阅读理解(六)及答案解析.doc

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1、阅读理解(六)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)The best way to learn is to teach. This is the message emerging from experiments in several schools in which teenage pupils who have problems at school themselves are tutoring younger children-with remarkable results for both sides.Accordi

2、ng to American research, pupil tutoring wins“hands down“ over computerized instruction and American teachers say that no other recent innovation has proved so consistently successful.Now the idea is spreading in Britain. Throughout this term, a group of 14-year-olds at Trinity Comprehensive in Leami

3、ngton Spa have been spending an hour a week helping children at a nearby primary school with their reading. The younger children read aloud to their tutors (who are supervised by university students of education) and then play word games with them.All the 14-year-olds have some of their own lessons

4、in a special unit for children who have difficulties at school. Though their intelligence is around average, most of them have fallen behind in reading, writing and maths and in some cases. This has led to truancy or bad behaviour in class.Jean Bond, who is running the special unit, while on sabbati

5、cal from Warwick Universitys education department, says that the main benefit of tutoring is that it improves the adolescents selfesteem. “The younger children come rushing up every time and welcome them. It makes the tutors feel important whereas, in normal school lessons, they often feel inadequat

6、e. Everyone benefits. The older children need practice in reading but, if they had to do it in their own classes, they would say it was kidsstuff and be worried about losing face. The younger children get individual attention from very patient people. The tutors are struggling at school themselves,

7、so when the younger ones canrt learn, they know exactly why. “The tutors agree. “When I was little, I used to skive and say that I couldnt do things when I really could. “says Mark Greger. “The boy Ive been teaching does the same. He says he cant read a page of his book so I tell him that if he does

8、 do it, we can play a game. That works. “The young children speak warmly of their new teachers. “ He doesnt shout like our teachers, “ says eight-year-old Jenny of her tutor, Cliff McFarlane who, among his own teachers, has a reputation for being a handful. Yet Cliff sees himself as a tough teacher.

9、 “If they get a word wrong, “ he says, “I keep them at it until they get it right. “Jean Bond, who describes pupil tutoring as an“educational conjuring trick“, has run two previous experiments. In one, six persistent truants, aged 15 upwards, tutored 12 slow-learning infants in reading and maths. No

10、ne of the six played truant from any of the tutoring sessions. “The degree of concentration they showed while working with their pupils was remarkable for pupils who had previously shown little ability to concentrate on anything related to schoolwork for any period of time, “ says Bond. The tutors b

11、ecame“ reliable, conscientious caring individuals“.Their own reading, previously mechanical and monotonous, became far more expressive as a result of reading stories aloud to infants. Their view of education, which they had previously dismissed as“ crap “ and“ a waste of time“, was transformed. They

12、 became firmly resolved to teach their own children to read before starting school because, as one of them put it, “If they go for a job and they cant write, theyre not going to employ you, are they?“The tutors also became more sympathetic to their own teachersdifficulties, because they were frustra

13、ted themselves when the infants “ mucked about“.In the seven weeks of the experiment, concludes Bond, “These pupils received more recognition, reward and feelings of worth than they had previously experienced in many years of formal schooling. “ And the infants, according to their own teachers, show

14、ed measurable gains in reading skills by the end of the scheme.（分数：10.00）(1).The majority of the tutors in the Trinity experiment are students who _.A. cause discipline problems at school B. are unable to read or writeC. frequently stay away from school D. have some difficulties in learning（分数：2.00）

15、A.B.C.D.(2).According to the writer, the young tutors normally wouldnt practise reading in their own class because _.A. they consider it humiliatingB. they wouldnt be able to concentrateC. their teachers thought it was not necessaryD. their teachers would get impatient with them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).

16、The main reason that the young tutors make such successful teachers seems to be that _.A. they enjoy being the centre of attentionB. they know their pupilsproblems very wellC. they are never strict with their pupilsD. their pupils enjoy playing games with them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Pupil tutoring is d

17、escribed as “an educational conjuring trick“ because _.A. everyone understands why it works so wellB. it has caught the attention of the mediaC. educational authorities are suspicious of itD. it is a simple idea with extraordinary results（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The most significant result of the experi

18、ments carried out so far seems to be that the tutors _.A. learnt to overcome their fear of reading aloudB. improved their pupilsability to concentrateC. benefited from an increase in their self-respectD. came to see the importance of reading and writing skills（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.I was dirty, smelly, hu

19、ngry and somewhere beneath all that, suntanned. It was the end of an Inter-Rail holiday. My body couldnt take any more punishment. My mind couldnt deal with any more foreign timetables, currencies or languages.“ Never again, “I said, as I stepped onto home ground. I said exactly the same thing the f

20、ollowing year. And the next. All I had to do was buy one train ticket and because I was under twentyfive years old, I could spend a whole month going anywhere I wanted in Europe. Ordinary beds are never the same once youve learnt to sleep in the corridor of a train, the thythm rocking you into a dee

21、p sleep.Carrying all your possessions on your back in a rucksack makes you have a very basic approach to travel, and encourages incredible wastefulness that can lead to buming socks that have become too anti-social, and getting rid of books when finished. On the other hand, this way of looking at li

22、fe is entirely in the spirit of Inter-Rail, for common sense and reasoning can be thrown out of the window along with the paperback book and the socks. All it takes to achieve this carefree attitude is one of those tickets in your hand.Any system that enables young people to travel through countries

23、 at a rate of more than once a day must be pretty special. On that first trip, my friends and I were at first unaware of the possibilities of this type of train ticket, thinking it was just an inexpensive way of getting to and from our chosen camp site in southern France. But the idea of non-stop tr

24、avel proved too tempting, for there was always just one more country over the border, always that little bit further to go. And what did the extra miles cost us? Nothing.We were not completely uninterested in culture. But this was a first holiday without parents, as it was for most other Inter-Raile

25、rs, and in organizing our own timetable we left out everything except the most immediately available sights. This was the chance to escape the guided tour, an opportunity to do something different. I took great pride in the fact that, in many places, all I could be bothered to see was the view from

26、the station. We were just there to get by, and to have a good time doing so. In this we were no different from most of the other Inter-Railers with whom we shared corridor floors, food and water, money and music.The excitement of travel comes from the sudden reality of somewhere that was previously

27、just a name. It is as if the city in which you arrive never actually existed until the train pulls in at the station and you are able to see it with your own tired eyes for the first time.（分数：10.00）(1).At the end of his first trip, the writer said “Never again“ because _.A. he felt ill B. he dislike

28、d trainsC. he was tired from the journey D. he had lost money（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the writer mean by“ this way of looking at life“in Paragraph 3?A. Worrying about your clothes. B. Throwing unwanted things away.C. Behaving in an anti-social way. D. Looking after your possessions.（分数：2.00）A.

29、B.C.D.(3).Why did the writer originally buy an Inter-Rail ticket?A. To get to one place cheaply. B. To meet other young people.C. To see a lot of famous places. D. To go on a tour of Europe.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What the writer liked about traveling without his parents was that _.A. he could see more

30、 interesting places B. he could spend more time sightseeingC. he could stay away from home longer D. he could make his own decisions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does“it“in Line 3. Paragraph 6, refer to?A. A name. B. The city. C. The train. D. The station.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section B(总题数：2，分数：30.00)If a

31、sked, “ What are health decisions?“, most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making a whole range of decisions about our health which go beyond this limited area; for example, whether or not to smoke, exercise, drive a motorbike, or drink alcohol really. The

32、ways we reach decisions and form attitudes about our health are only just beginning to be understood.The main paradox is why people consistently do things which are known to be very hazardous. Two good examples of this are smoking and not wearing seat belts. Both these examples underline elements of

33、 how people reach decisions about their health. Understanding this process is crucial. We can then more effectively change public attitudes to hazardous, voluntary activities like smoking.（分数：20.00）(1).The way people make decisions that affect their own health is not logical.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Peo

34、ple are good at processing and understanding “probabilistic“ data about health.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Nowadays more and more people pay attention to their health and lifestyle.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Most people dont regard the danger of smoking as serious as the danger of an aeroplane crash.（分数：2.00）A.正确

35、B.错误(5).The mass-media can help people change their view of smoking and not wearing seat belts.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(6).complete the sentences with the information given in the passage in a maximum of 4 words.That people are constantly doing things that are known to be dangerous to their health is a mai

36、n _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Usually, smokers assess the dangers of smoking according to _, not the publicized data.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is important to chan ge peoples _ to the risks of certain activities like smoking.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).People will change their ideas about the dangers involved in smo

37、king or not wearing seat belts, when they are _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).This article discusses why people fail to make good _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Y(for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for

38、Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.The Outdoor CentreOpening timesWater sports: 10 am-6 pmPlay Park: 10 am-5:30 pmEntrance/Car park feesLow season: Weekdays 2.00 per car Weekends 3.00 per carHigh season: 23 July-11 September Weekdays and weekends 3.00 per carFees are for cars

39、with four people. Each extra person is 50p. Fees to be paid at the main orifice. The center is not a private club; it is an organization whose aim is to provide outdoor sports and recreation facilities for the public. Group visitors are requested to inform the center in advance of their intended vis

40、it.Windsurfing-One-day courseBeginner windsurfing course is offered on Saturdays and Sundays when the weather is good enough. Learning to windsurf is a lot of fun. The excitement when you sail across the water for the first time is not easily forgotten. Boards with small sails are available for begi

41、nners.Course fee: 32.50(this includes all equipment)One-day adventure courseThis is an opportunity you have been waiting for. Come and try sailing, climbing, surfing and archery. This course is intended to introduce outdoor activities to adults in a fun, leisurely manner. You do not need to be extre

42、mely fit or to have had previous experience of the activities. All you need is to be interested.Course fee: 22.50Play ParkThe Play Park is suitable for children from two to ten years of age. It is one of the best of its type in the country. It has sand and water play, slides, large ball pool, play c

43、astle and much, much more. Next year the center will open a new Play Palace and Play Ship.Summer adventure holidays(for 14-18 years of age)Sailing Climbing Windsurfing Fun GamesStatement:Safety is of primary importance at the Outdoor Center. All staff members are fully trained in First Aid, and qual

44、ified to teach the activities on offer. We also make certain that all children only take part in activities that are suitable for their age and physical abilities. For this programme children must be able to swim 25 metres and be in good physical health.Statements:（分数：10.00）(1).In August, four peopl

45、e visiting the centre together by car have to pay more than two people.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).The centre has special equipment for people who learn to sail.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The adventure course is suitable for beginners.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The centre is planning to add extra facilities to the Play

46、 Park.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Summer adventure holidays are open to any child between eight and fourteen years who can swim.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误三、Section C(总题数：3，分数：30.00)Start at the beginning: Civil Service clerk, temporary, at the local Ministry of Works depot in my hometown, cant get any lower than th

47、at. At the base of the bureaucratic pyramid, buried alive in fact, the temporary clerk is the navy of the Civil Service, without status or security. When I took the job Id only worked in factories, and so I was a bit in awe of the office world I was about to enter. As an apprentice, queuing in the s

48、potless corridor on Thursday outside the wage windows, peering in at the comparative purity of desks and paper and slick, dandified staff, you got a queer, dizzy sensation. My brother was a clerk himself, at the Council House, but I never connected him with this Thursday vision.On my first day as a

49、clerk, going down the street with my brother, I confessed how nervous I was.“ Listen,“he said, “ you can write your name, cant you? You can add up? Then you can be a clerk. “It was true. The depot was a big old house near the city centre, with the offices upstairs. My boss had a room at the front to himself, and behind him was a door leading to my den, which contained three others. This boss