AASHTO TP 108-2014 Standard Method of Test for Abrasion Loss of Asphalt Mixture Specimens.pdf

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1、Standard Method of Test for Abrasion Loss of Asphalt Mixture Specimens AASHTO Designation: TP 108-141American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2d TP 108-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Abrasion Loss of A

2、sphalt Mixture Specimens AASHTO Designation: TP 108-1411. SCOPE 1.1. This test method describes the procedure for determining the percent abrasion loss of asphalt mixture specimens using the Los Angeles abrasion machine. 1.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.

3、This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3. The values stated in S

4、I units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials PP 77, Materials Selection and Mixture Design of Permeable Friction Courses (PFC) R 30, Mixture Conditioning of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) R 35, Superpave Vo

5、lumetric Design for Asphalt Mixtures R 46, Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine T 168, Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures T 209, Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of

6、 Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) T 312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor 2.2. ASTM Standards: D7227/D7227M, Standard Practice for Rapid Drying of Compacted Asphalt Specimens Using Vacuum Drying Apparatus E1, Standard Specification

7、for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 2.3. Other Document: NCHRP Report 640, Construction and Maintenance Practices for Permeable Friction Courses 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. abrasion lossthe loss of mass from an asphalt mixture specimen due to abrasion. 2015 by the American Association

8、of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 108-2 AASHTO 3.1.2. air voidsthe total volume of the small pockets of air between the coated aggregate particles throughout a compacted paving mixture, expressed as a percent of t

9、he total volume of the compacted specimen. 3.1.3. draindownseparation of asphalt binder from the coarse aggregate structure, generally during storage or transportation. 3.1.4. stabilizing additivematerials used to minimize draindown of asphalt during transport and placement of SMA or PFC, which may

10、include fibers, polymers, crumb rubber, or a combination of these additives. 4. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 4.1. A single specimen of compacted asphalt mixture is placed within the drum of a Los Angeles abrasion machine without the charge of steel spheres. The specimen is subjected to a total of 300 revo

11、lutions within the Los Angeles abrasion drum. At the conclusion of the test, the percent material loss is determined based upon the original mass of the specimen. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. The test method described is used to indirectly assess the cohesion, bonding, and effects of traffic abrasio

12、n on asphalt mixtures. This procedure is typically used in the PFC mix design process. Test specimens may be either laboratory-compacted specimens or sampled from pavements. 6. APPARATUS 6.1. Los Angeles abrasion machineAs specified in T 96. 6.2. ThermometersArmored, glass, or dial-type with metal s

13、tems in accordance with ASTM E1. To measure the temperatures of the aggregates, binder, and PFC mixture, metal thermometers with a scale up to 200C (392F) and an accuracy of 3C (5F) or better shall be used. To measure the test temperature, a thermometer with a scale from 0C to 40C, (32F to 104F) and

14、 an accuracy of 0.5C (1F) shall be used. 6.3. Weighing DeviceThe weighing device shall have sufficient capacity, be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample mass or better, and conform to the requirements of M 231. 6.4. OvenThe oven shall be capable of maintaining the appropriate temperature for drying

15、 specimens to a constant mass. 6.5. ChamberEnclosure large enough to hold the Los Angeles machine with the ambient temperature controllable to a maximum margin of error of 1C (2F) from the specified test temperature. The thermometer measuring ambient temperature shall be in the proximity of the Los

16、Angeles machine. 7. TEST SPECIMENS 7.1. Test specimens may be either laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture or sampled from asphalt pavements. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 108-3

17、 AASHTO 7.2. Preparation of Laboratory-Compacted SpecimensPrepare a minimum of three specimens. The gyratory compaction effort shall be as specified by the mix design. Compacted specimen heights shall be 115 5 mm. 7.2.1. Preparation of Laboratory-Mixed SpecimensPrepare and condition the specimens in

18、 accordance with the appropriate mixture design procedure depending on the mixture type. 7.2.2. Preparation of Field-Sampled and Laboratory-Compacted SpecimensPrepare the specimens in accordance with T 312. 7.3. Preparation of Field-Sampled SpecimensObtain cores from the roadway in accordance with T

19、 168. 8. PROCEDURE 8.1. Dry the specimen to a constant mass at a temperature of 52 3C (125 5F). Samples saturated with water shall initially be dried overnight and then weighed at 2-h drying intervals. Recently compacted laboratory samples that have not yet been exposed to moisture do not require dr

20、ying. As an alternative to oven drying to constant mass, drying the sample according to ASTM D7227/D7227M is acceptable. When using ASTM D7227/D7227M to achieve constant mass, perform the drying procedure at least twice, with a mass determination after each drying cycle. 8.2. Cool the specimen to th

21、e test temperature of 25 1C (77 2F). Once the test temperature is reached, the specimen shall remain at this temperature for at least 4 h. Determine the mass of the specimen and record the value as W1. Note 1Test temperatures as low as 18C (64F) have been identified as having been used in recent res

22、earch (NCHRP 640). 8.3. Place the specimen inside the Los Angeles machine drum without the charge of steel spheres. Turn the drum at 30 to 33 r/min in accordance with T 96. The total number of revolutions shall be 300. 8.4. After 300 revolutions are complete, remove the specimen from the drum. Clean

23、 the specimen lightly with a cloth to remove particles that are loose on the outside of the specimen and discard the loose material. Determine the mass of the specimen and record the value as W2. 8.5. Repeat Steps 8.1 through 8.4 for the remaining specimens. 9. CALCULATION OF RESULTS 9.1. Calculate

24、the percent abrasion loss of each specimen as follows: 121001WWPLW= (1) where: W1 = initial mass of the specimen, g; and W2 = final mass of the specimen, g. 9.2. Calculate the mean abrasion loss of all specimens tested. Round the result to the nearest 1 percent. 10. REPORT 10.1. The report shall inc

25、lude the following: 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 108-4 AASHTO 10.1.1. Percent abrasion loss for each specimen, reported to the nearest 1 percent. 10.1.2. Mean percent abrasion

26、 loss of all specimens, reported to the nearest 1 percent. 11. PRECISION AND BIAS 11.1. PrecisionThe research required to develop precision values has not been conducted. 11.2. BiasThe research required to establish the bias of the method has not been conducted. 12. KEYWORDS 12.1. Abrasion loss; LA abrasion machine. 1This provisional standard was first published in 2014. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.