API RP 10D-2-2004 Recommended Practice for Centralizer Placement and Stop-collar Testing (First Edition)《弓形弹簧铸塑中心化子的规范 第1版.ISO 10427-2通过》.pdf

《API RP 10D-2-2004 Recommended Practice for Centralizer Placement and Stop-collar Testing (First Edition)《弓形弹簧铸塑中心化子的规范 第1版.ISO 10427-2通过》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《API RP 10D-2-2004 Recommended Practice for Centralizer Placement and Stop-collar Testing (First Edition)《弓形弹簧铸塑中心化子的规范 第1版.ISO 10427-2通过》.pdf（26页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Recommended Practice for Centralizer Placement and Stop-collar TestingANSI/API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE10D-2FIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2004REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2015ISO 10427-2:2004 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gas industriesEquipment for well cementingPart 2: Centralizer placement and stop-collar testingS

2、pecial Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train

3、and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal laws. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should b

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9、ld be directed in writing to the Director of the Standards department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should be addressed to the Director, Business Services.

10、 API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and public

11、ation of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standar

12、d. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,

13、 without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Copyright 2004 American Petroleum Institute These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI and API.API Foreword This standard shall become

14、effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date of distribution. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute mak

15、es no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Stan

16、dards referenced herein may be replaced by other international or national standards that can be shown to meet or exceed the requirements of the referenced standard. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the API, Standards Department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, or

17、by email to standardsapi.org. The form in this annex is intended for free exchange between owners/operators of the equipment or users of API RP 10D-2. This American National Standard is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Well Cements, SC10. This standard is considered identical to the

18、 English version of ISO 10427-2. ISO 10427-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries, SC 3 Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-2ii Contents Page API Fo

19、reword . ii Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Methods for estimating centralizer placement 3 4.1 General .3 4.2 Standoff ratio calculation .4 4.3 Buoyed weight of casing 5 4.4 Calculations for centralizer spacing .6 5 Procedure for testing st

20、op collars 9 5.1 General .9 5.2 Apparatus 10 5.3 Test procedure 11 5.4 Reporting of test results 11 Annex A (informative) Documentation of stop-collar test results 12 Bibliography .14 API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-2iii ISO 10427-2:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the

21、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe

22、e has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni

23、cal standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member b

24、odies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying a

25、ny or all such patent rights. ISO 10427-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. This first edition of ISO 10427-2, toget

26、her with ISO 10427-1 and ISO 10427-3, cancels and replaces ISO 10427:1993, which has been technically revised. ISO 10427 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for well cementing: Part 1: Casing bow-spring centralizers Part 2: Centrali

27、zer placement and stop-collar testing Part 3: Performance testing of cementing float equipment API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-2ivISO 10427-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO 10427 is based on API Specification 10D, 5th edition, January 1995 1. In this p

28、art of ISO 10427, where practical, U.S. Customary units are included in brackets for information. API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-2vINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10427-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Petroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for well cementing Part 2: Centralize

29、r placement and stop-collar testing 1 Scope This part of ISO 10427 provides calculations for determining centralizer spacing, based on centralizer performance and desired standoff, in deviated and dogleg holes in wells for the petroleum and natural gas industries. It also provides a procedure for te

30、sting stop collars and reporting test results. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

31、amendments) applies. ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 annular clearance for perfectly centred casing wellbore diameter minus casi

32、ng outside diameter divided by two 3.2 centralizer permanent set change in centralizer bow height after repeated flexing NOTE A bow-spring centralizer is considered to have reached permanent set after being flexed 12 times. 3.3 flexed condition of a bow-spring when a force three times the specified

33、minimum restoring force ( 5 %) has been applied to it ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.1 NOTE Specified minimum restoring force values are found in Table 1 of ISO 10427-1:2001. API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-21ISO 10427-2:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved3.4 holding device device employed to fix

34、 the stop collar or centralizer to the casing EXAMPLE Set screws, nails, mechanical dogs and epoxy resins. ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.2 3.5 holding force maximum force required to initiate slippage of a stop collar on the casing ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.3 3.6 hole size diameter of the wellbore ISO 10427-1:2001

35、3.7 limit clamp equivalent term for a stop collar 3.8 restoring force force exerted by a centralizer against the casing to keep it away from the wellbore wall NOTE Restoring-force values can vary based on the installation methods. ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.5 3.9 rigid centralizer centralizer manufactured

36、with bows, blades or bars that do not flex NOTE Adapted from ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.6. 3.10 running force maximum force required to move a centralizer through a specified wellbore diameter NOTE Running-force values can vary based on the installation methods. ISO 10427-1:2001 3.11 sag point point where

37、the casing deflection is at a maximum NOTE Casing that is supported at two points will tend to sag between the support points, this sag is called the casing sag or casing deflection. 3.12 slippage force range range of forces required to continue to move a stop collar after the holding force has been

38、 overcome API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-22ISO 10427-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 33.13 solid centralizer centralizer manufactured in such a manner as to be a solid device with nonflexible fins or bands NOTE These centralizers have solid bodies and solid blades. 3.14 standoff s

39、mallest distance between the outside diameter of the casing and the wellbore ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.8 3.15 standoff ratio Rsratio of standoff to annular clearance for perfectly centred casing NOTE 1 It is expressed as a percentage. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.9. 3.16 starting force maximum

40、force required to insert a centralizer into a specified wellbore diameter NOTE Starting-force values can vary based on the installation methods. ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.10 3.17 stop collar device attached to the casing to prevent movement of a casing centralizer NOTE A stop collar can be either an indep

41、endent piece of equipment or integral with the centralizer. ISO 10427-1:2001, 3.11 4 Methods for estimating centralizer placement 4.1 General The equations presented below are based on certain assumptions and are considered sufficiently accurate for general use. More specific calculations based on c

42、omplete wellbore data may be available but are beyond the scope of this document. There is no recommendation or requirement for a specific standoff ratio for casing centralization. The standoff ratio of 67 % is used in the specification for the purpose of setting a minimum standard for performance o

43、f casing bow-spring centralizers only. This number is used only in the specifications for bow-spring type centralizers and deals with the minimum force for each size of centralizer at that standoff. The 67 % standoff ratio is not intended to represent the minimum acceptable amount of standoff requir

44、ed to obtain successful centralization of the casing. The user is encouraged to apply the standoff ratio required for specific well conditions based on well requirements and sound engineering judgement. Even a minor change in inclination and/or azimuth, with the string of casing hanging below it, ma

45、terially affects the standoff and the requirements for centralizer placement. API Recommended Practice 10D-2 / ISO 10427-23ISO 10427-2:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedThe lateral load (force) on a centralizer is composed of two components. The first is the weight component of the section of pi

46、pe supported by the centralizer, and the second is the tension component exerted by the pipe hanging below the centralizer. 4.2 Standoff ratio calculation Annular clearance (la) for perfectly centred casing can be calculated as follows (see Figure 1): wpa2D Dl= (1) where lais the annular clearance f

47、or perfectly centred casing, expressed in metres (inches); Dwis the wellbore diameter, expressed in metres (inches); Dpis the casing outside diameter, expressed in metres (inches). The standoff at the centralizer in a given hole size is represented by the symbol Sc(see Figure 1). The standoff at a bow-spring centralizer is taken from the load deflection curve of the centralizer, tested in that hole size, based upon the lateral load applied (see ISO 10427-1:2001, A.1 2). NOTE Differences in h