BS PD CEN TR 14788-2006 Ventilation for buildings — Design and dimensioning of residential ventilation systems《建筑物的通风 住宅通风系统的设计和尺寸规格》.pdf

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1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 14788:2006 Ventilation for buildings Design and dimensioning of residential ventilation systems ICS 91.140.30 PD CEN/TR 14788:2006 This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580

2、48432 7 National foreword This Published Document is the official English language version of CEN/TR 14788:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/2, Ventilation for buildings, heating and hot water services, which has the responsibility to: A list of o

3、rganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Cor

4、respondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does

5、not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European development

6、s and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TR title page, pages 2 to 61 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication

7、Amd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICALREPORT RAPPORTTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHERBERICHT CEN/TR14788 March2006 ICS91.140.30 EnglishVersion VentilationforbuildingsDesignanddimensioningofresidential ventilationsystems VentilationdesbtimentsConceptionet dimensionnementdessystmesdeventilationrsidentiels LftungvonGebud

8、enAusfhrungundBemessungder LftungssystemevonWohnungen ThisTechnicalReportwasapprovedbyCENon30January2006.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC156. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Irel

9、and,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2006CEN Allr

10、ightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TR14788:2006:E2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 References4 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and units.6 5 Need for ventilation in dwellings (residences) .6 6 Design assumptions for residential venti

11、lation9 7 Performance requirements for ventilation systems.10 8 Design rules for residential ventilation systems22 9 Specification and documentation 27 Annex A (informative) Residential pollutant production rates .28 Annex B (informative) The relationship between humidity and temperature and use of

12、the psychrometric chart 31 Annex C (informative) Method of calculating water vapour absorption effect .33 Annex D (informative) Residential ventilation systems and their interaction with the dwelling.35 Annex E (informative) Calculation methods for ventilation requirements 40 Annex F (informative) E

13、xamples of assumptions and resulting calculated values for ventilation air flow rates 43 Annex G (informative) Noise 52 Annex H (informative) Nomograph for calculating air flow rate to reduce the risk of surface condensation occurring on the inner wall surface for various wall U-values and ambient a

14、ir conditions.59 Bibliography 61 CEN/TR 14788:20063 Foreword This Technical Report (CEN/TR 14788:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation of buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TR 14788:20064 1 Scope This Technical Report specifies recommendations f

15、or the performance and design of ventilation systems which serve single family, multi family and apartment type dwellings during both summer and winter. It is of particular interest to architects, designers, builders and those involved with implementing national, regional and local regulations and s

16、tandards. Four basic ventilation strategies are covered; natural ventilation, fan assisted supply air ventilation, fan assisted exhaust air ventilation and fan assisted balanced air ventilation. Combinations of these systems are not excluded and a ventilation system may serve only one dwelling (indi

17、vidual system) or more than one dwelling (central system). The ventilation aspects of combined systems (ventilation with heating and/or cooling) are covered. The ventilation of garages, common spaces, roof voids, sub-floor voids, wall cavities and other spaces in the structure, under, over or around

18、 the living space are not covered. Ventilation systems covered by this Technical Report may affect the entry and dilution of radon and other gases from the ground but these effects are not covered in this Technical Report. Ventilation systems designed to reduce the entry of radon and other gases fro

19、m the ground are not covered by this Technical Report. 2 References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Report. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includin

20、g any amendments) applies. EN 779, Particulate air filters for general ventilation Determination of the filtration performance EN 1507, Ventilation for buildings Sheet metal air ducts with rectangular section Requirements for strength and leakage ENV 12097, Ventilation for buildings Ductwork Require

21、ments for ductwork components to facilitate maintenance of ductwork systems EN 12236, Ventilation for buildings Ductwork hangers and supports Requirements for strength EN 12237, Ventilation for buildings Ductwork Strength and leakage of circular sheet metal ducts EN 12792:2003, Ventilation for build

22、ings Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols EN 13141-1, Ventilation for buildings Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation Part 1: Externally and internally mounted air transfer devices EN 13465, Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the determination of

23、 air flow rates in dwellings EN 14134, Ventilation for buildings Performance testing and installation checks of residential ventilation systems EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings Performance requirements for ventilation and room conditioning systems EN 20140-10, Acoustics Measuremen

24、t of sound insulation in building and building elements Part 10: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of small building elements (ISO 140-10:1991) EN ISO 140-3, Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne s

25、ound insulation of building elements (ISO 140-3:1995) EN ISO 10211-1, Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flow and surface temperatures Part 1: General calculation method (ISO 10211-1:1995) CEN/TR 14788:20065 ISO 9972, Thermal insulation Determination of building airtightness Fan pressuriz

26、ation method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 activity room room used for activities such as cooking, washing and bathing which is characterised by relatively high pollutant emission (whic

27、h may be intermittent), e.g. a kitchen, bathroom, laundry/utility room, WC 3.2 background pollutants group of indoor pollutants mainly represented by water vapour and carbon dioxide from respiration, but also including a large number of other pollutants emitted by materials, furnishings and products

28、 used in the dwelling. Their source rates are relatively low but continuous and diffuse 3.3 common space corridor, stairway or atrium used for access to a dwelling or dwellings 3.4 cross ventilation (in a natural ventilation system) natural ventilation in which air flow mainly results from wind pres

29、sure effects on the building facades and in which stack effect in the building is of less importance 3.5 fan assisted balanced ventilation ventilation which employs powered air movement components in both the supply and exhaust air sides in order to achieve a design flow rate/pressure ratio EN 12792

30、:2003, 149 3.6 fan assisted exhaust air ventilation ventilation which employs powered air movement components in the exhaust air side only EN 12792:2003, 150 3.7 fan assisted supply air ventilation ventilation which employs powered air movement components in the supply air side only EN 12792:2003, 1

31、54 3.8 low pollution room room used for dwelling purposes which is characterised by relatively low pollution emission, e.g. a bedroom, living room, dining room, study, but not a space used only for storage 3.9 outdoor air controlled air entering the system or opening from outdoors before any air tre

32、atment (coded green) EN 12792:2003, 280 CEN/TR 14788:20066 3.10 natural ventilation system ventilation system which relies on pressure differences without the aid of powered air movement components 3.11 specific pollutants group of indoor pollutants mainly represented by water vapour, carbon dioxide

33、 and odours, whose production is related to specific human activities in the dwelling (such as cooking, washing, bathing). Their source rates are relatively high but of short duration, and in specific locations in the dwelling 3.12 stack effect movement of air or gas in a vertical enclosure (e.g. du

34、ct, chimney, building) induced by density difference between the air or gas in the enclosure and the ambient atmosphere 3.13 standard air atmospheric air having density 1,2 kg . m -3at 20 C, 101 325 Pa (1 013,25 mbar) and 65 % relative humidity EN 12792:2003, 340 3.14 ventilation designed supply and

35、 removal of air to and from a treated space EN 12792:2003, 388 3.15 ventilation flow rate volume flow rate at which ventilation air is supplied and removed EN 12792:392 NOTE Normally uses standard air condition. 3.16 ventilation installation combination of the ventilation or air conditioning install

36、ation and the building itself 3.17 ventilation system combination of all components required to provide ventilation NOTE The definitions 3.16 and 3.17 are the reverse of those given in EN 12792 and reflect the terms in more common usage in the industry. 4 Symbols and units For the purpose of this Te

37、chnical Report, the symbols and units given in EN 12792:2003 apply. 5 Need for ventilation in dwellings (residences) 5.1 General A supply of outdoor air in buildings is normally regarded as being required for one or more of the following purposes: CEN/TR 14788:20067 a) dilution and/or removal of bac

38、kground pollutants such as substances emitted by furnishings and building materials and cleaning materials used in the building, odours, metabolic CO 2and water vapour; b) dilution and/or removal of specific pollutants from identifiable local sources such as toilet odours, cooking odours, water vapo

39、ur from cooking or bathing, environmental tobacco smoke, combustion products from fuel burning appliances; c) provision for occupants for respiration; d) control of internal humidity; e) provision of air for fuel burning appliances. These purposes are all with regard to the health of the occupants a

40、nd the building. Ventilation is primarily concerned with the first four purposes (a) to d) but it is linked to the last one (e). In providing ventilation it is important to also consider other aspects of performance including thermal comfort, durability, fire safety, noise and energy use. 5.2 Compos

41、ition of outside air The proportions of the three main elements of outside air, oxygen (20,9 %), nitrogen (79,0 %) and carbon dioxide (0,034 %) do not vary significantly in outside air. Carbon dioxide may be found at higher concentrations in built-up areas and may be high enough to affect ventilatio

42、n provision. The main variable constituent of outside air is water vapour. Across Europe the typical specific moisture ranges from 1,0 g up to 16 g moisture per kg dry air during yearly weather conditions (see Annex B for further information). However, in some situations the concentrations of other

43、outdoor pollutants (mainly pollutants from motor vehicles in city areas) may reach unacceptable levels. The designer may wish to consider filtration of outdoor air by adding filters to the ventilation system. At present it is generally only practicable to provide filters for particulate matter. 5.3

44、Dilution and removal of indoor pollutants A wide range of airborne pollutants is generated by sources within dwellings, including gases, vapours, tobacco smoke, biologically inert particulates (e.g. dusts and fibres) and viable particulates (e.g. fungal spores, viruses and bacteria). Such pollutants

45、 may have the potential to harm the health or comfort of occupants or may lead to damage to the dwelling fabric. Indoor pollutants may be divided into three groups: specific pollutants which can be substantially removed by local ventilation close to identifiable local sources; background pollutants

46、which have diffuse sources or for other reasons cannot be dealt with by local ventilation; and combustion products from fuel burning appliances (combustion products are discussed in 5.6 and 7.3). Production rates of pollutants are best known (or predicable) where the source is combustion or where th

47、e pollutant results from the presence or activities of occupants. Production rates are less well defined where the source is related to the fabric or furnishings of the dwelling. At present there is no consistent approach to setting acceptable indoor concentrations for many of the diverse source pol

48、lutants in dwellings, however, in the general case they are believed to be adequately removed by ventilation for those few pollutants whose source rates and acceptable levels are known. The known pollutants are discussed in the following subclauses. 5.4 Human respiration The body requires oxygen for the production of energy at a rate proportional to metabolic rate. However, the main limiting factor is not the supply of oxygen but the build-up of water vapour and carbon dioxide in expired air, whose production rates from human respiration are given in Annex A. CEN/TR 14788:2006