专业英语八级（阅读）-试卷138及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（阅读）-试卷138及答案解析 (总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：44.00)1.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested

2、 answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer._It would have been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare. Let me imagine, since facts are so hard to come by, what would have happened had

3、 Shakespeare had a wonderfully gifted sister, called Judith, let us say. Shakespeare himself went, very probablyhis mother was an heiressto the grammar school, where he may have learnt LatinOvid, Virgil and Horaceand the elements of grammar and logic. He was, it is well known, a wild boy who poached

4、 rabbits, perhaps shot a deer, and had, rather sooner than he should have done, to marry a woman in the neighborhood, who bore him a child rather quicker than was right. That escapade sent him to seek his fortune in London. He had, it seemed, a taste for the theatre; he began by holding horses at th

5、e stage door. Very soon he got work in the theatre, became a successful actor, and lived at the hub of the universe, meeting everybody, knowing everybody, practising his art on the boards, exercising his wits in the streets, and even getting access to the palace of the queen. Meanwhile his extraordi

6、narily gifted sister, let us suppose, remained at home. She was as adventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. But she was not sent to school. She had no chance of learning grammar and logic, let alone of reading Horace and Virgil. She picked up a book now and then, one of her b

7、rothers perhaps, and read a few pages. But then her parents came in and told her to mend the stockings or mind the stew and not moon about with books and papers. They would have spoken sharply but kindly, for they were substantial people who knew the conditions of life for a woman and loved their da

8、ughterindeed, more likely than not she was the apple of her fathers eye. Perhaps she scribbled some pages up in an apple loft on the sly, but was careful to hide them or set fire to them. Soon, however, before she was out of her teens, she was to be betrothed to the son of a neighboring wool-stapler

9、. She cried out that marriage was hateful to her, and for that she was severely beaten by her father. Then he ceased to scold her. He begged her instead not to hurt him, not to shame him in this matter of her marriage. He would give her a chain of beads or a fine petticoat, he said; and there were t

10、ears in his eyes. How could she disobey him? How could she break his heart? The force of her own gift alone drove her to it. She made up a small parcel of her belongings, let herself down by a rope one summers night and took the road to London. She was not seventeen. The birds that sang in the hedge

11、 were not more musical than she was. She had the quickest fancy, a gift like her brothers, for the tune of words. Like him, she had a taste for the theatre. She stood at the stage door; she wanted to act, she said. Men laughed in her face. The managera fat, loose-lipped manguffawed. He bellowed some

12、thing about poodles dancing and women actingno woman, he said, could possibly be an actress. He hintedyou can imagine what. She could get no training in her craft. Could she even seek her dinner in a tavern or roam the streets at midnight? Yet her genius was for fiction and lusted to feed abundantly

13、 upon the lives of men and women and the study of their ways. At lastfor she was very young, oddly like Shakespeare the poet in her face, with the same grey eyes and rounded browsNick Greene the actor-manager took pity on her; she found herself with child by that gentleman and sowho shall measure th

14、e heat and violence of the poets heart when caught and tangled in a womans body? killed herself one winters night and lies buried at some crossroads where the omnibuses now stop outside the Elephant and Castle. That, more or less, is how the story would run, I think, if a woman in Shakespeares day h

15、ad had Shakespeares genius.（分数：8.00）(1).The word escapade in the second paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.the act of getting awayB.an unconventional actC.a punishmentD.an ignorant mistake(2).In Shakespeares time, we can infer from the third paragraph that women were supposed to do all of the following EXC

16、EPT_.（分数：2.00）A.doing houseworkB.being underratedC.being given arranged marriagesD.killing time at home(3).The author aims to_.（分数：2.00）A.mock the difference between Shakespeare and his sisterB.exaggerate the death of imaginary Shakespeares gifted sisterC.identify with women in Shakespeares timeD.ri

17、dicule the unfair treatment of women in Shakespeares time(4).Which category of writing does the passage belong to?（分数：2.00）A.Description.B.Argumentation.C.Exposition.D.Narration.On Wednesday, the Treasury Department released more details of its plan to stress-test the nations 19 largest banks to see

18、 just how short of capital they would be if the recession worsened. Conceptually, the test makes sense. Since many of the banks have been deemed too big to fail, it is important for the government to know in advance how much capital they may need in order to absorb losses and sustain lending. Under

19、the rules of the test, a bank that could not cover a projected shortfall by raising money from private investors would have to accept it from the government. In exchange, the government would take a potentially large ownership stake. In practice, however, the test could be yet one more step toward w

20、hat is turning out to be a seemingly endless string of bailouts that do not stop the bleeding, stabilize the banksor adequately protect taxpayers. For starters, the tests worst-case assumptions may not be dire enough. They assume that the economy will contract this year by 3.3 percent and remain fla

21、t in 2010, that unemployment will hit 8.9 percent this year and 10.3 percent next year, and that house prices will fall an additional 22 percent this year. That would all be very bad. But given that the economy contracted by 6. 2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and that virtually all other eco

22、nomic indicators are flashing red, it is hardly the worst that the government should plan for. Even if the assumptions prove correct, there is no guarantee that the testing will be rigorous. The tests will be supervised by the government but carried out by the banks. Since a capital infusion by the

23、government would be costly to a bank and pose risks to its existing shareholders, the banks will have an incentive to arrive at the lowest possible capital shortfall. The result could be a situation much like the present one with Citigroup, in which one bailout follows another, with mounting costs a

24、nd risks for taxpayers and with investors, borrowers and consumers left to wonder when the banking system will be reliably functional again. Worse still, even if the tests accurately gauge the banks conditions and the government provides adequate capital, taxpayers could still lose big. The governme

25、nt will increase a troubled banks capital by purchasing preferred stock that pays a 9 percent dividend. If a bank cant pay the dividend, it can convert the preferred shares into common stock. The problem is that a bank is likely to convert the shares only if its condition continues to deteriorate, w

26、hich would stick the taxpayer with stock falling in value. If the banks prospects for recovery are good and it pays back the government within two years, all of the stocks future gains go to existing common shareholders. The system would be preserved, but by enriching private investors at taxpayers

27、expense. That raw deal is improved somewhat if repayment occurs after two years. Unfortunately, chances that a bank would return to health after years on government life support do not seem especially good. The administration has never adequately explained why rescuing the weakest banks should invol

28、ve rescuing their shareholders, and by extension, their executives and managers, whose wealth is likely to be concentrated in the stock of the bank. Instead, they have staked out a seemingly arbitrary position, insisting the government should not assume control of perilously weak big banks, even if

29、only to restructure their finances. Before the stress test results are in and acted upon, taxpayers deserve an explanation.（分数：8.00）(1).We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_.（分数：2.00）A.the test has been carried out to check the financial conditions of 19 largest banksB.large banks are not

30、 in short of capital for the time beingC.the government intends to make profits from this planD.the test plan is meant to make preparations for potential danger of further recession(2).According to the passage, which of the following is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.The stress-test plan is over-optimistic ab

31、out the prospect of American economy.B.The stress-tests are likely to reveal the real conditions since they will be carried out under the supervision of the government.C.Taxpayers could still lose even if the government saves the banks from falling by providing the capital they need.D.The government

32、 will take the large ownership stake from the bank in return for the capital it gives to the bank.(3).The stress-test plan will benefit the following parts EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.American economyB.high-rank officials of the bankC.the shareholders of the banksD.taxpayers(4).Whats the authors attitude tow

33、ards the stress-test plan?（分数：2.00）A.Approving.B.Sarcastic.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful.When Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger announced the final cuts to an already pain-peppered California budget in July, one of the most shocking indications of how dire things had become was the decision to close more than a

34、 third of the states parks. Fort Ross State Historic Park, 80 miles north of San Francisco, is among those that would have been closed. It was founded in 1812 as thesouthernmost Russian settlement in North America. Demonstrators outside the State Capitol in Sacramento last summer hung photos to shar

35、e memories of their park visits. On Friday, though, Mr. Schwarzeneggers office said sufficient alternative savings had been found within the California Department of Parks and Recreation to avoid any closings at all, at least in this fiscal year. The savings, which the department had been unable to

36、identify during months of budget wrangling, were suddenly realized with the help of Schwarzenegger administration finance experts looking over the shoulders of parks officials. In the two months since the July announcement, Mr. Schwarzeneggers threat to close 100 parks had landed in a budget soft sp

37、ot created by bipartisan outrage among lawmakers, their constituents and lobbyists, and by a growing sense in the administration that closing parks would do little to burnish the governors reputation as a public figure committed to the environment. Though few will rue the preservation of the park sy

38、stem, the 11th-inning save does underscore how even in the worst fiscal conditions, the threat of vast cuts is sometimes false, fueling skepticism among lawmakers and voters about ominous budget pronouncements and the ballot measures that often ensue to address them. The budget process is so complic

39、ated and confusing to people to begin with, and there is so much distrust in government, that when people hear about changes in spending cuts, they are left questioning whether or not real revenues are really needed, said Mark Baldassare, president of the Public Policy Institute of California, a non

40、partisan research group based in San Francisco. A plan to cut $175 million from a health insurance program was also recently reversed, but that program was spared by bipartisan legislation that replaced one tax for another and used federal stimulus money to fill the gaps. The parks department situat

41、ion is different, because it is essentially a re-do. The departments budget for the current fiscal year, which began July 1, was dealt a reduction of 10 percent, or $14.2 million. As a result, the state said in July, 100 of Californias 279 parks were to close at least temporarily unless donations or

42、 private partnerships materialized. But in the last week, amid a growing outcry and a leaked parks department memorandum suggesting that closing state parks could result in breach-of-contract lawsuits by the parks vendors, the administration began to back away. The backpedaling was apparently made c

43、omplete with Fridays announcement by the governors office, which said the savings would instead be realized with steps like cutting back on maintenance, delaying the purchase of equipment and reducing days of operation in some parks, hours of operation in others. The announcement described these sav

44、ings as one-time, suggesting that the cost of running the parks would have to be addressed again in the budget for the next fiscal year. Roy Steams, a spokesman for the parks department, said the earlier budget negotiations, which lasted months, had perhaps not offered sufficient time to find the cu

45、ts that will now come to pass. Others attributed the impetus to political pressure from parks advocates and from lawmakers representing districts where businesses profit from the parks presence. Mindful that Fridays rescue would nonetheless mean reduced hours for the parks, among other steps, Elizab

46、eth Goldstein, president of the California State Parks Foundation, said: They still have a $14.2 million budget cut. The governor found a clever way to find some political cover on this issue, but its not clear that the plan wont actually leave Californians with just as limited an access to their st

47、ate parks as if they were fully closed. The foundation and other conservation groups hope to place a measure on the November 2010 ballot that would increase vehicle license fees by $15 a year to finance the parks, a move that would double their budget and free it from the states general fund. In exc

48、hange, California drivers would get free admission to all state parks. The governor rejected a similar measure proposed by lawmakers during the legislative session.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following words in Paragraph Five is used metaphorically?（分数：2.00）A.Reverse.B.Stimulus.C.Gaps.D.Reduction.(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible approach to keep the parks open?（分数：2.00）A.Raising fund from the public.B.Collecting money from drivers.C.Short