专业八级分类模拟373及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级分类模拟 373 及答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Visual PerspectivePerspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two kinds of perspective and they occupy i

2、mportant roles in the art history. . 1 perspective The way that the 2 affects how we see things, especially distant things Makes a mountain in the distance appear to be less 3 than closer object Application: A. Realistic artists: reproduce B. 4 : create their own special effects . Linear perspective

3、 the more 5 things are, the smaller they seem to get Example: 6 ; a line of telephone poles . “The vanishing point“ Objects get smaller and smaller as they recede, until they vanish in a point on the 7 Objects or scenes may have more than one vanishing point: A. A cube with one of its faces squarely

4、 perpendicular to us Single vanishing point: directly behind it and on the horizon B. A cube with one of its 8 facing us Two vanishing points: one for the right-hand face; one for the left-hand face C. A cube viewed from somewhat 9 Three vanishing points: one to the right, one to the left, and a thi

5、rd one behind it . The history of perspective in art Early western art: Artists recognized the effect but failed to present it Example: the paintings inside 10 the illustrations in 11 Christian churches 13th and 14th century Reverse perspective 12 : A. Linear perspective 1) Brunelleschi: conducted s

6、everal 13 experiments and discovered the rules of perspective Example: a(n) 14 of San Giovanni Bapistery 2) Donatello: began using accurate linear perspective; spread it throughout Europe B. Aerial perspective Flemish and 15 masters: developed the idea Example: Jan van Eyck“s “The Virgin of Chancell

7、or Rolin“ （分数：30.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：25.00)（分数：20.00）A.It is to compare the different facilities that hotel chains provide.B.It is to compare some hotel chains in different aspects.C.It is to introduce some hotel chains with workout offerings.D.It is to introduce workout offering provi

8、ded in some hotel chains.A.Delicious food.B.Comfortable accommodation.C.A great lobby.D.Fitness offerings.A.Fairmont.B.Candlewood Suites.C.Hyatt.D.Hilton.A.Gym service available all day long.B.Free yoga courses.C.Yoga mats and balls.D.GPS monitor.A.Guests will be given a card with yoga breathing tec

9、hniques.B.Guests have many bedtime yoga videos to watch in room.C.The bedtime yoga workout is provided for guests without charge.D.It will take guests over one hour to get yoga equipment in room.（分数：5.00）A.Queen“s 50th anniversary.B.Queen“s 60th anniversary.C.A very English sport, polo.D.The 2012 Lo

10、ndon Olympic Games.A.He has a ticket and will attend.B.To avoid all the traffic, he won“t attend the Olympics.C.He hasn“t made any plans to attend the Olympics.D.He won“t attend because he wants to see the best events at home.A.Terrific.B.Not bad.C.Awful.D.Detestable.A.Fantastic.B.Embarrassed.C.Very

11、 flattered.D.Very confused.A.He becomes more confident and famous.B.He hopes to be a useful person.C.He becomes stranger.D.He loves to laugh more than before.四、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.何谓幸福?每个人自有不同的衡量标准，虽然幸福的结局是那样的皆大欢喜。幸福可以漾在脸上，幸福也可以写在心里，当幸福在阳光下熠熠生辉时，幸福是灼人的。为什么幸福是灼人的?因为幸福是一种力量，是千锤百炼之后提升出来的一

12、种力量。一种踏遍阴森荆棘的勇气，一种翻越陡峭山崖的气魄，一种走过血雨腥风的从容，一种透析人生苦短的姿态。 （分数：10.00）_五、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：14.00)2.题目要求：Many parents are wondering whether it is right or wrong to give their child technological gadgets as toys in terms of early childhood development. What is your idea towards the issue? Read the follow

13、ing article carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author“s opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may re

14、sult in a loss of marks. The use of gadgets such as computers, iPads, smart-phones and video games has become part of the trend and lifestyle of today“s society. Do you know that gadgets have a huge impact on the lives of people including children? The production of gadgets nowadays is just like “mu

15、shrooms springing up after the rain“. Along with the advancement of technology and modernity, gadgets have become a necessity for every individual, including children. In fact, a lot of them already know how to use a gadget since a young age. However, the widespread use of technology has its implica

16、tion. Despite the overwhelming enthusiasm of the general public in using gadgets, there is a risk associated with their use that may not be realized, especially to children. One of the risks is the effect of the gadget to their mental development. According to Pengiran Hartini Pengiran Haji Tahir, a

17、 clinical psychologist at the Child Development Center, gadgets can actually be used by children, but their time on their gadgets should be limited depending on their age. She added that it is vital for parents to monitor what type of programmes their children are using and cited researches that hav

18、e found that the type of content is crucial. Gadgets should also not be given to children all the time. If parents do not control their usage, it can affect the mental development and cause other adverse effects to their children. She added that in some cases, parents give their children iPads to he

19、lp them sleep, but said that this will not help as their child“s brain will be stimulated and thus, cause them to sleep even late. She said that a lot of children that have been referred to are those who have sleeping problems. While gadgets can be used as learning tools at home or in school, their

20、use still needs to be controlled. Pengiran Hartini Pengiran Haji Tahir advised that if possible, gadgets should only be given to children on weekends or half an hour per day. She added that in a day, children above 3 years old should only be given a combined time of around 2 hours to watch TV or use

21、 their iPads. It should not be more than that as it can affect their mental development. New parents should never give their babies an iPad because at the age of below 2 years old, they are supposed to be interacting and there should be a bonding time with them. As for kids of 3 years of age, their

22、time on their gadgets should be limited, while the programmes they are using as well as their frequency on their gadgets should be monitored. Albeit the excitement of the latest technological advancement especially on more sophisticated gadgets, it is all up to the user to think of the pros and cons

23、 of using the technology. （分数：14.00）_专业八级分类模拟 373 答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Visual PerspectivePerspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two ki

24、nds of perspective and they occupy important roles in the art history. . 1 perspective The way that the 2 affects how we see things, especially distant things Makes a mountain in the distance appear to be less 3 than closer object Application: A. Realistic artists: reproduce B. 4 : create their own

25、special effects . Linear perspective the more 5 things are, the smaller they seem to get Example: 6 ; a line of telephone poles . “The vanishing point“ Objects get smaller and smaller as they recede, until they vanish in a point on the 7 Objects or scenes may have more than one vanishing point: A. A

26、 cube with one of its faces squarely perpendicular to us Single vanishing point: directly behind it and on the horizon B. A cube with one of its 8 facing us Two vanishing points: one for the right-hand face; one for the left-hand face C. A cube viewed from somewhat 9 Three vanishing points: one to t

27、he right, one to the left, and a third one behind it . The history of perspective in art Early western art: Artists recognized the effect but failed to present it Example: the paintings inside 10 the illustrations in 11 Christian churches 13th and 14th century Reverse perspective 12 : A. Linear pers

28、pective 1) Brunelleschi: conducted several 13 experiments and discovered the rules of perspective Example: a(n) 14 of San Giovanni Bapistery 2) Donatello: began using accurate linear perspective; spread it throughout Europe B. Aerial perspective Flemish and 15 masters: developed the idea Example: Ja

29、n van Eyck“s “The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin“ （分数：30.00）解析：Aerial 听力原文 Visual PerspectiveGood morning, everyone. Today, I want to start with a look at visual perspective. First, we“ll look briefly at the kinds of perspective, and then we“ll look very quickly at its history in art. Just in case you d

30、on“t know what we“re discussingperspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two basic sorts of visual perspectiveaerial perspective and linear perspective. Aerial perspectiveand “aerial“ just means “air“ or “atmospher

31、ic“, not your view from an airplane! aerial perspective is the way that the atmosphere affects how we see things, especially distant things. I won“t try to go into the laws of physics that are involved here, but it is aerial perspective that makes a mountain in the distance appear to be a different

32、color, that makes it seem hazierless distinctthan closer objects. These are effects that realistic artists attempt to reproduce carefully. And impressionists also use it to create their own special effects. Just think of many of Turner“s landscapesor cityscapes like his “Dido Building Carthage“to ge

33、t an idea of how the air can affect what we see. The other perspective, linear perspective, is the way that things seem to get smaller the farther away they get. A classic example of this is the way we perceive railroad tracks or a line of telephone poles running away from us. They seem to get small

34、er and smaller as they recedeuntil they vanish in a point on the horizonand this point is appropriately called “the vanishing point“. This effect happens whenever there are parallel lines, like the two train tracks, or the tops and bottoms of the telephone poles. Now, an object or a scene may have m

35、ore than one vanishing point. A cube with one of its faces squarely perpendicular to us has a single vanishing point, directly behind it and on the horizon. But a cube with one of its vertical edges facing us has two vanishing points insteadone for the right-hand face and one for the left-hand face,

36、 and these points are off to the right and left respectively, on the horizon, where the parallel lines of the faces seem to converge. And then, if this same cube is viewed from somewhat above or below, it will have three vanishing pointsone to the right, one to the left, and a third one behind it an

37、d below or above the horizon. This is easy to visualize if you look up at a corner building from its street intersection. You can look down one street to see the right-hand vanishing point, look down the cross-street to see the left-hand vanishing point, and then look up along the corner of the buil

38、ding to visualize the third vanishing point. These kinds of perspective are easy to see if we view geometrical shapes or manmade structures, but of course natural scenes don“t have any sets of parallel lines, so they have no vanishing pointsbut that doesn“t mean that they don“t exhibit perspective.

39、OK. So much for the two perspectives, now a bit of history about the perspectives. The laws of optics were not understood at all in early Western art. Artists recognized the effect, of course, but they were unable to figure out how to represent it accurately. From the paintings inside the Egyptian p

40、yramids to the illustrations in medieval Christian churches, nearer people were simply drawn larger, or drawn lower in the picture, or drawn so as to cover the people farther away. There was no real understanding of how the physics of perception workedthey never got a grasp on the idea of the vanish

41、ing point. In the 13th and 14th centuries, before linear perspective was discovered, artists occasionally employed something called reverse perspective, in which parallel lines splay rather than converge as they approach the horizon line. One of the rules set forth in an early artists“ manual is tha

42、t elements above the eye of the viewer tend downward, while elements below the viewer“s eye tend upward. While arbitrary tilting of lines upward and downward can create unusual effects, this is generally considered to be a significant step in the progression toward the rational application of linear

43、 perspective. And then came the Renaissance, the rebirth of learning and the sciences. This was a hotbed of scientific thoughtDa Vinci, Galileo, Newton and Filippo Brunelleschi. Brunelleschi was a fifteenth century Florentine architect who conducted several optical experiments and discovered the rol

44、es of perspective. With what he“d learned, he drew a very accurate picture of San Giovanni Bapistery in Florence, and then he made a small peep hole in the middle of it. He carried it into the street and amazed all his acquaintances by having them look through the peep hole from the back of his pict

45、urefirst, at a mirror which reflected the image into the viewer“s line of sight. Then, Brunelleschi would quickly withdraw the mirrorleaving the viewer peeping at the real Bapistery, whose perspective had been replicated perfectly! Other Italian artists, notably Donatello, began using Brunelleschi“s

46、 methods for accurate linear perspective and his ideas soon spread throughout Europe. The development of effective aerial perspective, on the other hand, was developed by the Flemish and Dutch masters of this same period, and can be seen at its best in works like Jan van Eyck“s “The Virgin of Chance

47、llor Rolin“. But that“s another story. OK. I have outlined the two perspectives for you and I also talked about the history of the development of perspectives. Next time, we shall go to the workshop of drafting some drawings with the help of perspectives. 解析 讲座提到透视法基本上可以分为两种。此题要求填入第一种透视法Aerial persp

48、ective(空中透视法)。因此填入 Aerial。解析：atmosphere解析 透视法 Aerial perspective(空中透视法)，即空气如何影响我们对远方景物的视觉。因此本题的答案为 atmosphere。解析：distinct解析 根据空中透视法，远方的山脉呈现出不同的颜色，要比近处的景物更为模糊、不那么清楚。因此本题的答案为 distinct。如果没能记下本题考查的细节，也可以根据常识推断出答案。解析：Impressionists解析 印象派画家利用空中透视法来制造印象派作品特有的效果。本题答案为Impressionists。解析：distant解析 直线透视法是另外一种透视

49、法。它指的是更远的物体会显得更小。根据空格前的more，此空格不能填原词 farther，应将 the farther away 转化成为 the more distant。解析：railroad tracks解析 第二种透视法为直线透视法，直线透视法的典型例子是我们在远处观察铁路轨道和电话线杆上的电线离我们越来越远。因此填入 railroad tracks。解析：horizon解析 根据直线透视法的原则，排成一列的物体显得越来越小，直到他们消失在地平线上的某一点，而这一点就称为“灭点”。因此本题的答案为 horizon。本文考查的是关键性信息，在听力过程中应注意做好笔记。解析：vertical edges解析 如果一个立方体有一条垂直边缘面对着我们