专业八级模拟610及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级模拟610及答案解析 (总分：234.15，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Two Cultural DimensionsCulture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. There are four cultural dimensions as defined

2、in Hofstedes research, two of which are talked about. . Power Distance Definition: the extent to which subordinates can 1 with bosses or managers Oriental Culture: high power distance A. Power-oriented culture: superiors are entitled more 2 Typical countries: Malaysia, Japan, China and India B. The

3、3 culture: subordinates respect superiors Advantage: an easy managing system Disadvantage: not favorable for 4 employees to work Western Culture: low power distance A. The 5 culture: each higher level has a clear and demonstrable function of holding together the level beneath it B. Leadership style:

4、 hierarchy and 6 C. Advantage: explore all the 7 of employees D. Typical countries: Germany, 8 Suggestion: managers and subordinates work together efficiently and more 9 . Uncertainty avoidance Definition: the extent to which one feels either uncomfortable or comfortable in 10 situations Uncertainty

5、 avoiding cultures: minimize the possibility of such situations A. By strict 11 , safety and security measures B. By a belief in 12 High uncertainty avoidance: Japan, China A. Prefer job 13 B. Team work instead of independent work Low uncertainty avoidance: USA, Denmark, Singapore A. High Job 14 B.

6、Risk-talking Suggestion: pay attention to 15 set between different uncertainty avoidance （分数：40.05）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Tolerant.A.Women bosses give male assistants more free time during meetings.B.Women bosses give male employees more

7、chances to get promotion.C.Women bosses give male staff members higher salaries.D.Women bosses give male colleagues more power.A.To offer specific plans.B.To give backing to employees.C.To give suggestions to staff.D.To take more responsibility.A.To be a good listener.B.To be a good advisor.C.To be

8、a good manager.D.To be a good nurturer.A.To analyze the current conditions of women bosses.B.To clarify why women bosses are unpopular.C.To help change peoples wrong ideas on women bosses.D.To eliminate sex discrimination in working places.（分数：20.00）A.Writing a vacation memo.B.Writing to the former

9、renters.C.Making a contract before sending money.D.Using credit card to make an order.A.Subjective.B.Supportive.C.Regretful.D.Indifferent.A.They can get extra place for private talk.B.They can get extra place for playing.C.They can avoid disturbing neighbors.D.They can maintain some daily routine at

10、 home.A.Florida.B.Hawaii.C.Chicago.D.Mexico.A.The trend of renting a house for vacation.B.The advantages of living in a hotel.C.The accommodation condition during a trip.D.The dos and donts about lodging during vacation.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：100.00)Section A In this section there are several

11、 passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One In last weeks Tribune, there was an interesting

12、letter from Mr. J. Stewart Cook, in which he suggested that the best way of avoiding the danger of a scientific hierarchy would be to see to it that every member of the general public was, as far as possible, scientifically educated. At the same time, scientists should be brought out of their isolat

13、ion and encouraged to take a greater part in politics and administration. As a general statement, I think most of us would agree with this, but I notice that, as usual, Mr. Cook does not define science, and merely implies in passing that it means certain exact sciences whose experiments can be made

14、under laboratory conditions. Thus, adult education tends to neglect scientific studies in favor of literary, economic and social subjects, economics and sociology not being regarded as branches of science, apparently. This point is of great importance. For the word science is at present used in at l

15、east two meanings, but the whole question of scientific education is obscured by the current tendency to dodge from one meaning to the other. Science is generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics, etc. , or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable re

16、sults by reasoning logically from observed fact. If you ask any scientist, or indeed almost any educated person, What is science? , you are likely to get an answer approximating to (b). In everyday life, however, both in speaking and in writing, when people say science they mean (a). Science means s

17、omething that happens in a laboratory: test-tubes, balances, Bunsen burners, microscopes. A biologist, an astronomer, perhaps a psychologist or a mathematician, is described as a man of science : no one would think of applying this term to a statesman, a poet, a journalist or even a philosopher. And

18、 those who tell us that the young must be scientifically educated mean, almost invariably, that they should be taught more about radioactivity, or the stars, or the physiology of their own bodies, rather than that they should be taught to think more exactly. This confusion of meaning, which is partl

19、y deliberate, has in it a great danger. Implied in the demand for more scientific education is the claim that if one has been scientifically trained ones approach to all subjects will be more intelligent than if one had had no such training. A scientists political opinions, it is assumed, his opinio

20、ns on sociological questions, on morals, on philosophy, perhaps even on the arts, will be more valuable than those of a layman. But a scientist, as we have just seen, means in practice a specialist in one of the exact sciences. It follows that a chemist or physicist, as such, is politically more int

21、elligent than a poet or a lawyer. And, in fact, there are already millions of people who do believe this. But is it really true that a scientist, in this narrower sense, is any likelier than other people to approach non-scientific problems in an objective way? There is not much reason for thinking s

22、o. Take one simple testthe ability to withstand nationalism. It is often loosely said that Science is international, but in practice the scientific workers of all countries line up behind their own governments with fewer scruples than are felt by the writers and the artists. The German scientific co

23、mmunity, as a whole, made no resistance to Hitler. There were plenty of gifted men to do the necessary research on such things as synthetic oil, jet planes, rocket projectiles and the atomic bomb. On the other hand, what happened to German literature when the Nazis came to power? I believe no exhaus

24、tive lists have been published, but I imagine that the number of German scientistsJew apartwho voluntarily exiled themselves or were persecuted by the regime was much smaller than the number of writers and journalists. More sinister than this, a number of German scientists swallowed the monstrosity

25、of racial science. But does this mean that the general public should not be more scientifically educated? On the contrary! All it means is that scientific education for the masses will do little good, and probably a lot of harm, if it simply boils down to more physics, more chemistry, more biology,

26、etc. to the detriment of literature and history. Its probable effect on the average human being would be to narrow the range of his thoughts and make him more than ever contemptuous of such knowledge as he did not possess; and his political reactions would probably be somewhat less intelligent than

27、those of an illiterate peasant who retained a few historical memories and a fairly sound aesthetic sense. Clearly, scientific education ought to mean the implanting of a rational, skeptical, experimental habit of mind. It ought to mean acquiring a methoda method that can be used on any problem that

28、one meetsand not simply piling up a lot of facts. Put it in those words, and the apologist of scientific education will usually agree. Press him further, ask him to particularize, and somehow it always turns out that scientific education means more attention to the exact sciences, in other wordsmore

29、 facts. The idea that science means a way of looking at the world, and not simply a body of knowledge, is in practice strongly resisted. I think sheer professional jealousy is part of the reason for this. (此文选自 The Collected Essags, Journalism, and Letters of George Orwell) Passage Two As I write, a

30、 gentle, much needed rain is falling this morning. It has been a dry spring here in Vermont. So dry in fact, that the Spring Peepers were late enough in coming that many thought that these amazing little frogs would fail to bless us with their song this year. But they came, and I cant fault them for

31、 being tardy. In almost any seasonal wetland in the state these frogs can be heard. They are a sign of spring, and of rebirth and renewal. It is late June and the mountain snow has left the higher slopes of the mountains. Folks have planted their gardens, even though there is still the threat of fro

32、st. Yes, it is almost July, yet in the evenings here, the thermometer can still sometimes dip into the low-thirties this time of year. My family planted our garden during the last weekend of May, and frost came twice since then, luckily not a killing frost. But others were not so lucky. There is a v

33、ery ambitious gardener in the village that lost most of his non-hardy plants this year. There is a saw in this state: if you dont like the weather, wait five minutes. This spring has demonstrated the validity of this old saying. Twice this spring it has been warm enough in the day that my family wen

34、t swimming, but there was frost on the ground the next morning. I enjoy the juxtaposition of the vagaries of the climate and the steady rhythms of life here. Folks have been tending to the chores of spring for generations, knowing full well that they really cant depend upon the hand that nature will

35、 deal them. Planting a garden in Vermont amounts to an act of faith. Will our sweat and toil be rewarded by abundance enough to share with our friends and extended families, or will a killing frost render these efforts exercises in futility? And I have planted more than a garden this year. My family

36、 was recently faced with a tough decision, do we leave this place and the people whom we have come to know and love, or do we stay and make a commitment? Well, we have decided that this is where we will make our stand. Along with our little garden, this year we have planted ourselves. And this is no

37、 less an act of faith than the one mentioned above. Will my family be blessed with that which is needed to grow and flourish. We have no way of knowing thisbut we do have faith. The rain has stopped and the sun is shining. Strong winds have blown the cloud cover away. It is a beautiful day. Vermont

38、gardening. There is another saying among farmers here: there is no better fertilizer than a farmers footprints. To me this means that which is planted must be revisited often. The garden must be nurtured and tended. It must be cared for with love. It seems to me that this applies to our lives as wel

39、l. Hopes and dreams and aspirations must be revisited often lest we lose sight of the things that are really important to us. Commitments must be tended to as carefully as any garden plot. But as with gardening, there are no guarantees. But there is faith, and today is a beautiful day. (此文选自 Time)Pa

40、ssage Three After thirty years of married happiness, he could still remind himself that Victoria was endowed with every charm except the thrilling touch of human frailty. Though her perfection discouraged pleasures, especially the pleasures of love, he had learned in time to feel the pride of a husb

41、and in her natural frigidity. For he still clung, amid the decay of moral platitudes, to the discredited ideal of chivalry. In his youth the world was suffused with the after-glow of the long Victorian age, and a graceful feminine style had softened the manners, if not the natures, of men. At the en

42、d of that interesting epoch, when womanhood was exalted from a biological fact into a miraculous power, Virginius Littlepage, the younger son of an old and affluent family, had married Victoria Brooke, the grand-daughter of a tobacco planter, who had made a satisfactory fortune by forsaking his plan

43、tation and converting tobacco into cigarettes. While Virginius had been trained by stern tradition to respect every woman who had not stooped to folly, the virtue peculiar to her sex was among the least of his reasons for admiring Victoria. She was not only modest, which was usual in the nineties, b

44、ut she was beautiful, which is unusual in any decade. In the beginning of their acquaintance he had gone even further and ascribed intellect to her; but a few months of marriage had shown this to be merely one of the many delusions created by perfect features and noble expression. Everything about h

45、er had been smooth and definite, even the tones of her voice and the way her light brown hair, which she wore a Pompadour, was rolled stiffly back from her forehead and coiled in a burnished rope on the top of her head. A serious young man, ambitious to attain a place in the world more brilliant tha

46、n the secluded seat of his ancestors, he had been impressed at their first meeting by the compactness and precision of Victorias orderly mind. For in that earnest period the minds, as well as the emotions, of lovers were orderly. It was an age when eager young men flocked to church on Sunday morning

47、, and eloquent divines discoursed upon the Victorian poets in the middle of the week. He could afford to smile now when he recalled the solemn Browning class in which he had first lost his heart. How passionately he had admired Victorias virginal features! How fervently he had envied her competent b

48、ut caressing way with the poet! Incredible as it seemed to him now, he had fallen in love with her while she recited from the more ponderous passages in The Ring and the Book. He had fallen in love with her then, though he had never really enjoyed Browning, and it had been a relief to him when the Unseen, in company with its illustrious poet, had at last gone out of fashion. Yet, since he was disposed to admire all the qualities he did not possess, he had never ceased to respect the firmness with which Victoria continued to deal in other forms with the Absolute. As th