阅读理解-练习十及答案解析.doc

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1、阅读理解-练习十及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Test 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：6.00)How would you like to step into the weird and often messy world of other peoples dreams? Its not a problem for Special Agent Dom Cobb (Leonardo DiCaprio). The industrial spy steals secrets when his victims are at their m

2、ost vulnerable, when they are asleep and dreaming. He has an even rarer ability: He can plant an idea in someones sleeping mind, and watch it grow and take root in reality. This ability is called inception.A dream is a series of visual images and audio sounds formed by nerve signals in the brain dur

3、ing sleep. In the 1950s, researchers discovered a cycle that occurs around every 90 to 120 minutes during sleep: rapid eye movement, or REM. During this period youre fast asleep, yet your brain is nearly as active as during the day, thats when most dreams occur.In 1900, Sigmund Freud published his l

4、andmark study, The Interpretation of Dreams. For Freud, dreams are a complicated system of unconscious desire and conflict that are always connected to early childhood. They are expressed through very specific symbols, most of which are sexual. An apple or a peach symbolizes a womans breast, for exa

5、mple.Many contemporary scientists believe that dreams can have definite meanings and express repressed inner emotions, such as fear and anxiety. So if you dream of being chased by a giant spider, for example, it could reflect that you feel trapped by some current situation or relationship you want d

6、esperately to escape but are afraid to confront.According to Freud, a dream springs from an unconscious Wish or desire during sleep. Some today have a different view: We dream simply because during sleep the forebrain fires random nerve Signals, as a way of “resetting“ a complex system of brain chem

7、icals. It is as if the sleeping brain is quickly and randomly cleaning house for better use during the day.We typically spend more than two hours each night dreaming. Parts of the brain are nearly as active during sleep as when youre awake. These parts interact to form dreams. Dreams almost always o

8、ccur during REM sleep.The pons-a small band of nerves in the brain stem-fires nerve signals that cause REM sleep, as well as visual images-and audio sounds of dreams. The pons also sends signals that shut off neurons in the spinal cord, causing temporary paralysis of the limb muscles,Your daytime ex

9、periences are stored as memories in the hippocampus (大脑海成区). During REM sleep, the hippocampus may help replay the memories in a kind of “twisted“ dream form. Some researchers think that dreams help translate daytime experiences into long-term memory; dreams may also help you make mental connections

10、 that build up the skills you learn when awake.Some scientists believe dreams are the cortex (脑皮层)s attempt to find meaning in the random signals that it receives during REM sleep. The cortex is the part of the brain that interprets and organizes information from the environment during consciousness

11、. It may be that, given random signals from the pons during REM sleep, the cortex tries to interpret these signals as well, creating a “story“ out of fragmented brain activity.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE about dream?（分数：1.00）A.Dreaming is a kind of inception.B.We have dreams When we

12、have nerve signals.C.Visual images and audio Sounds comprise a dream.D.Dreams happen merely in REM perio(2).The writer has mentioned all that about Freud EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.The Interpretation of Dreams is a significant book written by FreudB.Freud had a miserable childhood.C.Freud holds dreams

13、 come from unconscious wish or desireD.Freuds theory is not accepted by everyone(3).What can be concluded from the passages about REM?（分数：1.00）A.REM is a disease occurring during sleep.B.REM sleep is caused by some signals.C.REM lasts 90120 minutes every night.D.Dreams almost always happen during RE

14、M sleep.(4).From the passage we can NOT infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.hippocampus replays the memories in a kind of “twisted“ dream formB.dreams help translate daytime experiences into short-term memoryC.dreams help build up the skills you learn when awakeD.the pons fires nerve signals that cause REM slee

15、p(5).What is the cortex according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It is the part of the brain that interprets and organizes information from the environment during consciousness.B.It is the part of the brain that interprets and organizes information from the environment during unconsciousness.C.It is the

16、part of the brains that attempts to create a story out of fragmented brain activity.D.It is the part of the brain that tries to interpret the signals and create a story out of fragmented brain activity.(6).Which of the following can best serve as the title for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.All about dreams

17、.B.What is inception?C.How does REM work?D.Freuds theory about dreams.三、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two

18、; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands.I never heard of anyone m

19、aking a skeleton, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern (认识) things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary se

20、lf-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it.Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read not

21、hing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot work out the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk endlessly about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around

22、 them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be h

23、is undoing: he has begun to write to please.A young English writer made the pertinent (相关的) observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or mov

24、ement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy (混乱) of his heart; He submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from li

25、ving with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the word “journey“ in Paragraph I refer to?（分数：1.00）A.A trip.B.The inspiration.C.The writing.D.The eagerness.(2).What does “making a skeleton“ mean in Paragraph 2?（分数：1.00）A.Creating a story.B.M

26、aking an outline.C.Contacting a Sick person.D.Studying the stuctur(3).How is the writing created according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It has been structured in mind before writing.B.It is the combination of others opinions.C.It is created through the process as we were taught in school.D.It is create

27、d in the breaking and remarkin(4).The attitude of the author towards the writers flirting with fame is _.（分数：1.00）A.negativeB.admiredC.concernedD.positive四、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If not for the presence of Lionel Messi and Zlatan Ibrahimovic, the FC Barcelena squad that visited Beijing last week would

28、 look almost-totally .unfamiliar. Why? Because the majority of its normal starting lineup didnt even bother to con.Thus, Barcas Asian tour proved to be another example of dollar profiteering by the European soccer powers. Back in 2003, I paid 180 yuan to watch a game featuring Raul, Ronaldo, Zinedin

29、e Zidane, David Beckham, and Luis Figo in Beijing Workers stadium. But now, in 2010, my 1, 280-yuan ticket merely let me see Messi and Ibrahimovic for only 45 minutes each.Most of the 50,000 fans didnt even know the name of the players kicking the ball around. Only on a few occasions did people chee

30、r, and that was because Messi had the ball.Every summer around this time, soccer fever reaches its climax in Asian countries, where big-shot clubs take turns playing commercial games. Very often, those games are criticized for their lame performances or absence of stars. But the question is. Will th

31、e situation ever change for the better? I dont think so.Think of it from the players perspective. You need some rest badly after working hard for months; and your club asks you to travel around Asia on your vacation time and play still more soccer matches.When you are doing a job only for money and

32、not out of true passion, would you do it with all of your heart? Probably not.We have seen fans in South Korea protesting because Messi only played there for 15 minutes. We have heard the protests of Chinese reporters complaining that players are not Cooperating in press conferences.In return, we he

33、ard Barca coach Pep Guardiola repeatedly complaining about the pitch quality at the Birds Nest. We witnessed the stars jogging, instead of sprinting, on the grass. Besides their desultory performances, they didnt even smile.Chinese fans should abandon the belief that a star will respond to fans with

34、 the same passion fans have for him. Its all about demand and supply, with money being the key driving force.So I left my seat 15 minutes early to go out and take some pictures-as this was my first time to visit the Birds Nest. I will only remember the spectacular stadium. As for the game, there is

35、really nothing worth remembering, except perhaps for the 1,280-yuan ticket that was being sold for 280 yuan just before the game started.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the phrase “starting lineup“ most properly mean in Paragraph 1?（分数：1.00）A.The starting line.B.The Coach.C.The main players.D.The spectators.

36、(2).The reason why the author mentions the match in 2003 is _.（分数：1.00）A.to express his proud that he attended itB.to compare with the current matchC.to tell the readers whos his favorite playerD.to warn the readers not to watch the game(3).Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as the r

37、eason why the players had lame performance?（分数：1.00）A.They were not given enough money.B.They needed rest.C.They were doing it only for money not out of true passions.D.They were forced by the clu(4).Whats the attitude of the author towards commercial games?（分数：1.00）A.Interested.B.Excited.C.Disappoi

38、nted.D.Heart-broken.(5).According to the author, whats the key to driving the game?（分数：1.00）A.Passions.B.Demands.C.Affection.D.Money.五、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Any industry that mislays 25%30% of its product in the process of delivering it might reasonably be thought to have a problem. Yet, according to

39、 the World Bank, that is the case for the worlds water companies. Though water is cheap, it is not free. According to a report published by the Bank in 2006, leaks even then were costing $14 billion a year. But to plug a leak you have to find it. Water mains (自来水管道) are hard to inspect, particularly

40、 if they are underground. Many are old and thus decrepit (破旧). And outright theft is not unheard of, as the poor seek to fill their drinking vessels and the rich their swimming pools. An effective way of detecting leaks, both accidental and deliberate, would therefore be welcome.TaKaDu, a firm based

41、 near Tel Aviv, thinks it has one. The problem, in the view of its founder, Amir Peleg, is not a lack of data per se, but a lack of analysis. If anything, water companies-at least, those in the rich world-have too much information. A typical firms network may have hundreds, or even thousands, of sen

42、sors. The actual difficulty faced by water companies, Dr Peleg believes, is interpreting the signals those sensors are sending. It is impossible for people to handle all the incoming signals, and surprisingly hard for a computer, too.TaKaDus engineers have therefore developed a monitoring system cal

43、led a statistical anomaly (异常) detection engine that is intended to identify clues in the data which might otherwise be missed. It applies a range of statistical tests (linear-regression analysis is one of the more familiar) to the data stream, and thus works out when the incoming signals are deviat

44、ing significantly from normal behavior. Sometimes such deviations are caused by faulty meters, and sometimes they are caused by leaks. Either way, that is valuable knowledge.To know what is deviant you have, of course, to know what is normal. Even a 1% change in flow rate can sometimes be significan

45、t, if it is persistent, but that is not always the case. Existing leak-detection systems therefore have thresholds built into them, to avoid false alarms. The price of this is that small leaks may go undetected and thus unrepaired, which often leads to larger leaks later. The detection engine attemp

46、ts to work out what is important by using a process of continuous modelling to define normality. This identifies both obvious patterns-such as daily, weekly and annual flow-rates-and subtle ones, such as correlations between the behaviours of widely separated parts of the system that are brought abo

47、ut by things like similarities in network layout or in the behaviour of local customers.Other firms are following suit, TaKaDus detection engine is now looking after the water supply in a dozen places in Australia, Europe and Latin America, as well as in Israel itself. One of its early victories was

48、 in Jerusalem, where it found that a fire hydrant was indeed being used to fill a private swimming pool-pulling the plug, as it were, on a very surprised water thief.（分数：5.00）(1).In Paragraph 1, the author mentions all of the following listed below EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.the water mains are hard t

49、o inspectB.the water mains are undergroundC.the water mains are old and decrepitD.the water theft frequently happens(2).What does the word “sensor“ most properly mean in Paragraph 2?（分数：1.00）A.An animal living underground.B.An element existing in water.C.Equipment used to gather information.D.A network built by the water company.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the statistical anomaly detection engine is _.（分数：1.00）A.successfulB.failedC.promisingD.developing(4).It is TRUE about existing leak-detection systems th