BS PD ISO TR 17755-2014 Fire safety Overview of national fire statistics practices《防火安全 全国火灾统计实践概述》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TR 17755:2014 Fire safety Overview of national fire statistics practicesPD ISO/TR 17755:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 17755:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

2、 Committee FSH/9, Fire terminology. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Ins

3、titution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 83763 0 ICS 13.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014. Amend

4、ments/corrigenda issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dPD ISO/TR 17755:2014 ISO 2014 Fire safety Overview of national fire statistics practices Scurit incendie Aperu gnral sur les pratiques nationales de collecte de donnes sur les incendies TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17755 First edition

5、2014-04-15 Reference number ISO/TR 17755:2014(E)PD ISO/TR 17755:2014ISO/TR 17755:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any mea

6、ns, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva

7、 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TR 17755:2014ISO/TR 17755:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Methods of estimation (Questions 1-3) 1 1.1 Summary comments on method

8、s of estimation 1 1.2 Methods of estimation by country . 1 2 Fires subject to reporting (Question 4) 3 2.1 Summary comments on fires subject to reporting 3 2.2 Fires subject to reporting by country 3 3 Fire deaths subject to reporting (Question 5) . 5 3.1 Summary comments on fire deaths subject to r

9、eporting . 5 3.2 Fire deaths subject to reporting by country 6 4 Fire injuries subject to reporting (Question 6) 8 4.1 Summary comments on fire injuries subject to reporting 8 4.2 Fire injuries subject to reporting by country 8 5 Victim characteristics (Question 12) .10 5.1 Summary comments on victi

10、m characteristics 10 5.2 Recording of victim characteristics, by country 10 6 Property damage subject to reporting (Question 7) 25 6.1 Summary comments on property damage subject to reporting .25 6.2 Property damage subject to reporting by country 25 7 Other losses subject to reporting (Question 8)

11、.29 7.1 Summary comments on other losses subject to reporting 29 7.2 Other losses subject to reporting by country 29 8 Location of fire (Question 9) .31 8.1 Summary comments on location of fire .31 8.2 Location of fire by country .31 9 Type of construction (Question 11b/first entry) 51 9.1 Summary c

12、omments on type of construction .51 9.2 Recording of type of construction, by country .51 10 Other fire characteristics (Question 14).53 10.1 Summary comments on selected other fire characteristics 53 10.2 Recording of building height and other building characteristics, by country .53 11 Deliberatel

13、y set fires and playing with fire (Questions 10a/first entry, 10b, and 10c/ first entry) 54 11.1 Summary comments on estimation of deliberate fires and fireplay fires .54 11.2 Recording of deliberate fires and fireplay incidents, by country55 12 Natural cause (Questions 10a/second entry) .60 12.1 Su

14、mmary comments on estimation of natural cause fires .60 12.2 Recording of natural cause fires, by country 60 13 Exposure (Questions 10a/third entry) 61 13.1 Summary comments on estimation of exposure fires .61 13.2 Recording of exposure fires, by country 61 14 Heat sources Cigarettes and other smoki

15、ng materials, including lighting implements (Questions 10a/third entry and 10c/second, third, thirteenth and fourteenth entries) 62 14.1 Summary comments on estimation of fires started by cigarettes or other smoking materials, including lighting implements .62 14.2 Recording of cigarette or other sm

16、oking material or lighting implement fires, by country 63PD ISO/TR 17755:2014ISO/TR 17755:2014(E)iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved 15 Equipment involved in ignition Heating and cooling equipment (Questions 10a/fifth entry and 10c/fourth and fifth entries).66 15.1 Summary comments on estimation of fire

17、s involving heating or cooling equipment .66 15.2 Recording of heating and cooling fires, by country 66 16 Equipment involved in ignition Cooking and other kitchen equipment (Questions 10a/ fifth entry and 10c/sixth and seventh entries) 69 16.1 Summary comments on estimation of fires involving cooki

18、ng or other kitchen equipment 69 16.2 Recording of cooking and other kitchen equipment fires, by country 70 17 Equipment involved in ignition . Clothes dryer (Questions 10a/fifth entry and 10c/ twelfth entry) 73 17.1 Summary comments on estimation of fires involving clothes dryers 73 17.2 Recording

19、of clothes dryer fires, by country 74 18 Equipment involved in ignition . Entertainment equipment (Questions 10a/fifth entry and 10c/tenth entry) 75 18.1 Summary comments on estimation of fires involving entertainment equipment.75 18.2 Recording of entertainment equipment fires, by country 75 19 Equ

20、ipment involved in ignition Office equipment (Questions 10a/fifth entry and 10c/ eleventh entry) 77 19.1 Summary comments on estimation of fires involving office equipment .77 19.2 Recording of office equipment fires, by country .78 20 Other characteristics of fires related to cause of ignition (Que

21、stions 10a/fifth through tenth entries and 10c/eighth and ninth entries) .79 20.1 Summary comments on estimation of other characteristics of fires 79 20.2 Recording of other characteristics of fires, by country .80 21 Sprinklers and other extinguishing equipment (Question 11a/first entry) 112 21.1 S

22、ummary comments on sprinklers and other extinguishing equipment.112 21.2 Recording of sprinklers and other extinguishing equipment, by country.112 22 Detection and alarm equipment (Question 11a/second entry) 117 22.1 Summary comments on detection and alarm equipment .117 22.2 Recording of detection

23、and alarm equipment, by country .117 23 Fire extinguishers and other manual extinguishing equipment (Question 11a/ third entry) 124 23.1 Summary comments on fire extinguishers and other manual extinguishing equipment 124 23.2 Recording of fire extinguishers and other manual extinguishing equipment,

24、by country .125 24 Smoke management and control equipment (Question 11a/fourth entry) 126 24.1 Summary comments on smoke management and control equipment .126 24.2 Recording of smoke management and control equipment, by country .127 25 Fire doors, fire walls and other elements of compartmentation (Q

25、uestion 11b/ second entry) 127 25.1 Summary comments on fire doors, fire walls and other elements of compartmentation 127 25.2 Recording of fire doors, fire walls, and other elements of compartmentation, by country .127 Annex A (informative) Survey Instrument: ISO/TC 92/WG 8 survey National definiti

26、ons and practices Data collection regarding incidents of fire .130 Annex B (informative) References and Resources 139 Annex C (informative) Additional Detail on Coding in Japan .140PD ISO/TR 17755:2014ISO/TR 17755:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwi

27、de federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on tha

28、t committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this docu

29、ment and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directiv

30、es, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the developme

31、nt of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO spe

32、cific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety.

33、ISO 2014 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TR 17755:2014ISO/TR 17755:2014(E) Introduction This Technical Report assembles data on national fire statistics practices. Such practices are highly relevant to the estimation of model parameters in standards developed by ISO/TC 92. In the absence of any proposal

34、s for international standards on such practices, it is useful to ISO/TC 92 to have an overview of existing practices and their implications for existing fire statistical data. This Technical Report is an overview of national fire statistics practices. A general call was issued to all nations partici

35、pating in ISO/TC 92, and 10 countries completed a survey instrument prepared and distributed by TG1 of ISO/TC 92, WG 8: Australia Canada China France Japan Kenya (Republic of) Korea Russia United Kingdom USA The survey instrument is included as Annex A. In this Technical Report, the analysis is orga

36、nized into four sections: Basic Aspects of Data Collection and Analysis (Clauses 1 to 7) General Characteristics of Fires (Clauses 8 to 10) Characteristics Related to Cause of Ignition (Clauses 11 to 20) Characteristics Related to Mitigation of Fire Severity (Clauses 21 to 25) There is no analysis o

37、f Question 11c on three types of equipment used by fire departments (fire brigades), because there were too few responses for any meaningful analysis. There is no Question 13 due to a numbering error. There is no analysis of Question 15, which contained two general questions inviting uncoded respons

38、es on matters not covered in the survey. Annex B is reserved for references, including published coding manuals for fire reporting for those nations that publish such manuals and websites providing national statistics and related analyses for many countries.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TR 1

39、7755:2014TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17755:2014(E) Fire safety Overview of national fire statistics practices 1 Methods of estimation (Questions 1-3) 1.1 Summary comments on methods of estimation Only two countries Japan and the U.S.A. reported use of statistical projection in addition to counting. The

40、survey did not ask how statistical projection is used. Fire statistics based on the national fire database are used for Annual Report of Fire Statistics and White Book on Fire Service annually in Japan. All other countries treat their database as a census, but it is not known whether any of these co

41、untries calculate or publish the percentage completeness of their database (for example, by calculating the percentage of total national population represented by reporting jurisdictions). In the U.S.A., the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) is voluntary and is known to fall well short

42、 of complete capture. Accordingly, tallies based on counting are projected to “national estimates” by statistical projection, using a second database that is based on a statistically valid stratified random sample survey. An option used in the U.S.A. for a national non-fire-related incident database

43、 may be useful in other countries that do not want to shift to U.S.A.-style statistical projection for all statistics. The national crime database, maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), is translated into statistics almost entirely by counting alone. However, for each major crime,

44、 there is also a calculation of the crime rate relative to population, based on the combined population of reporting jurisdictions, and the percentage of national population reporting is also reported. 1.2 Methods of estimation by country Table 1 provides a summary of national responses on methods o

45、f estimation. Table 1 Methods of estimation, by country Australia The Australian Incident Reporting System (AIRS) is based on separate reports on each incident requiring a response by a fire brigade. There is a national standard for coding of incidents, overseen by the National Data Management Group

46、. All fire brigades are participants, and all are required to report on all incidents regard- less of size of loss or other characteristics; therefore, the design is a census and there is no adjustment for missing data. Not all fire services in Australia contribute to the national database. Of the f

47、ire services that do contribute, some do not include responses from the rural component of their service. Also, not all fires that occur in the community are included in the AIRS National Database. Analysis is by counting only. Most reports are completed by firefighters who lack extensive training i

48、n fire investigation and who obtain most of their information from non-professionals such as the owners and occupants of places where fire occurred. Canada Canadas databases begin as individual-incident databases at the local fire department level. Data may be aggregated before passing from provinci

49、al level to national level. The national level is a council of provincial fire commissioners. There is no mention of any adjustments for missing fire departments or other missing data. There is no mention of an incident-spe- cific database at the national level. Analysis is by counting only. All or nearly all reports are completed by firefighters who lack extensive training in fire investigation. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TR 17755:2014ISO/TR 17755:2014(E) China Chinas databases begin as individual