专业八级-420及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-420 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Age Structures in Mexico and SwedenAge structure refers to the percentage of the population in different age(1) _Mexicos age structure is quite different from Swedens in (1) _that the former is like a (

2、2) _with a wider base. In Sweden, the age (2) _structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n) (3) _ (3) _birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, thepopulation is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in sizewith a(n) (4) _distribution. (4) _T

3、he Effects of Different Age StructuresAge structures affects population growth:a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of thepyramid will have a (5) _population growth rate. (5) _b) a larger proportion of women of (6) _age results in a faster (6) _population growth.Age structur

4、e affects (7) _: (7) _1) a larger percentage of people of (8) _, age means more wealth (8) _and higher standard of living.2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more expenditure on(9) _to achieve the same standards. (9) _3) the (10) _rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to b

5、e (10) _found for a larger number of graduates.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions

6、.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).The following cannot be sent for recorded delivery EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.parcelsB.airway parcelsC.mail for the Irish RepublicD.documents of little monetary value(2).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of recorded delivery?（分数：1.00）A.It is signed for by the reci

7、pient.B.A record of the delivery is kept by the post office.C.The post office undertakes to deliver it to the addressee in person.D.Recorded delivery mail is carried with the ordinary unregistered post.(3).Which of the following entitles a person to compensation for loss according to Susan?（分数：1.00）

8、A.Unregistered mail.B.Recorded delivery.C.Registered delivery.D.Urgent mail.(4).What can be seht by registered mail?（分数：1.00）A.A first-class letter.B.Urgent mail.C.A railway letter.D.An airway packet.(5).Compensation will not be paid for the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.couponsB.bank notesC.trading

9、 stampsD.packets四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：3.00）(1).The following are the decisions made by European Union on Wednesday EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00

10、）A.Microsoft should put an end to its business in EuropeB.Microsoft should pay about six hundred million dollarsC.Microsoft should give information about its Windows systemD.Microsoft should make another version of Windows without using its own software(2).What percentage does Microsoft account for

11、in the software for personal computers in the world?（分数：1.00）A.19%.B.90%.C.40%.D.70%.(3).Whats Microsofts reaction to the decision made by E. U. ?（分数：1.00）A.Microsoft did not take it seriously.B.Microsoft was opposed to the decision.C.Microsoft decided to do asE. U. required.D.Microsoft accepted the

12、 decision but did not take any measures.Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The Group of Seven finance ministers regularly meet to _.（分数：1.00）A.discuss how to promote

13、international economic growthB.set policy direction for International Monetary FundC.talk about how to meet the challenges posed by globalizationD.discuss how to control production(2).Canadas finance minister was concerned about _.（分数：1.00）A.the impact of globalizationB.the impact of U. S. budget de

14、ficitC.the rise of unemployment rate in ChinaD.the debt relief of the poor countries五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological), and sciences de

15、aling with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of culture achievements, and every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of underst

16、anding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be ma

17、n. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must

18、 defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me reca

19、ll a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature

20、 of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit canno

21、t resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had been sought disinterestedly.（分数：5.00）(1).The author does not include among the sciences the study of _.（分数：1.00）A.astronomyB.economicsC.anthropologyD.lite

22、rature(2).In the paragraphs that follow this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _.（分数：1.00）A.the value of technical researchB.the value of pure researchC.philosophyD.scientific foundations(3).The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections _.（分数：1.00）A.were mathematiciansB

23、.were interested in navigationC.were unaware of the value of their studiesD.worked with electricity(4).Which one of the following best expresses the idea of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Technical Progress.B.Mans Distinguishing Characteristics.C.Learning for Its Own Sake.D.The Difference Between Science a

24、nd Philosophy.(5).The practical scientist _.（分数：1.00）A.knows the value of what he will discoverB.is interested in the unknownC.knows that the world existsD.is a philosopher七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours

25、 at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and the status we are accorded to a considerable extent as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be push

26、ed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes in the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psy

27、chological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a sma

28、ll minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the most cruel and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indire

29、ctly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and hi, mane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their

30、interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual worke

31、rs, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little co

32、ntrol over their work； it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct

33、 consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.（分数：5.00）(1).In the writers opinion, people judge others by _.（分数：1.00）A.the type of work they doB.the place where they workC.the time they spend at work

34、D.the amount of money they earn(2).According to the writer, in the future work will _.（分数：1.00）A.matter less than it does nowB.be as important as it is nowC.be better paid than it is nowD.offer more satisfaction than it does now(3).What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problem

35、s?（分数：1.00）A.A reduction in the number of strikes.B.Equality in salaries.C.A more equal distribution of responsibility.D.An improvement in moral standards.(4).What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers?（分数：1.00）A.They wont lose their jobs.B.They get time off to attend cours

36、es.C.They can work at whatever interests them.D.They can make their own decisions.(5).Working conditions generally remain bad because _.（分数：1.00）A.the workers are quite satisfied with themB.no one can decide what to do about themC.managers see no need to change themD.office workers want to protect t

37、heir position八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the United States, there is some disagreement (to say the least) over the risks and benefits .of nuclear power. There can be no question that with our electrical power needs increasing rapidly, we cannot rely indefinitely on the earths remaining fossil fuel sup

38、ply. The question is, can we safely shift our reliance to nuclear fission power plantsconsidering the present state of our knowledge and technology? The American public has, in the past few years, developed a rather strong consensus regarding this question. Nuclear power has fallen into disfavor. Th

39、e risks seem too great, the reward too smallat least for the immediate future.It is not likely that an explosion of the type produced by atomic bombs can occur in the kinds of nuclear reactors being used today. However, we still dont know how close we came to a major tragedy at Three Mile Island. A

40、far greater tragedy occurred at a nuclear plant at Chernobyl, in the Soviet Unions Ukraine in 1986. The risks associated with nuclear power, however, are not always so spectacular. Some are of a far subtler nature. For example, radioactivity could be released into the environment from activities rel

41、ated to mining and processing nuclear fuel, from the transportation and recycling of the fuel and from storage of the radioactive wastes. We frequently hear of steam or gas leaks from the reactors themselves. ;And even the safest reactors normally leak small amounts of radiation into their immediate

42、 environment. (The problem with this is that there are no “safe“ levels of radioactivity-only “acceptable“ levels. )We could probably greatly reduce the risks associated with nuclear power by simply exercising more care and common sense. There are numerous published accounts that attest to our carel

43、essness, however. For example, it has been revealed that the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in California was built on an earthquake fault line. At the WNP-2 plant in Washington State, the concrete contained air bubbles and pockets of water as well as shields that had been incorrectly welded. In

44、1981, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission inspected forty-three plants that were under construction and rated seven “below average“ and thirty-six “average“. None were rated even “above average“.Completely apart from the possibility of accidents, there is the unsolved problem of what to do with the ra

45、dioactive wastes generated in the course of normal nuclear plant reactions. The problem is a tough one since such wastes can only be rendered safe by the passage of time. The waste radioactivity is .generated in the fuel system of the reactors because only a part of the fuel is fissionable and, for

46、technical reasons, not all of the fissionable elements are spent. Much of the spent fuel materials removed from the reactor can be reused. However, some of the radioactive fuel in the spent elements cannot be removed, and this material adds to the radioactive waste.We have already generated over 10,

47、000 tons of nuclear waste, with another 47,000 tons expected by 19951 Most of the waste is in the form of fuel rods which are, for now, stored in baths filled with a solution of neutron-absorbing boric acid. The problem is that these are only temporary repositories and, unless new space is found, ex

48、isting plants must begin closing for lack of space. The rods can be reprocessed, but the technology could lead to the fuel for nuclear weapons.The reprocessing also leaves “high-level liquid waste“ that must be stored. The prevailing idea at the moment is to dry the liquid and mix it with molten glass that, when it hardens, can be stored in tanks. Suggestions range from burying it in the Antarctic to sending it into space.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the selection?（分数：1.00）A.Numerous risks an