专业八级-774及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-774 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Three Main Literary Forms. PoetryEssential features:-evoking (1) (1)_-creating a(n) (2) (2)_-imagination-leading to new (3) , new feelings and experience (3)_ . FictionA. Short storyDefinition: a relati

2、vely brief (4) (4)_-subject matter: single incidents in daily life-essential features: (5) , unity and (5)_(6) (6)_B. NovelOne important technique: (7) (7)_Three methods:-explicit presentation through (8) (8)_-presentation of character in (9) (9)_ presentation from within a character. DramaOrigin: a

3、ncient Greek festival activitiesStructures of a play-exposition-rising action- (10) (10)_-falling action-endingNew styles and forms（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the i

4、nterview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Before Jose Martinez set up his pizza delivery service, he（分数：1.00）A.tested samples on potential clients.B.handed out product questionnaires.C.assessed demand in different a

5、reas.D.trained staff for a few months.(2).According to Jose Martinez, the Spanish fast food business（分数：1.00）A.is different from that of the U. S.B.has slowed slightly in its rate of growth.C.employs an increasing number of women.D.is experiencing a hard time.(3).Jose Martinez wants his trainee mana

6、gers to（分数：1.00）A.develop a competitive attitude.B.try out some of the shop-floor jobs.C.spend some time working abroad.D.own an excellent academic records.(4).Jose Martinez left the first company he worked for because it（分数：1.00）A.set the staff impossible targets.B.offered insufficient financial re

7、wards.C.provided inadequate support.D.offered staff few promotion opportunities.(5).What does Jose Martinez plan to do in the future?（分数：1.00）A.Develop a chain of restaurants.B.Set up a franchise operation.C.Expand into the frozen food market.D.Open more branches abroad.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Que

8、stions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The price drop of crude oil is beneficial in that it（分数：1.00）A.helps to revitalize the world economy.B.promotes oil expor

9、t to other nations.C.helps to push up the regional economy.D.provides an opportunity to the oil exporters.(2).From the news, we can infer that those economic managers in Washington _the recent state of crude markets.（分数：1.00）A.are pessimistic aboutB.are indifferent toC.have underestimatedD.are in fa

10、vor of1. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Who have taken part in discussions with the governor of Brazil Central Bank?（分数：1.00）A.Some representatives of the United States.B.The leaders

11、of the countries which lent Brazil money.C.Representatives of the worlds important commercial banks.D.Representatives of those countries which have to pay huge foreign debts.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each o

12、f the two questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).How many students were killed in the gunshot?（分数：1.00）A.At least 8.B.More that 30.C.At least 120.D.Not mentioned.(2).Which of the following was NOT true according to the news?（分数：1.00）A.Israel is optimistic about U.S. -sponsored peace talks.B.

13、The UN Security Council did not agree on a presidential statement condemning the Jerusalem attack.C.Spokesman of Israeli Foreign Ministry said Israel would not tolerate terrorism.D.Witness said the gunman committed suicide after the killing.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)I

14、nternet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper J affray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach

15、 at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares.It works like this. Advertisers bid on keywords that they b

16、elieve potential customers will be interested in. This enables Internet firms such as Google, the market leader, and Yahoo!, its smaller rival, to display advertisements alongside the results of Internet searches. Somebody searching for a particular type of wine, for example, might see advertisement

17、s from wine merchants. Google, Yahoo! and other firms also place ads on affiliates websites-so wine merchants advertisements might also appear on a wine-appreciation site. The advertiser pays only when a consumer clicks on an ad; the owner of the website where the ad was displayed then receives a sm

18、all commission.The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. The pri

19、ce per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword, though the average is around $ 0.50.But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called “click fraud“-bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It ta

20、kes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firms advertisements can sa

21、ddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure.Bill Gross, the entrepreneur who pioneered the pay-per-click model back in 1998, was aware of the problem even then. He installed a three-layered defence system: a filter t

22、o weed out clicks from known fraudsters at the outset, statisticians and software to spot suspicious click patterns, and co-operation with advertisers to enable them to analyse the leads generated and sound the alarm if necessary.But generally the industry adopted a rather cavalier attitude to click

23、 fraud. Eric Schmidt, the boss of Google, caused uproar a few months ago when he seemed to suggest that the “perfect economic solution“ to click fraud was to “let it happen“. He was responding to a theoretical question during a debate at Stanford University, but his response reinforced the perceptio

24、n that Google had higher priorities than addressing the problem.Such a flippant attitude has not gone down well with advertisers, who are up in arms about the problem. Some have even resorted to legal action. Google reached a settlement in March with Lanes Gifts and Collectibles, a gift shop based i

25、n Arkansas, and agreed to offer refunds to advertisers who claim they have been charged for bogus clicks. Such refunds are capped at $ 90m, however, so many observers think Google got off lightly. And in June Yahoo! promised to intensify its efforts to fight click fraud as part of a settlement with

26、CheckMate, a fraud-detection firm. As well as offering refunds for clicks determined to be fraudulent, Yahoo! agreed to appoint a “traffic-quality advocate“ to voice advertisers concerns within the company.In the wake of these legal challenges, Google and Yahoo! recently joined a working group at th

27、e Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), which will establish standards for pay-per-click advertising, including the introduction of industry-funded auditing and certification, by the middle of 2009. “I believe Google and Yahoo! are now taking the issue very seriously,“ says David Jones, chief execut

28、ive of Euro RSCG, an advertising company. But Rishad Tobaccowala, head of innovation at Publicis, one of the worlds biggest advertising groups, says it is too early to say whether the measures being taken against click fraud will be Enough to satisfy advertisers.（分数：4.00）(1).We can infer from the se

29、ntence “And it is still early days“ in the first paragraph that（分数：1.00）A.Internet advertising is very promising and profitable.B.Internet advertising is newly-developed and problematic.C.whether Internet advertising will grow remains a question.D.people cannot predict the future of Internet adverti

30、sing.(2).The word “saddle“ in the fourth paragraph probably means（分数：1.00）A.encumber.B.charge.C.associate.D.tie.(3).All of the following were taken as measures to guard against click fraud EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.the collaboration between an enterpriser and advertisers.B.the installation of a defense syste

31、m.C.the application of certain software.D.the employment of some statisticians.(4).Which of the following adjectives can best summarize advertisers reaction to Eric Schmidts let-it-hap pen attitude?（分数：1.00）A.Nonchalant.B.Wrathful.C.Disdainful.D.Repulsive.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In the college-admiss

32、ions wars, we parents are the true gladiators. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT prep courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron an

33、d Nicole dont get in, theyre forever doomed. Gosh, were delusional.Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. Its one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids college pedigrees as trophies attesting to how well-or how poorly-weve raised them. But w

34、e cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. Its true tha

35、t getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 2.8 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at elite schools dwarfs populati

36、on growth.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough trophies to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. “The epicenters of parental anxiety used to be on the coasts: Boston, New York, Washington, Los Angeles, “says Tom Parker,

37、Amhersts admissions dean.“ But its radiated throughout the country.“Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All thats plausibleand mostly wrong. “

38、We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters,“ says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co-author of How College Affects Students, an 827-page evaluation of hundreds of studies of the college experience. Selective schools dont systematically employ better

39、instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some dont. On two measures-professors feedback and the number of essay examsselective schools do slightly worse.By some studies, selective schools do enhance their

40、graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2 percent to 4 percent for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study by Princeton economist Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale of Mathematica Policy Research

41、 examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically,

42、its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition-the job market, graduate schoolthe results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Krueger studied ad- missions to one lop Ph. D. program.

43、 High scores on the Graduate Record Exam helped explain who got in; Ivy League degrees didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness ca

44、n be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study of students 20 years out found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been

45、 so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.What fires parents fanaticism is their self-serving desire to announce their own success. Many succumb; I did. I located my ideal school for my daughter. She got in and went elsewhere. Take that, Dad. I located the ideal school for my so

46、n. Heck, he wouldnt even visit the place. Pow, Dad. They both love their schools and seem amply stimulated. Foolish Dad.（分数：6.00）(1).The word “gladiators“ in the first paragraph probably means（分数：1.00）A.colossuses.B.commanders.C.warriors.D.gluttons.(2).The authors attitude to the parents claim “our

47、motives are selfless and sensible“ is one of（分数：1.00）A.antipathy.B.apathy.C.ambivalence.D.dissent.(3).It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that（分数：1.00）A.American youth have fewer choices but to go to elite schools.B.the competition for elite schools is fiercer in the United States.C.the par

48、ents should not put too much pressure on their children.D.the childrens future will be bleak without going to elite schools.(4).Which of the following statements about selective schools is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Selective schools offer better instructional approaches to their students.B.There are more essa

49、y exams in selective schools than other schools.C.Their new teaching methods secure their graduates high salaries.D.They dont outperform other schools in terms of professors feedback.(5).The author suggests that parents not impose their ambition on their children because（分数：1.00）A.too much pressure mi