API RP 55-1995 Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide (SECOND EDITION)《如何操作含硫化氢的石油天然气生产装置及气体加工厂.第2版》.pdf

《API RP 55-1995 Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide (SECOND EDITION)《如何操作含硫化氢的石油天然气生产装置及气体加工厂.第2版》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《API RP 55-1995 Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen Sulfide (SECOND EDITION)《如何操作含硫化氢的石油天然气生产装置及气体加工厂.第2版》.pdf（52页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen SulfideAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 55SECOND EDITION, FEBRUARY 1995REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013Recommended Practice for Oil and Gas Producing and Gas Processing Plant Operations Involving Hydrogen SulfideUp

2、stream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 55SECOND EDITION, FEBRUARY 1995REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013API RP*55 95 E! 0732290 0543084 846 SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to par- ticular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulation

3、s should be reviewed. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal law

4、s. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be const

5、rued as granting any right, by im- plication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod- uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. Ge

6、nerally, AFI standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least ev- ery five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this re- view cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standa

7、rd or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the AFI Authoring Department telephone (214) 953-1 1011. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and up- dated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington

8、, D.C. 20005. This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appro- priate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions Concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or comments and questions

9、Concerning the procedures under which this standard was devel- oped should be directed in writing to the director of the Exploration and Production Depart- ment, American Petroleum Institute, 700 North Pearl, Suite 1840, Dallas, Texas 75201. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or a

10、ny part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representatio

11、n, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this pub- lication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage re- sulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. API standards are p

12、ublished to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API stand

13、ards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking re- quirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not

14、represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. Copyright 0 1994 American Petroleum Institute API RP*55 95 I 0732290 0543085 782 W CONTENTS me O INTRODUCTION . 1 1 SCOPE . 1 2 REFERENCES 1 2.1 Standards 1 2.2 Regulations . 2 . 2.3 Other Refere

15、nces 3 2.4 Bibliography 3 2.5 Acronyms and Abbreviations . 4 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Acceptable Ceiling Concentration 3.2 Breathing Zone . 3.3 Continuous Hydrogen Sulfide Monitoring Equipment 3.4 Emergency Response Planning Guide-Level 2 (ERPG-2) 3.5 Enclosed Facility 3.6 Essential Personnel 3.7 Gas Detec

16、tion Instrument 3.8 Hydrogen Sulfide . 3.9 Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) 3.10 Inadequately Ventilated 3.1 1 Length-of-stain Detector 3.12 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 3.13 Shall . 3.1 4 Shelter-in-place 3.15 Should 3.16 Sulfur Dioxide 3.17 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 4 APPLICAB

17、ILITY . 4.1 Personnel and Equipment Protection . 4.2 Legal Requirements . 4.3 Hazard Communication (Worker Right-to-know) . 4.4 Comprehensive Environmental Response. Compensation. and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments und Reauthorization Act (SARA) itle III (Emergency Planning and Comm

18、unity Right-to-know 4.5 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) . 5 PERSONNEL TRAINING . 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Minimum Training . 5.3 Additional Training for Onsite Supervisory Personnel 5.4 Refresher Training . 5.5 Training Visitors and Other Non-regularly Assigned Personnel . 5

19、.6 Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Instruct0 rs 5.7 Safety Review 5.8 Supplemental Training . 5.9 Records 5.1 O Other Personnel Considerations . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 iii API RP*55 95 W 0732290 0543086 619 5.10.1 Enclosed Facilities and Confined Space Entry 8

20、5.10.3 Perforated Eardrums . 8 6 PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT . 8 6.1 Introduction 8 6.2 Stationary Hydrogen Sulfide Monitoring Systems 8 6.3 Portable Detection Equipment . 9 6.4 Breathing (Respiratory Protection) Equipment . 9 6.4.2 Face Piece Restrictions 10 6.4.3 Air Supply . 10 6.4.4 Compresso

21、rs 10 6.4.5 Breathing Equipment Use . 10 6.5 Standby Rescue Personnel . 10 6.6 Rescue Equipment . 10 6.7 Wind Direction Indicators 10 6.8 Warning Signs 11 7 CONTINGENCY PLANNING INCLUDING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 11 7.2 Scope . 11 7.3 Availability of Plan 11 7.5 Responsibilities of Personnel . 11 7.6 Im

22、mediate Action Plan 12 7.7 Emergency Telephone Lists . 12 5.10.2 Respiratory Problems . 8 6.4.1 Storage and Maintenance . 9 7.1 Introduction 11 7.4 Pian Information 11 7.8 Training and Drills . 12 7.9 Updating Provisions . 13 8 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES . 13 8.1 Design Guidelines 13 8.1.1 Pr

23、ocess and Mechanical Considerations . 13 8.1.2 Design Considerations . 13 8.1.3 Materials Considerations . 13 8.1.4 Materials Selection 13 8.1.5 Site Selection 1 14 8.2 Construction Guidelines . 14 8.2.1 Fabrication and Joining System Components . 14 8.2.2 Qualification of Personnel . 14 8.2.3 Handl

24、ing and Storage of Equipment . 14 8.1.6 Warning Method 14 8.2.4 Inspection 14 8.2.5 Repairs . 14 8.3 Electrical Design Considerations . 14 9.1 Introduction 15 9.3 Test Procedures 15 9.4 Safe Work Practices . 15 9.5 Leak Detection . 15 9.6 Safe Work Permits . 15 9.7 Valves, Connections, and Gauges 15

25、 9.8 Artificial Lift Wells 15 9 OPERATING PRACTICES 15 9.2 Emergency Procedures . 15 API RP*55 95 B 0732290 0543087 555 B 9.9 Flowing Wells 9.1 O Flow/Gathering Lines 9.1 1 Pressure Vessels . 9 .i 2 Pressure Relief and Normally Venting Devices . 9.13 Storage Tanks . 9.14 Hare Systems . 9.15 Monitori

26、ng Equipment-Maintenance, Testing. and Calibration 9 .i 6 Corrosion Monitoring 9 .i 7 9.18 Enclosed Facility Entry i . 9.19 Iron Sulfide Precautions . 9.20 Drilling Operations 9.21 9.23 Well Abandonment Confined Space Entry Safety Precautions for Sampling and Tank Gauging Operations . 9.22 Facilitie

27、s Abandonment-Surface Equipment . 9.24 Contingency Plan Revisions 1 O GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF CONTINUOUS HYDROGEN SULFIDE MONITORING EQUIPMENT . 10.1 Introduction 10.2 General . 10.3 Construction Characteristics 1 0.3.1 Portability 10.3.2 Power Supply, Portable Monitoring Equipmen

28、t 10.3.3 Readout . 10.3.4 Recorder Output 10.3.6 Instruction Manuals . 10.3.7 Electrical Approval 10.3.8 Ruggedness . 10.3.9 Calibration Equipment 10.3.1 O Zero and Span Adjustments 10.3.11 Alarm Systems 10.3.12 Testing Alarm Circuity 10.3.13 Remote Sampling 10.3.14 Equipment Trouble (Malfuction) Al

29、arm . 10.3.15 Detection Range Indication . 10.4 Performance Guidelines . i 0.4.1 Accuracy 10.4.2 Zero Drift 10.4.3 Warm-up Time 10.4.4 Response Time 10.4.5 Operating Humidity Range . 10.4.6 Operating Temperature Range 10.4.7 Interferences 10.4.8 Functional Field Test . 10.4.9 Air Velocity . 10.3.5 S

30、implicity of Operation . 10.4.10 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) . 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 1 i OFFSHORE OPERATIONS . 20 11.1 Introduction 20 11.2 Uniqueness of Offshore Operations . 2

31、0 i 1.3 Federal Regulatory Requirements 20 1 1.4 Contingency Planning 20 V API RP*55 95 E O732290 0543088 491 1 1.5 Simultaneous Operations . 20 12 OPERATIONS INVOLVING ENCLOSED FACILITIES 20 12.1 Introduction 20 12.2 Uniqueness of Operations Involving Enclosed Facilities . 20 12.3 Design Considerat

32、ion . 21 12.4 Fixed Hydrogen Sulfide Monitoring Systems . 21 12.5 Personnel Protection Techniques . 12.6 Warning Signs 22 13 GAS PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS 22 13.1 Introduction 22 13.2 General Considerations 22 13.3 Gas Conditioning Facilities 22 13.4 Materials of Construction 22 13.5 Corrosion Mon

33、itoring 22 13.6 Leak Detection . 22 13.7 Contingency Planning 23 21 APPENDIX A-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE . 25 APPENDIX B-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE 29 HYDROGEN SULFIDE . 31 APPENDIX C-A SCREENING APPROACH TO DISPERSION OF A

34、PPENDIX D-DEFINITION OF A SOUR ENVIRONMENT 39 Figures C-1-Radius of Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Continuous Daytime Hydrogen Sulfide Releases . 32 C-2-Radius of Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Continuous Nighttime Hydrogen Sulfide Releases . 32 C-Radius of Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Instantaneous Daytime Hydr

35、ogen Sulfide Releases . 33 C- 2) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or 3) that may be unnecessary under certain circumstances. Suggested revisions to these recommended practices are invited and should be submitted in writing to: Director, Exploration Safety Requirements for Drillin

36、g Operations in a Hy- drogen Sulfide Environment, Outer Continental Shelf. (February 1976). 11Petroleum Association for Conservation of the Canadian Environment, 12002-275 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada LIFSH9. ZBureau of Mines, U.S. Department of Interior, available from U.S. Gov- ernment P

37、nnting office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Woast Guard, US. Department of Transportation, available from U.S. Government Printing office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 14U.S. Department of Transportation, available from U.S. Government Ainting office, Washington, D.C. 20402. lsMinerals Management Service, U.S

38、. Department of Intenor. 381 Elden Swt, Hemdon, VA 22070-4817. Available from U.S. Government Rinting office. Washington, D.C. 20402. API RP*55 95 0732290 0543092 912 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCING AND GAS PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS INVOLVING HYDROGEN SULFIDE 3 45. OSHA16 46. 47. 4

39、8. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 47 FR 28888, July 1,1982 29 CFR Part 1910.38 29 CFR Part 1910.1 19 29 CFR Part 1910.120 54 FR Pari 9294, March 6,1989 29 CFR Part 191 o. 134 29 CFR Part 191 0.1 46 29 CFR Part 191 0.1 O00 54 FR 2332, January 19,1989 58 FR 35338, June 30,1993 29 CFR Part 1910. i 200 Saf

40、ety Requirements for Drilling Operations in a Hy- drogen Sulfide Environment, Outer Continental She amended by CPL 2-20A CH-1, October 29,1984. 3.3 continuous hydrogen sulfide monitoring equip- ment: Equipment capable of continuously measuring and displaying the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in

41、ambient air. 3.4 emergency response planning guide-level 2: (ERPG-2). The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be ex- posed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could

42、 impair an individuals ability to take protective actions. Refer to Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis; Emer- gency Planning for Extremely Hazardous Substances. 3.5 enclosed facility: A three-dimensional space enclosed by more than two-thirds (*/3) of the possible projected plane surface and of

43、 sufficient size to allow the entry of personnel. For a typical building, this would require that more than two- thirds of the walls, ceiling, and floor be present. Refer to API Recommended Practice SOO. 3.6 essential personnel: Those individuals required to API RP*55 95 I O732290 0543094 775 = RECO

44、MMENDED PRACTICES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCING AND GAS PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS INVOLVING HYDROGEN SULFIDE 5 provide proper and prudent safe operations activities and those required to effect control of the hazardous hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide conditions. 3.7 gas detection instrument: An ass

45、embly of electrical, mechanical, and chemical components designed to sense and respond continuously to the presence of chemical gases in at- mospheric mixtures. 3.8 hydrogen sulfide: Chemical formula is H,S. A flammable, toxic gas that is heavier than air and sometimes found in fluids encountered in

46、 oil and gas producing and gas processing operations. Inhalation at certain concentrations can lead to injury or death. Refer to Appendix A. 3.9 immediately dangerous to life and health: (IDLH). An atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or as- phyxiant substance that poses an immediate t

47、hreat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individuals ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. The National Institute for Occupa- tional Safety 2) that may be impractical under certain circumstances: or 3) that may be unnecessary und

48、er certain circumstances. 3.16 sulfur dioxide: Chemical formula is SO,. A toxic product of .combustion of hydrogen sulfide. This gas is heav- ier than air. Inhalation at certain concentrations can lead to injury or death. Refer to Appendix B. 3.17 threshold limit value: (TLV). The maximum air- borne

49、 concentration of a substance to which, it is believed that, nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effects, as determined by the responsi- ble committees of the American Conference of Governmen- tal Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Refer to “Threshold Limit Values and Biological Indices. “Tiv” is a trademarked term of ACGIH. TLVs are subject to change and users should check the latest edition of the forestated reference. 4 Applicability 4.1 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT PROTECTION In oil and gas producing operations and gas processing plant operations, seve