nitric acid, 3% to 5% (by volume); in alcohol: . . . . . . . . in water: . . . . . . . . . Rinse Water Alcohol dip5) Alcohol Bleach4) Hydrochloric acid, 4% to 6% (by volume), in alcohol: . . . . . . . . in w

34、ater: . , , . , . . . . Rinse Water Neutralize Alkali solution with pH Rinse Water Alcohol dip3) Alcohol Oil Rust preventive of 10 minimum aration for temper inspection The type Of An elevated-temperature bake to relieve hydrogen etching should be chosen based on the material to be inspected and the

35、 ease of handling. embrittlement is optional. The maximum bake temperature shall be at least 14C below the final To remove acid. To remove water. Part should be immersed for a sufficient time to cause a uniform brownish-gray color on part; exact bleaching time should be estab- , lished by test and r

36、eproduced. Type 2 etching (see table 2) is generally accepted as a good production inspection method. Type 2 is Table 2 - Type 2 etching heat-treat tempering temperature. A baking time of 2 to 4 hours is recommended. As required 10 s to 60 s To remove acid. Agitate parts while immersed. 30 s to 60 s

37、 10 s to 30 s As required Dip and dry 30 s to 60 s Exact time to develop black oxide film will vary; time should be established and reproduced. As required Dip and dry To remove caustic solvents. To remove water. To prevent corrosion and aid in color contrast. ) Uniform agitation of the parts while

38、immersed in the respective baths and rinses is required to avoid a spotty etching condition as well as to accomplish complete neutralization. 2, All solutions are used at ambient temperature. 3, It is permissible to deviate from these recommended times. 4, Areas with close tolerances which do not re

39、quire surface temper etch inspection should be suitably masked to avoid stock removal. Approximately 0.003 mrn of stock per surface is removed by etching each time this process is performed. I 5, Optional procedure: hot water rinse at 65C minimum, followed by a dry air blast, may be used in lieu of

40、alcohol dip. I 3 Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 2007-COO Process Table 3 - Type 3 etching Recommended time31 Solution*) 1 Step) Hydrochloric acid cl

41、ean4) Rinse Alcohol dip5) Nitric acid etch4) Rinse 9lcohol dips) 31each4) ?inse Ieutralize ?inse 4lcohol dips) 3il c 4 Hydrochloric acid, 4% to 6% (by volume), in alcohol: in water: 1.5 min to 3.5 min 30 s to 60 s Water As required Alcohol Dip and dry Nitric acid, 3% to 5% (by volume), in alcohol: i

42、n water: 1.5 min to 3.5 min 30 s to 60 s Water As required Alcohol Dip and dry Hydrochloric acid, 4% to 6% (by volume), in alcohol: in water: 1.5 min to 3.5 min 30 s to 60 s Water As required Alkali solution with pH 10 s to 60 s of 10 minimum Water As required Alcohol Dip and dry Rust preventive Dip

43、 only AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Remarks Exact time to be established by I test. To remove acid. To remove water. Exact time to develop black oxide film will vary; time should be estab- lished and reproduced. To remove acid. To remove water. Part should be immersed for a suf- ficient time to cause a

44、 uniform brownish-gray color on the part; exact bleaching time should be es- tablished by test and reproduced. To remove acid. figitate parts while immersed. To remove caustic solvents. To remove water. To I :olor prevent contrast. corrosion and aid in NOTES: Uniform agitation of the parts while imm

45、ersed in the respective baths and rinses is required to avoid a spotty etching condition as well as to accomplish complete neutralization. 2, All solutions are used at ambient temperature. 3, It is permissible to deviate from these rcommended times. 4, Areas with close tolerances which do not requir

46、e surface temper etch inspection should be suitably masked to avoid stock removal. Approximately 0.003 mm of stock per surface is removed by etching each time this process is performed. 5, Optional procedure: hot water rinse at 65C minimum. followed by a dry air blast, may be used in lieu of alcohol

47、 dip. 5 Inspection criteria 5.1 Visual appearance and classification The appearance of tempering indications is de- scribed in table 4. Parts with no temper indications will be uniform gray in color when properly cleaned and etched. Localized tempered areas appear as dark gray or black areas on the

48、etched part. Generally, the severity of temper burns increases as the color becomes darker. If sufficient heat is generated during grinding, rehardening may result. The rehardened area will contain an area of white or light colored untempered martensite, and may be surrounded by a black tempered are

49、a. Any indications, especially rehardening burns, .e., untempered martensite, may affect the durability of the part, but the part may still be functional. It is good practice to magnetic particle inspect parts with temper indications, especially those with class D or E indications, which are more susceptible to cracking. The classification system in table 4 should be used to develop the acceptance or re