职称英语理工类B类-阅读判断专项突破及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B 类-阅读判断专项突破及答案解析(总分：99.96，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Black HolesMost scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球体). Astronomers (天文学家) think that at t

2、he center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (无限的) density (稠密). This single point is called a singularity (奇点). If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a blac

3、k hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons.No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they ar

4、e invisible to a telescope.In astronomical terms, black holes are truly tiny. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (视界) only 18 miles across.The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trill

5、ion (万亿) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.（分数：2

6、4.99）(1).Black holes are part of space.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).The center of a black hole is empty.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).The attraction of two large stars lea

7、ds to gravity.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).The Hubble Space Telescope helps sc

8、ientists to understand the nature of the universe.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.Where Has the Salt Come from?Every now and then, we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no answer for the fact has yet been found. Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans. H

9、ow did it get there?We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean! We do know, of course, that salt is water-soluble, and so passes into the oceans with rainwater. The salt of the earths surface is constantly being dissolved (溶解) and is passing into the ocean.But we do not know whether this

10、can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans. If all the oceans were dried up, enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator (赤道)!The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of sal

11、t lakes, from salt springs (源泉) and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration (浓度) of salt in seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea, which covers an area of about 340 square miles, contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of salt!On the average, a gallon

12、(加仑) of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of salt. The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally formed by the evaporation (蒸发) of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth o

13、f the volume of seawater had been evaporated.Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt. The usual method is to drill wells (井) down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down (抽进去) through a pipe. The water dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.（分数：24.99）(

14、1).We have not fully understood how salt got into the ocean.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).The author is sure that the dissolved salt from the earths surface is the only source of the huge quantity of salt found in oceans.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).If all the ocea

15、ns were dried up, the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).The percentage of salt content in the Red Sea is higher than that in the Dead Sea.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the w

16、orld.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).After evaporation, about ten percent of seawater becomes rock salt.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).Most commercial salt is obtained from seawater.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.The Smog (烟雾)For over a month, Indonesia was

17、 in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia, Singapo

18、re and Thailand.When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous (有毒的). Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息) and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately.The smog made it

19、impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot (烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog.Finally, heavy rains, which came in November, put out the fires and cleared the air. But the environmen

20、tal costs and health problems will remain. Many people from South- Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes (汽车排放的废气) and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non- sufferers may have difficulties for the first time. Wildlife h

21、as suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog w

22、as so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents. About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.（分数：24.99）(1).Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).The smog spread to neighb

23、ouring countries.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).Water was used to try to break up the smog.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).Many Indonesians blamed the government for

24、 the drought.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).The forest animals havent been affected by the smog.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).7 The word “smog“ first appeared in 1952.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy

25、 thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. I

26、t was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto th

27、eir sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉色的). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward

28、 the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. “The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high

29、wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the

30、high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened eme

31、rgency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder. “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. /（分数：24.99）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday

32、evening.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the

33、storm.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).Several people were missi

34、ng during the storm.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.职称英语理工类 B 类-阅读判断专项突破答案解析(总分：99.96，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Black HolesMost scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is

35、 shaped like a sphere (球体). Astronomers (天文学家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (无限的) density (稠密). This single point is called a singularity (奇点). If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the materi

36、al in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons.No light o

37、r anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope.In astronomical terms, black holes are truly tiny. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (视界) only 18 miles across.The nearest black holes would be dozens o

38、f light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion (万亿) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so

39、 black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.（分数：24.99）(1).Black holes are part of space.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(2).Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(3).The center of a black hole is empty.ARight BWrong

40、CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B. C.解析：(4).The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C. 解析：(5).The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C. 解析：(6).The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.

41、ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B. C.解析：(7).The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：Where Has the Salt Come from?Every now and then, we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no ans

42、wer for the fact has yet been found. Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans. How did it get there?We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean! We do know, of course, that salt is water-soluble, and so passes into the oceans with rainwater. The salt of the earths surface is cons

43、tantly being dissolved (溶解) and is passing into the ocean.But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans. If all the oceans were dried up, enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the

44、Equator (赤道)!The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes, from salt springs (源泉) and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration (浓度) of salt in seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea, which covers an area of ab

45、out 340 square miles, contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of salt!On the average, a gallon (加仑) of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of salt. The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally formed by the evaporation (蒸发) of seawater millions of years

46、ago. It is believed that the thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of the volume of seawater had been evaporated.Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt. The usual method is to drill wells (井) down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down (抽进去) through a pipe. The wa

47、ter dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.（分数：24.99）(1).We have not fully understood how salt got into the ocean.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(2).The author is sure that the dissolved salt from the earths surface is the only source of the huge q

48、uantity of salt found in oceans.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B. C.解析：(3).If all the oceans were dried up, the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(4).The percentage of salt content in the Red Sea is higher than that in the Dead

49、 Sea.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C. 解析：(5).Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(6).After evaporation, about ten percent of seawater becomes rock salt.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(7).Most commercial salt is obtained from seawater.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B. C.解析：The Smog (烟雾)For over a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged