专业八级-140及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-140 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING and also spend as many as 12bn in shopping and travel up to age 19 7 via the commercial sector. They want to see services improved, not just for themselves but for their families and neighbours too. Involving young people as Young Inspectors makes

2、a business 8 sense, and is a means of developing young people“s self-esteem, their ability to analyse and communicate, and many other skills that are critical to employers. At the NCB we are pleased with Positive For Youth“s holistic approach to give young people more opportunities and better 9 supp

3、ort, and we will be eagerly watching to see what the policies 10 take shape.（分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Evelyn Coke spent 20 years as a home care aide helping the elderly and the sick, but she did not live and see fair labor laws 1 applied to her work. In a case that it went to the Supreme

4、Court in 2007, Ms. 2 Coke, who died in 2009, sued her employer with years of unpaid 3 overtime work. This month, the president invoked Ms. Coke“s memory when he announced that the Labor Department had proposed changes to the provisions which the court had based its 4 decision. At issue in Ms. Coke“s

5、 case is a 1975 labor rule that defined 5 home care aides as “companions,“ a class of workers that do not 6 qualify for federal minimum wage and overtime protections. Ms. Coke“s lawyer, Craig Becker, argued that the rule was supposed to apply only to occasional domestic workers, like baby sitters, n

6、ot home care aides-one of the nation“s fastest-growing occupations and one whose duties often include feeding, bathing and dressing clients. And the justices said that only Congress or the Labor 7 Department could change the rule, not the court. The new proposal states clearly that home care aides w

7、ho are employed by third-party agencies are entitled to the minimum wage and overtime payment. Aides hired directly by families are also 8 covered if they are engaging in housekeeping or spend more than 9 20 percent of their time on activities other than companionship. The Labor Department will fina

8、lize the proposal after a 60-day public comment period. Some home care agencies are sure to complain, but the Labor Department should stand firmly. 10 （分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The fact that the world“s cities are getting more and more crowded is a well-documented demographic fact. Cities

9、 such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered “mega-cities“, reflecting their enormous size and huge populations, which in many cases is around the twenty million-mark. There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded: one economic and other socio-cul

10、tural. 1 Undoubtedly, the primary cause for cities becoming so crowded is economic. With a country develops, its cities become 2 the engines of development. Furthermore, many jobs are available 3 in these areas. Tokyo, for example, is the motor for Japan“s rapid 4 economic development in the 1960“s

11、and 70“ s; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to Tokyo so that they could find jobs and establish economic security themselves and 5 their families. A further factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrating to the

12、6 cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personnel 7 reasons. The better universities are always located in big cities and this attracts tens of thousands of students every year. These students usually stay up and work in the city after they graduate. 8 Moreover, young people will mov

13、e to the city as if the villages and 9 rural areas are often governed by custom and tradition, which they believe is an obstacle to their private freedom. In conclusion, we can say that amongst the many causes behind urban population density, the economic or cultural are the 10 most significant. Peo

14、ple always move to the areas which provide opportunity and the freedom they desire. It is now the responsibility of municipal councils to make sure these people are housed, clothed, fed and educated.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Christmas is the time to make the beloved ones feel special. A h

15、ug and a kiss would probably be more than enough but gifts are the ornaments of mutual love and respect. Choosing the right gift for the right person may either be a pleasure or a pain in the chest. Failure would result from misery on your part even if the recipient 1 doesn“t tell you the truth and

16、pretend to be unhappy about the item, 2 which might actually be a complete disappointment on his/her part. However, many people believe that a guide on choosing 3 the right Christmas gift might be great help. 4 The primary factor when choosing a Christmas gift is of course the degree of your relatio

17、nship with the receiver. It mainly determines the value and type of the gift. Age is proved to be 5 another important factor in buying not only Christmas gifts but gifts for any type of occasion. Particularly men tend to be less careful and caring when bought gifts for the same sex. Women, on 6 the

18、other hand, are less careful though they may act with a sense of 7 revenge if the receiver has been disappointed her in the previous 8 exchange. Buying gifts for colleagues or for other people at the workplace is a difficult story. Rank and status can sometimes be 9 more important than the degree of

19、 friendship. Just as a form of social contract people holding more or less familiar ranks are 10 expected to buy gifts roughly the same value for each other.（分数：25.00）专业八级-140 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING and also spend as many as 12bn in shopping and travel up to age 19 7 via the comme

20、rcial sector. They want to see services improved, not just for themselves but for their families and neighbours too. Involving young people as Young Inspectors makes a business 8 sense, and is a means of developing young people“s self-esteem, their ability to analyse and communicate, and many other

21、skills that are critical to employers. At the NCB we are pleased with Positive For Youth“s holistic approach to give young people more opportunities and better 9 support, and we will be eagerly watching to see what the policies 10 take shape.（分数：25.00）解析：teenagersthat解析 语法错误。此处 teenagers.local commu

22、nities用来说明expectation的内容，应该是同位语从句，而同位语从句的引导词 that是不能省略的。解析：accessingassessing解析 词汇错误。此题考查形近词的区分。access 意为“接近，使用”，assess意为“评估，评定”。而此处要表达的意思是“年轻人有能力对社区服务进行评估”，所以应该用 assess。解析：government-fundinggovernment-funded解析 语法错误。此处 government-funding是分词作定语，而 fund(资助)与其所修饰的词 scheme之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作定语，意为“由政府资助的”，

23、相当于 scheme that Was funded by government。解析：traintrains解析 语法错误。train 的主语 which代替的是先行词 Young Inspectors，本文中的 Young Inspectors指的是一次活动，是一个单数概念的词组，所以谓语动词也应该用单数。解析：schemehas解析 语法错误。本句中表示时间的状语 so far意为“到目前为止”，通常和现在完成时态连用，故加上 has。解析：illegallegal解析 语篇错误。从上下文看，通过公共服务来听取用户的意见应该是一项合法的要求，而不是非法的要求。否则就不会有“青年监督员”这

24、一计划的出台了。解析：manymuch解析 词汇错误。此处 many修饰12bn，而钱是不可数名词，故将 many改为 much。解析：a a 解析 词汇错误。make.sense 为固定词组，意为“讲得通，有意义”，此处表明“具有商业意义”，故删掉不定冠词 a。解析：givegiving解析 词汇错误。approach to.为固定搭配，意为“的方法(途径)”，to 为介词，其后应接名词或动名词。解析：whathow解析 语法错误。在 what引导的从句中，what 既不是作主语，也不能直接作 take shape(形成)的宾语，放在这里句子从语法和意义上都解释不通。此处应改为 how，句子

25、意为“我们正热切关注这些政策将如何形成”。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Evelyn Coke spent 20 years as a home care aide helping the elderly and the sick, but she did not live and see fair labor laws 1 applied to her work. In a case that it went to the Supreme Court in 2007, Ms. 2 Coke, who died in 2009, sued her employer wi

26、th years of unpaid 3 overtime work. This month, the president invoked Ms. Coke“s memory when he announced that the Labor Department had proposed changes to the provisions which the court had based its 4 decision. At issue in Ms. Coke“s case is a 1975 labor rule that defined 5 home care aides as “com

27、panions,“ a class of workers that do not 6 qualify for federal minimum wage and overtime protections. Ms. Coke“s lawyer, Craig Becker, argued that the rule was supposed to apply only to occasional domestic workers, like baby sitters, not home care aides-one of the nation“s fastest-growing occupation

28、s and one whose duties often include feeding, bathing and dressing clients. And the justices said that only Congress or the Labor 7 Department could change the rule, not the court. The new proposal states clearly that home care aides who are employed by third-party agencies are entitled to the minim

29、um wage and overtime payment. Aides hired directly by families are also 8 covered if they are engaging in housekeeping or spend more than 9 20 percent of their time on activities other than companionship. The Labor Department will finalize the proposal after a 60-day public comment period. Some home

30、 care agencies are sure to complain, but the Labor Department should stand firmly. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：and(see)to解析 语篇错误。原句中 live和 see是并列谓语，但第一个谓语动词 did not live在语义上解释不通，改为 did not live to see后，不定式 to see.用来修饰 live，表示“她到死都没有看到适用于她的职业的公平的劳动法规的诞生”，符合上下文的意思。解析：it it 解析 语法错误。本句的主语为 Ms. Coke,这里 that引导的是定语从句，

31、用来修饰case。而在定语从句中 that代替 case，作从句中的主语，所以 it是多余的，应删掉。本句的意思是“在 2007年一桩上诉至最高法院的官司中，科克女士(已于 2009年去世)控告其雇主多年来要求她无偿加班”。解析：withfor解析 词汇错误。sue 意为“控告”，其用法是 sue sb. for sth.意为“因为控告某人”。解析：whichon解析 语法错误。which 引导的是定语从句，用以修饰 provisions。而在定语从句中，which所代替的先行词 provision(法律条款)既不是作主语，也不是作宾语，根据上下文意思，应该是用在 based the deci

32、sion on the provisions结构中，所以应在 which前加上 on。解析：iswas解析 语法错误。此段的前几句话都是在描述当年科克女士那桩官司的情况，所以应该用过去时态。此句是一个倒装句，主语是 a 1975 labor rule，谓语是 Was, at issue是表语，意为“在科克女士的那个案子中，1975 年制定的劳动法是大家争论的焦点”。解析：dodoes解析 语法错误。do 是定语从句中的助动词，而定语从句的主语 that代替的是先行词 a class of workers，其中心词是 class，是一个单数形式的名词，所以助动词也应该用单数形式 does。解析：

33、AndBut解析 语篇错误。上一句科克女士的辩护律师争论到 1975年的劳动法不适用于家庭护理工作者，而这一句法官表示只有国会和劳工部能够改变这法律。前后两句在语义上存在转折关系。而用在句首，且没有逗号分开的表示转折关系的连词只有 but，故此处改为 But。解析：paymentpay解析 词汇错误。payment 意为“(商业，信贷)支付，付款”，pay 意为“工资，薪饷”，既可指 wage，也可指 salary。此处要表达的意思是“加班工资”，应用 pay。解析：engagingengaged解析 词汇错误。be engaged in 是固定词组，意为“参与，从事于，忙于”。解析：firm

34、lyfirm解析 语法错误。从上下文分析，此处 stand应该用作系动词，表示“处于某种状态”，因此其后应接形容词，构成系表结构，stand firm 在此处意为“保持坚定立场”。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The fact that the world“s cities are getting more and more crowded is a well-documented demographic fact. Cities such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered “mega

35、-cities“, reflecting their enormous size and huge populations, which in many cases is around the twenty million-mark. There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so crowded: one economic and other socio-cultural. 1 Undoubtedly, the primary cause for cities becoming so crowded

36、is economic. With a country develops, its cities become 2 the engines of development. Furthermore, many jobs are available 3 in these areas. Tokyo, for example, is the motor for Japan“s rapid 4 economic development in the 1960“s and 70“ s; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved

37、to Tokyo so that they could find jobs and establish economic security themselves and 5 their families. A further factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrating to the 6 cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personnel 7 rea

38、sons. The better universities are always located in big cities and this attracts tens of thousands of students every year. These students usually stay up and work in the city after they graduate. 8 Moreover, young people will move to the city as if the villages and 9 rural areas are often governed b

39、y custom and tradition, which they believe is an obstacle to their private freedom. In conclusion, we can say that amongst the many causes behind urban population density, the economic or cultural are the 10 most significant. People always move to the areas which provide opportunity and the freedom

40、they desire. It is now the responsibility of municipal councils to make sure these people are housed, clothed, fed and educated.（分数：25.00）解析：otherthe解析 词汇错误。此句分析了大城市人口众多的两个主要原因：一个是经济原因，另一个是社会文化原因，此处应该用短语 one.the other来表达，意思是“一个另一个”。所以此处要增加定冠词 the。解析：WithAs解析 语法错误。with 是介词，后面应该接名词、名词短语或代词，a country d

41、evelops具有完整的主谓结构，所以应该由连词连接，此处该改为 As。此句的意思是“随着一个国家的发展，这个国家的城市也成为其发展的主动力。”解析：FurthermoreTherefore解析 语篇错误。上文提出，“随着一个国家的发展，这个国家的城市也成为其发展的主动力”，紧接着分析了“在这样的地区，有很多就业的机会”。两个句子间应该是因果关系，下一句表结果而不是表递进含义，所以这里应该用 Therefore。解析：iswas解析 语法错误。此处考查时态的运用。根据此句的时间状语 in the 1960“s and 70“s推断，此处应该用一般过去时，而分号后面 increased也与此相呼

42、应，所以将 is改为 was。解析：themselvesfor解析 词汇错误。establish.for.,意思是“为建立”。此处的意思是“为自己和家人建立经济保障”。如果除去 for，该句的意思就变成了“他们自己建立经济保障”，与后面的 and their families则失去了语义关联。所以要增加 for。解析：migratingmigrate解析 语法错误。migrating 在句中是现在分词，若作定语修饰前面的名词people，则该句缺乏谓语动词。此句唯一可以作谓语的就是动词 migrate，所以将 migrating改为migrate。该句的意思是“成千上万的人移民到城市不仅仅是为

43、了工作，还为了教育和个人原因。”解析：personnelpersonal解析 词汇错误。personnel 是名词，意思为“人员；人事部门”，personal是形容词，意思为“个人的，私人的”。此处与 reason搭配，应该表示的是“个人原因”，所以这里改为 personal。解析：upon解析 词汇错误。此处考查了 stay的动词短语词义辨析。stay up 意思是“熬夜”，stay on意思是“继续停留”。该句意为“大学生毕业后通常会继续留在大城市工作”，而不是表示“熬夜”，所以将 up改为 on。解析：if if 解析 语法错误。as if 意为“似乎，好像”，在句中引导方式状语从句时常

44、使用虚拟语气。此处从句是解释为什么年轻人愿意迁居至城市的原因，故将 if去掉，改为由 as引导的原因状语从句。该句意为“甚至，年轻人愿意迁居至城市是因为他们认为农村地区的习俗和传统会阻碍他们的个人自由。”解析：orand解析 词汇错误。此句为文章的总结，说明导致城市人口密集的两大重要原因分别是经济和文化原因。经济和文化两者是并列关系而不是选择关系，这一点也与第一段结尾处的 economic以及socio-cultural相呼应，所以要将 or改为 and。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Christmas is the time to make the beloved o

45、nes feel special. A hug and a kiss would probably be more than enough but gifts are the ornaments of mutual love and respect. Choosing the right gift for the right person may either be a pleasure or a pain in the chest. Failure would result from misery on your part even if the recipient 1 doesn“t te

46、ll you the truth and pretend to be unhappy about the item, 2 which might actually be a complete disappointment on his/her part. However, many people believe that a guide on choosing 3 the right Christmas gift might be great help. 4 The primary factor when choosing a Christmas gift is of course the d

47、egree of your relationship with the receiver. It mainly determines the value and type of the gift. Age is proved to be 5 another important factor in buying not only Christmas gifts but gifts for any type of occasion. Particularly men tend to be less careful and caring when bought gifts for the same

48、sex. Women, on 6 the other hand, are less careful though they may act with a sense of 7 revenge if the receiver has been disappointed her in the previous 8 exchange. Buying gifts for colleagues or for other people at the workplace is a difficult story. Rank and status can sometimes be 9 more importa

49、nt than the degree of friendship. Just as a form of social contract people holding more or less familiar ranks are 10 expected to buy gifts roughly the same value for each other.（分数：25.00）解析：fromin解析 词汇错误。此处考查的是动词 result的短语搭配。result in 意思为“导致”，result from意思为“来源于”。此处痛苦是因为送礼物的失败而引起的，故应该改为 in表示“导致”。这句话的意思是“即使收礼物的人不会告诉你真相并假装很喜欢这份礼物，就你而言，选送礼物的失败也可能导致痛苦。”解析：unhappyhappy解析 语篇错误。前半句说“收礼物的人没有说出真相”，其后的定语从句又表明“对于收礼物的人而言，他们可能会完全对这份礼物感到失望”。所以应该是 pretend to be happy(假装很喜欢这份礼物)，此处需改为 happy。解析：H