专业英语八级-阅读理解(十六)及答案解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级-阅读理解(十六)及答案解析 (总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、BREADING COMPREH(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、BTEXT A/B(总题数:1,分数:25.00)Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans arent too slick with money. We take out home loans we cant afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. W
2、e dont save nearly enough for retirement.In response, proponents of financial-literacy education are stumping with renewed zeal. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending les
3、son plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates but chances for long- term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional e
4、fforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how savvy students are about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance a
5、nd investments.We need to figure out how to do this the right way, says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods dont work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree
6、 that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tackling such real-worl
7、d issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive name-brand sneakers so badly? It takes confidence to take a stand and to think differently, says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun, a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more
8、 than 30 countries, aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives. This goes beyond money and savings.Amid such a complicated landscape, some experts question whether there could ever be enough education to adequately prepare Americans for financial life. A better solution, these critics c
9、ontend, is to reform the system. What works is creating institutions that make it easy to do the right thing, says David Laibson, a Harvard economics professor who, like Mandell, has decided after years of research that education isnt a silver bullet. One idea being discussed in Washington is the au
10、tomatic IRA. Employers would have to enroll each worker in a personal retirement-savings account unless that worker decided to opt out.Yet even the skeptics are slow to write off financial education completely. More than anything, they say, we need to rigorously study the financial decisions of alum
11、ni of programs like Ariel and Aflatoun and compare them with those of peers who didnt get the same sort of education. Until you have experimental evidence, its all a little speculative, says Michael Sherraden, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis who is conducting a seven-year, randomiz
12、ed, controlled study on whether giving children bank accounts inculcates the habit of saving. Yes, good, solid research like this takes a lot of time and resources. But if what were doing right now isnt working, its in our own best interest to figure out what does.(分数:25.00)(1).What is said about tr
13、aditional financial-literacy education? A. School districts in states add financial courses to their curriculums. B. The benefits from learning financial courses last a lifelong time. C. Financial know-how from class is also helpful in real life. D. Financial-literacy movement has been failed over t
14、he past decade.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.(2).A growing number of researchers and educators advocate a radical approach that A. tackles real-world issues that affect purchasing decisions. B. starts financial education from high school instead of adults. C. puts kids in financial environment to learn from life
15、 experiences. D. avoids discussing the emotions and social influences about spending.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.(3).What does Michael Sherraden think of the financial education of programs like Ariel and Aflatoun? A. Its fruitful without any doubt. B. Its still under experiment. C. It turns out to be a failur
16、e. D. It needs evidence to prove its success.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.(4).All of the following statements contain a metaphor EXCEPT that A. . but chances for long-term benefits are slim. (Para.3) B. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade. (Para.3) C. . aims to help kid
17、s get a leg up in their financial lives. (Para.5) D. . has decided after years of research that education isnt a silver bullet. (Para.6)(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the authors attitude towards financial education? A. Suspicious. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Critical.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.三、BTEXT B/B(总题
18、数:1,分数:25.00)We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesnt give up easily, you might say, Hes got a lot of heart. Not every culture would agree for instance, when Italians want to say someone has heart, the
19、y say instead, Ha legato: He has liver.But what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad or so angry that your heart aches, could it actually be true? Two new studies add support to the theory that, yes, what goes on in your mind can, literally, break your heart. In the first study, just published i
20、n the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (J.A.C.C.,) a team of eight researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the ongoing Nurses Health Study, found that those who reported basic symptoms of depression (like feeling down and incapable of happiness) had a high
21、er-than-normal risk of coronary heart disease. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as likely as other women to suffer sudden cardiac death. None of the participants had heart problems at the studys outset, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression.The researchers theorize tha
22、t depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart like causing it to work harder in the face of stress. The study also found that the more depressed women were, the more likely they were to smoke cigarettes or have high blood pressure and diabetes not exactly heart-healthy condit
23、ions. Or it may be that the antidepressants prescribed to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart ailments; in the study, sudden cardiac death was linked more strongly with antidepressant use than with womens symptoms of depression.The anti-depressant theory is just that a theory.
24、It could be that the anti-depressant takers in the study were simply the most depressed. But if the theory is substantiated by further research, it would add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that anti-depressants carry a high risk (particularly for teenagers) when weighed against the drugs s
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