阅读理解(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、阅读理解(四)及答案解析(总分：98.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section C(总题数：4，分数：46.00)People are not generally aware of the popularity of pet ownership. Research shows that pets act as companions and protectors, stress relievers and in some cases help to foster family cohesion. While pets are traditionally associated with fa

2、mily-type households, they are just as important to households without children. In an era when the population is ageing and more people are living along, pets can provide valuable relief from loneliness.Urban pet management has been the subject of extensive debate among veterinarians and those invo

3、lved in local government for some time. Part of the reason is that people complain more readily about other peoples pets than ever before. Emphasis on urban consolidation has meant that smaller homes and back gardens and multi-dwelling developments not only discourage people from owing pets but also

4、 place greater demands on scarce public open space. Pet owners may face tougher restrictions from either their local council or resident management committee. The term “ socially responsible pet ownership“ has emerged to describe a set of responsibilities to which pet owners are now expected to adhe

5、re.It might be tempting to prescribe different pets for different types of housing. Some people already have firm views about pets and housing type, mostly in relation to dogs, e. g. that the only environment for a dog is in conventional detached housing or that a “ big“ dog is only suitable in the

6、country. However, suitability is as much dependent on the quality of space as it is on the quantity. A dwelling that overlooks areas of activity is ideal for pets because it increases the amount of stimulation that can be received from the property, e. g. dwellings that overlook a park or are adjace

7、nt to a busy street. This is one way to alleviate boredom and the negative behaviors that sometimes result.Preferably a dog should have access to some outdoor space. Open space is not essential for a cat provided an enriching environment is maintained indoors, e. g. a bay window or internal fernery.

8、 Ideally dogs should have access to all areas of open space on a property. On the whole a dogs behavior is likely to be better if he or she can see the street. Although the dog may bark at passers-by in the street, there will be less likelihood of excessive barking that might arise through boredom.

9、Providing a dog with surveillance of the street also enhances public security-a very positive benefit.With adequate fencing, a dog will be confined to the property. The standard paling fence will restrain almost all dogs. They are recommended for side and rear boundaries. Furthermore, all gates shou

10、ld be fitted with a return spring self-closing device. Cats are not as easily restrained as dog as they are more agile and have quite different notions of territoriality. Mostly this does not create a problem, although difficulties may arise in environmentally sensitive areas where cats may prey on

11、wildlife. It is recommended that cats be confined to the house at night for their own protection.Owning a pet brings with it responsibilities to which we are increasingly being called to adhere. It is hoped that the guidelines will encourage people to think about pets in decisions about residential

12、and community development. If they do, pet ownership will not be prejudiced by the push for urban consolidation.（分数：10.00）(1).Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.Residence with enough open space, such as a country house, is a must for people to keep a pet dog

13、.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Fencing helps to confine a dog to the property, so people should build solid fences all around it.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Open space is unnecessary for a cat in a house with an enriching environment because a cat has a strict sense of the boundary of its owners house.（分数：2.00）A.正确

14、B.错误(4)._ smaller homes and back gardens and multi-dwelling development not only discourage people from owning pets but also place greater demands on scarce public open space.（分数：2.00）_(5).It is hoped that the guidelines will encourage people to think about pets in decisions about residential and co

15、mmunity development.（分数：2.00）_For many adults, a typical work day might be as follows: The alarm goes off at 6:00 am. You dress yourself in expensive work clothes, gobble down breakfast, and start off on your long and stressful commute to the office. Then you spend your day at your desk, attempting

16、to complete your tasks amid co-worker chitchat and office politics. After that, you make your way home through the commuter crowds. You have just enough time for a few hours of relaxation before you have to get up and repeat the process all over again the next day. For these people, telecommuting wi

17、ll probably be seen as an answer to the daily stress and frustration of office jobs.Telecommuting, also known as teleworking or working from home, is a term that refers to using telecommunications to work in a place removed from the companys office, most often in a home office. Few people telecommut

18、e full time, but a growing number of companies are allowing their employees to work from home at least part of the time. The Wall Street Joumal reports that the number of people worldwide who telecommute at least one day per month had risen from about 22 million in 1998 to about 82.5 million in 2007

19、, and this number is expected to surpass 100 million by the beginning of the next decade.Employers have met this growing demand to work from home with both acceptance and resistance. On the one hand, employers understand that offering telecommuting opportunities is a way to cut costs. Despite the in

20、itial cost incurred in setting a telecommuter up with the appropriate technology, there are long-term 10,000 per year for each worker, according to the Industrial and Technology Assistance Corporation (ITAC). In addition, offering telecommuting opportunities reduces absenteeism, increases productivi

21、ty, and decreases employee turnover. Workers are happier and less stressed. Therefore, they work harder and are more loyal to their employers. Employers also see telecommuting as a powerful recruitment tool to attract top talent. In a survey of top company CFOs, Robert Half Technology cited telecomm

22、uting as second only to salary when deciding whether to take a job.（分数：12.00）(1).Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.The number of telecommuters is steadily rising.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Employers have mixed feelings about telecommuting.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).The

23、 average employee office space costs an employer about 100, 000 a year.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).It is less difficult to manage an on-site worker than a telecommuter.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Telecommuting, also known as teleworking or working from home, is a term that refers to the use of telecommunications

24、to work in a place removed from the companys office, most often at a home office.（分数：2.00）_(6).The trend toward telecommuting is clear, but the long-term effects on corporate culture and the individual worker are unknown.（分数：2.00）_About forty percent of all email traffic in the United States is spam

25、, and this figure is climbing rapidly. Spam is usually defined as unsolicited, mass commercial email. It is often associated with advertisements for pornographic websites, drugs, or surgery that can enhance your sex life. Within another year or so, industry experts predict, half of all email message

26、s will be unsolicited.The flood of email marketing causes headaches for email users. Additionally, it costs corporations billions of dollars and reduces employee productivity. According to a recent study, the average employee spends almost seven minutes per day handing an average of 13 spam messages

27、. This translates to major corporate losses. The annual cost of spam has reached 9 billion for US corporations alone.（分数：12.00）(1).In this part, go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 65 to 67, writeYES if the statement agrees with the information given in the passageNO

28、if the statement contradicts the information given in the passageSpam is defined as any commercial email.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Spammers use software to guess at email addresses.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).The only way to slow spam is to buy a spam filter.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Choose the best answer according

29、 to the passage.Which of the following is NOT a problem caused by spam?A. Email users are frustrated.B. Companies lose money.C. Intemet chat rooms attract many users.D. Employees lose work time.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What position do major ISPs take towards spam?A. They encourage it.B. They are agains

30、t it.C. They think anti-spam legislation violates individual rights.D. They find they just cant do anything about it.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Complete the SUMMARY by using one word from the passage for each blank.Spam messages are increasing rapidly and are soon expected to make up about half of all ema

31、il messages. Using (70) methods, spammers can send millions of emails with the click of a button. Anti-spammers struggle to keep up with their tactics, using trained technicians and software filters to mimmise spam. Internet service (71) are leading the fight against spam, which costs them and their

32、 customers billions of dollars each year. Anti-spam technicians watch the flow of email on the Internet, keeping an eye out for mass mailings. However, spammers are hard to track, since they can easily (72) in the web of technology. Some small companies are trying to fight spam by collecting the ema

33、il addresses of spam senders and publicizing them. Individuals can slow spam too, by (73) chat groups, choosing a longer email address, and keeping multiple accounts. Still, in the long run, it may take new (74) or stricter laws to stop spam. In the meantime, users will continue (75) under huge quan

34、tities of spam.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Cruising may not be everyones idea of entertainment yet it would hardly be the same without its traditional British teatime. There is no better way of breaking down social barriers either. Or so I found when I enjoyed a cup of tea with an anonymous-looking passenger ab

35、oard the smart ship I had joined.65. _Sharing tea with a celebrity may not be a normal cruising experience, but the Seaboum Spirit is no run-of-the-mill vessel. Nor aboard most cruise ships are you served high-quality leaf tea-it is usually tea-bags, even if it is in a silver pot.66. _And with due r

36、everence to the clientele, it was personal treatment all the way. With a passenger-crew ratio of almost one-to-one, there was never any chance of the delays you might experience on other craft. Nor do you find many lines where the staff are so quick and keen to learn your particular tastes.67. _In w

37、hat other ship, I wonder, would the cabin stewardess put a marker in your paperback so you would not lose your place? A small detail-but little pleasures add up to give maximum satisfaction. Yet such high standards might daunt some, fearing that it will be far from relaxing having to live up to them

38、. But I have not often been on such a happy-go-lucky cruise. Be we president or pleb, we were all treated as equals, and I have been on much less distinguished ships with more marked social mores.Just to illustrate my point: aboard Seabourn Spirit, there were just three formal dinners, and not all t

39、he men wore dinner jackets. Most evenings were casual or informal.Full silver service meals were available in your cabin as part of the 24-hour waiter service. Passengers could also choose between the main dining room and the veranda cafe. The cuisine was worthy of such a ship and, if it was too nou

40、velle for some, at least it made eating those cream cakes68. _If there was any problem, it was overcoming the temptation to become a seagoing hermit. All the cabins have broad picture windows and living areas with settee, soft chairs, table and desk. And there is plenty of room for the queen-size be

41、d. The marble bathrooms are a good size with a decent tub-shower and double wash-basins. Most convenient is a closet with enough wooden coat hangers for a debutantes ball and plenty of room for luggage.69. _A highlight of our tour was a visit to the scenic resort of Yalta and the Livadiya Palace, wh

42、ere Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin held their famous conference in 1945 that decided much of the fate of post-war Europe. And we paid a rare cruise ship call to Sevastopol. Mooring near a flotilla of heavily armed warships in what is still a big naval base was one of the more thought-provoking expe

43、riences.70. _The main port brought back the smiles-a chance at last to indulge in that cruise essential, shopping, but with a touch of culture. As a mark of the special attention given to the passengers, the line booked the opera house for an exclusive ballet performance. Even if cruising is not you

44、r cup of tea, this is almost certainly the ship to change your mind.Paragraphs:A. The passenger clearly seemed to be enjoying the occasion. During a gale, however, he might have wished he was back in port. Seasickness can afflict anyone. A good pair of sea legs is one of the few comforts not provide

45、d on a ship where every effort is made to satisfy passengers whims.B. Yet nothing moved our emotions more than when we were driven to the site of the Valley of Death. Today, it is a sylvan scene. Had it not been for Olga, our guide, the horror of it would have remained hidden. In perfect English, sh

46、e recited Tennysons Charge of the Light Brigade. I saw the American woman beside me shed a tear. She was not the only one.C. A more potent concern, even before boarding, was not over-eating but overdrinking. One reason for such high fares is that drinks are included without extra charge. But the mai

47、nly elderly passengers stayed as sober as judges-as several were, in fact.D. Although under 10,000 tons, a midget of the ocean waves, what it lacks in size it makes up for in quality. “ Luxury“is a much abused word, yet this ship deserves the description. “Exclusive“may be a better word if you recko

48、n on the ability to pay an average of more than 550 a day for the pleasure of being there. It was not surprising, therefore, that the majority of the 188 passengers on our 12-night jaunt from Istanbul to the Black Sea and Aegean came from the richer golden lodes of the social strata.E. My fridge, too, was stocked to the gunnels. As another compulsion to remain in blissful isolation, the television also relays the ships daily lectures on port news and travel subjects. There