API RP 10B-5-2005 Recommended Practice on Determination of Shrinkage and Expansion of Well Cement Formulations at Atmospheric Pressure (First Edition)《常压下水泥配方中的收缩与扩张测定推荐作法.第1版.ISO .pdf

《API RP 10B-5-2005 Recommended Practice on Determination of Shrinkage and Expansion of Well Cement Formulations at Atmospheric Pressure (First Edition)《常压下水泥配方中的收缩与扩张测定推荐作法.第1版.ISO .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《API RP 10B-5-2005 Recommended Practice on Determination of Shrinkage and Expansion of Well Cement Formulations at Atmospheric Pressure (First Edition)《常压下水泥配方中的收缩与扩张测定推荐作法.第1版.ISO .pdf（24页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Recommended Practice on Determination of Shrinkage and Expansion of Well Cement Formulations at Atmospheric PressureANSI/API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 10B-5FIRST EDITION, APRIL 2005REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2015ISO 10426-5:2003 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gas industriesCements and materials for well cemen

2、tingPart 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressureSpecial Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. API is

3、 not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal laws. Information concerning sa

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5、by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. Generally, API standards are revie

6、wed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been g

7、ranted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards department telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications, programs and services is published annually and updated biannually by API, and available through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Invern

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9、standard or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of the Standards department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate

10、 all or any part of the material published herein should be addressed to the Director, Business Services. API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound eng

11、ineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of

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13、ieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Copyright 2005 American Petroleum Institute Thes

14、e materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO, ANSI and API.API Foreword This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date of distribution. Standards referenced herein may be replaced by other international or national standards that

15、 can be shown to meet or exceed the requirements of the referenced standard. This American National Standard is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Well Cements Sc10. This standard is considered identical to the English version of ISO 10426-5:2004. ISO 10426-5 was prepared by Technical

16、 Committee ISO/TC 67, SC 3 drilling completion and well cements. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or gu

17、arantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and shoul

18、d be submitted to API, Standards department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO 10426-5ii Contents Page API Foreword ii Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Sampling . 2 5 Determinat

19、ion of shrinkage or expansion under conditions of free access of water at atmospheric pressure Annular ring test 2 6 Determination of bulk shrinkage or expansion under impermeable condition and atmospheric pressure Membrane test 9 Bibliography 13 API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO 10426-5iii ISO 1

20、0426-5:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each mem

21、ber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El

22、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards ado

23、pted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pat

24、ent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10426-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion flu

25、ids, and well cements. ISO 10426 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing: Part 1: Specification Part 2: Testing of well cements Part 3: Testing of deepwater well cement formulations Part 4: Preparation and

26、 testing of foamed cement slurries at atmospheric pressure Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO 10426-5ivISO 10426-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction Dimensional changes in oil- and

27、 gas-well cements after placement, phenomena often referred to as shrinkage, (when the dimensional change corresponds to a decrease in cement volume) have often been used to explain various wellbore phenomena including a microannulus, leading to a bad bond as demonstrated by the bond log; interzonal

28、 communication, resulting in costly remedial operations; lack of a hydraulic seal when utilizing cement inflatable packers. Attempts have been made to find additives that decrease cement shrinkage (shrinkage being a fundamental characteristic of Portland cement) The best solution for shrinkage thus

29、far has been the identification of additives that favour the expansion of the cement. However, even if cement expands dimensionally, it will still shrink internally. In this case, the bulk expansion of the cement sample is simply superimposed on an inner shrinkage that will affect the porosity of th

30、e sample. Shrinkage and expansion in cement result from the formation of hydration products having a density different from the compounded density of the reaction components. This can result in the following: change in pore volume; change in pore pressure; change in sample dimensions; change in inte

31、rnal stress. In a closed cell with a non-deformable boundary, the volume of hydrates produced during the chemical reaction is less than the volume of dry compounds plus water. The change in volume of hydrates will be referred to as inner hydration shrinkage. The change in the sample dimensions will

32、be referred to as bulk shrinkage or expansion. Bulk shrinkage and expansion of cement refer to the result of the measurement of linear dimensional change or volume change. The volume to which all volume changes are related is the volume of the slurry immediately after mixing and emplacement in the e

33、xperimental equipment. In this part of ISO 10426, units are given as SI, and where practical, U.S. Customary units are included in brackets for information. Users of this part of ISO 10426 should be aware that further or differing requirements might be needed for individual applications. This part o

34、f ISO 10426 is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This can be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the

35、vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details. This part of ISO 10426 is based on API Technical Report 10TR 21. API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO 10426-5vINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10426-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Petroleum and natural gas

36、 industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure 1 Scope This part of ISO 10426 provides the methods for the testing of well cement formulations to determine the dimension changes during the curi

37、ng process (cement hydration) at atmospheric pressure only. This is a base document, because under real well cementing conditions shrinkage and expansion take place under pressure and different boundary conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the a

38、pplication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 10426-2:2003, Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 2: Testing

39、 of well cements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bulk expansion increase in the external volume or dimensions of a cement sample 3.2 bulk shrinkage decrease in the external volume or dimensions of a cement sample 3.3 hydration

40、 shrinkage difference in the volume between the hydration products and the volume of the dry cement, additives and water API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO 10426-51ISO 10426-5:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved4 Sampling 4.1 General Samples of the neat cement or cement blend, solid and liquid

41、additives, and mixing water are required to test a slurry according to this part of ISO 10426. Accordingly, the best available sampling technology should be employed to ensure the laboratory test conditions and materials match as closely as possible those found at the wellsite. Some commonly used sa

42、mpling devices are shown in ISO 10426-2:2003, Figure 1. 4.2 Method Applicable sampling techniques for the fluids and materials used are specified in ISO 10426-2:2003, Clause 4. 5 Determination of shrinkage or expansion under conditions of free access of water at atmospheric pressure Annular ring tes

43、t 5.1 General information The annular expansion mould is a device suitable for measuring only the linear bulk shrinkage or expansion properties of a cement formulation. The magnitude of expansion depends on the amount of expanding agent, cement powder, slurry design and curing condition (pressure, t

44、emperature, time, fluid access). It should be noted that expansion is strongly affected by boundary conditions. The chemical process of mineral growth is strongly controlled by the state of stress and mineral growth will tend to occur where the stress value is the lowest, i.e. in pore space or empty

45、 spaces. Therefore, the degree of cement shrinkage and expansion is dependent on a number of conditions, not all of which can be uniquely defined. The test does not represent fully the annulus of a well. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 Mould 5.2.1.1 General Use corrosion-resistant material (e.g. stainless steel

46、). The outer diameter (OD) of the inner ring shall be 50,8 mm (2 in) and the inner diameter (ID) of the outer expansion ring shall be 88,9 mm (3,5 in). See Figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1 Typical mould assembly (top view) Figure 2 Typical mould assembly (side view) API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO

47、10426-52ISO 10426-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3Dimensions in millimetres (inches) a) Base b) Lid c) Internal ring d) Annular ring mould e) External ring f) Spacer block Figure 3 Schema of typical mould assembly parts API Recommended Practice 10B-5 / ISO 10426-53ISO 10426-5:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved5.2.1.2 Mould calibration The resilience of the ring of the mould shall be calibrated annually. The resilience shall be such that the mass of 1 000 g 1 g (2