BS ISO 6107-7-2006 en_3038 Water quality - Vocabulary - Part 7《水质.词汇.第7部分》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 6107-7:2006 BS 6068-1.7:2006 Water quality Vocabulary Part 7: ICS 01.040.13; 13.060.01 BS ISO 6107-7:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 48542 0 National foreword This

2、British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 6107-7:2006 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6068-1.7:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, which has the responsibility to: A list of organiza

3、tions represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”,

4、 or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer

5、immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them

6、 in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendment

7、s issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 6107-7:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6107-7 Third edition 2006-05-15 Water quality Vocabulary Part 7 BS ISO 6107-7:2006ii iii Contents Page Foreword. iv Introduction v Scope.1 Terms and definitions2 Bibliography . 12 Alphabet

8、ical index 14 BS ISO 6107-7:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body in

9、terested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechni

10、cal Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the

11、 technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.

12、 ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6107-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6107-7:1997), of which it constitutes a minor re

13、vision. The new term “confidence interval” has been added. ISO 6107 consists of a series of nine parts, under the general title Water quality Vocabulary. The first eight parts do not have individual part titles but the ninth part is an index of the first eight parts and is entitled: Part 9: Alphabet

14、ical list and subject index BS ISO 6107-7:2006vIntroduction The definitions in any part or edition of ISO 6107 are not necessarily identical to those in the standards concerned, or to those in standard scientific text books or dictionaries. These definitions have been formulated for technical purpos

15、es, as well as for the understanding and benefit of the non-expert in the field. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the definitions are technically correct, they may not include all the details covered by the definitions in the standards. Language and expressions may not always be in

16、 line with strict scientific nomenclature. The definitions in this vocabulary are, therefore, not intended for purposes such as legal proceedings and contractual specifications. ISO 6107 is restricted to definitions for selected terms which appear in International Standards of ISO/TC 147, Water qual

17、ity. BS ISO 6107-7:2006blank1 Water quality Vocabulary Part 7 Scope This part of ISO 6107 defines terms used in certain fields of water quality characterization. NOTE In addition to the terms and definitions in three of the official ISO languages (English, French and Russian), this part of ISO 6107

18、gives the equivalent terms and their definitions in the German language; these are published under the responsibility of the member bodies of Germany (DIN), Austria (ON) and Switzerland (SNV). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and

19、definitions. BS ISO 6107-7:20062 Terms and definitions 1 aerobic sludge digestion biological process whereby primary, activated or co- settled sludges are partially oxidized by prolonged aeration, largely accomplished by endogenous respiration and predator activity 2 algae large group of single- or

20、many-celled organisms, including so-called cyanobacteria, which usually contain chlorophyll or other pigments NOTE Algae are usually aquatic and capable of photosynthesis. 3 antagonism decrease in intensity of an effect (chemical or biological) by one substance or organism, due to the presence of an

21、other substance or organism NOTE The combined effect is less than the additive effects of the separate substances or organisms. 4 bacteria large group of microscopic, metabolically active, single-cell organisms with dispersed (not discrete) nucleus, mostly free-living, and usually multiplying by bin

22、ary fission 5 bacteriological sample sample taken aseptically in a sterile container and suitably preserved and handled for bacteriological examination BS ISO 6107-7:200636 bacteriophages group of particular viral agents whose life cycle occurs in specific bacterial hosts NOTE See also viruses (49).

23、 7 benthic region generally the lowest region of a water body, including sediments and a bedrock layer, where living organ- isms are present NOTE See also ISO 6107-1. 8 black water waste water and excreta from water closets, excluding water from baths, showers, handbasins and sinks 9 catchment area

24、gathering ground area draining naturally to a water course or to a given point ISO 6107-3:1993 10 coliform organisms total coliform organisms group of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram- negative, non-spore-forming, lactose-fermenting bac- teria which typically inhabit the large intestine of m

25、an and animals NOTE 1 See also ISO 9308-1. NOTE 2 Generally, apart from E. coli, many of them are able to survive and multiply in the natural environment. 11 confidence interval range of values within which the measured or calculated value is likely to be present within a stated level of confidence,

26、 for example 95 % BS ISO 6107-7:2006412 enterococci faecal enterococci group of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram- positive bacteria which normally inhabit the large intestine of man and warm-blooded animals; they possess the Lancefields Group D antigen, are catalase-negative, capable of grow

27、th at 45 C, and of hydrolysing aesculin, in the presence of 40 % bile salts, and 4-methylumbelliferyl-b-D-glucoside (MUD), in the presence of thallium acetate and nalidixic acid NOTE 1 See also ISO 7899-1 and ISO 7899-2. NOTE 2 In aquatic environments, the group mainly consists of the species Entero

28、coccus faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans and E. hirae. These species fail to multiply in most natural environments, but may survive longer than Escherichia coli. Therefore, their presence in water, even in the absence of E. coli, usually indicates faecal pollution. 13 Escherichia coli E. coli aerobic

29、and facultatively anaerobic faecal coliform organism (14) which ferments lactose or mannitol with the production of both acid and gas, produces indole from tryptophan, and hydrolyses 4-methyl- umbelliferyl-b-D-glucuronide (MUG), all at 44 C NOTE 1 See also ISO 9308-1 and ISO 9308-2. NOTE 2 Its norma

30、l habitat is the large intestine of man and warm-blooded animals, and it is usually not able to multiply in aquatic environments. The presence of E. coli in water does, therefore, indicate recent faecal pollution. 14 faecal coliform organisms thermotolerant coliform organisms coliform organisms (10)

31、 which can grow and which have the same fermentative and biochemical properties at 44 C as they have at 37 C See Escherichia coli (13). NOTE See also ISO 9308-1 and ISO 9308-2. BS ISO 6107-7:20065 15 faecal streptococci various aerobic and facultatively anaerobic species of streptococci which posses

32、s Lancefields Group D antigen and which normally inhabit the large intestine of man and/or animals NOTE Their presence in water, even in the absence of E. coli, indicates faecal pollution. 16 filter run length of time between one back-washing and the next in a filter 17 freshet comparatively high ra

33、te of flow of fresh water of short duration in a stream, resulting from heavy rainfall or rapid snow melt 18 freshwater limit point of an estuary beyond which sea water does not usually penetrate under specified tidal and hydrological conditions 19 F-specific RNA bacteriophages bacteriophages (6) ca

34、pable of infecting specific strains of host bacteria which have F- or sex-pili (fertility fimbriae) NOTE 1 See also ISO 10705-1. NOTE 2 These viruses commonly kill the host bacteria, demonstrated by the appearance of plaques (clearance zones) in confluent lawns of the host grown under appropriate cu

35、lture conditions. Infection and the production of plaques is inhibited by the presence of appropriate concentrations of the enzyme RNase in the plating medium. BS ISO 6107-7:2006620 fungi large group of heterotrophic organisms which usually form spores and have well-defined nuclei, but lack photosyn

36、thetic material such as chlorophyll NOTE Yeasts are single-celled fungi which reproduce by budding. Other fungi are multicellular and filamentous, for example, Fusarium species which cause ponding on biological filters, and Geotrichum species, which cause bulking of activated sludge. 21 grey water s

37、ullage waste water from household baths and showers, handbasins and kitchen sinks but excluding waste water and excreta from water closets 22 hard detergent detergent containing a surface-active agent, which is resistant to primary biodegradation, and whose surfactant properties are not substantiall

38、y reduced in the biological treatment of sewage 23 leachate water which has percolated through tipped refuse or other specified permeable material 24 luminescent bacteria group of bacteria capable of transforming into light a specified portion of energy released by metabolism NOTE See also ISO 11348

39、. 25 mesophilic microorganism microorganism whose optimum temperature for growth lies between about 20 C and 45 C BS ISO 6107-7:2006726 methaemoglobinaemia condition of the blood which occurs in infancy due to methaemoglobin excess when nitrites, formed in the gut mainly by bacterial reduction of in

40、gested nitrates, become attached to haemoglobin, and interfere with oxygen uptake and transport, thus causing cyanosis27 nitrogen cycle bacteria those bacteria which are involved in the nitrogen cycle NOTE See also nitrogen cycle in ISO 6107-3. 28 odour threshold minimum level of odour detectable by

41、 the olfactory senses of a panel of judges NOTE There is no absolute value for odour threshold due to the inherent variability in individual olfactory sensitivity, but a value is estimated by serially diluting a sample with odour-free water until the odour is just not detectable. 29 oligosaprobic de

42、scription of the zone in running water where miner- alization is complete NOTE The zone has abundant dissolved oxygen and can support a wide range of plants and animals, primarily photoautotrophic plants and oxygenous animals. 30 oxidation-reduction potential redox potential ORP electrical potential

43、 between an electrode of an inert metal, such as platinum, or of carbon, and the standard hydrogen electrode NOTE The more positive the potential, the more oxidizing the environment, and the more negative the potential, the more reducing the environment. BS ISO 6107-7:20068 31 oxygen sag curve curve

44、 resulting from plotting the concentration of dissolved oxygen against distance or time of flow in a river downstream from a source of pollution that has an oxygen demand 32 photoautotrophic bacteria bacteria which obtain their energy from light, and whose sole source of carbon is inorganic, such as

45、 CO 233 preliminary treatment sewage removal or disintegration of gross sewage solids and the removal of grit NOTE It can include the removal of grease and oil from sewage prior to sedimentation and pre-aeration and neutralization. 34 primary treatment sewage stage of treatment usually involving the

46、 removal of the bulk of solids capable of settling NOTE In the case of sewage, it follows immediately after preliminary treatment. 35 pulse dose almost instantaneous addition of a known quantity of tracer chemical or reagent to flowing water, for example, by up-ending a container 36 respiration exch

47、ange of gases between an organism and its environment resulting from the oxidation of substrate with the release of energy NOTE It may be accomplished either aerobically or anaerobically. BS ISO 6107-7:20069 37 Salmonella species salmonellae genus of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic rod- shaped G

48、ram-negative, non-spore-forming, oxidase- negative enteric bacteria which fail to ferment lactose NOTE 1 See also ISO 6340. NOTE 2 They can be further identified serologically, by bacteriophage typing or by molecular techniques for epi- demiological and other purposes. They can cause intestinal infe

49、ctions (salmonellosis) in man and animals, and are a common cause of food poisoning in man. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever in man. Salmonella species are excreted in the faeces of clinically ill cases and healthy carriers in man and animals, and may, therefore, occur in sewage and farm wastes. 38 scale deposit adherent inorganic deposit formed on surfaces by water which has become supersaturated with respect to one or more solutes, or destabilized by loss of ca