职称英语(理工类)58及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)58 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level2.Unable to (control) himself, he tore the phone from his wifes hand,then from the socket, and throw it across the room.（分数：-1.00）A.restrainB.refreshC.releaseD.relieve3.Large area

2、s of Alaskan land remain (desolate) due to harsh climate.（分数：-1.00）A.barrenB.immatureC.inaccessibleD.passionate4.Alex knew that he must (breathe) nothing of this to Nancy.（分数：-1.00）A.believeB.talkC.secretD.tell5.It is necessary to make a(n) (abstract) while writing a report.（分数：-1.00）A.summaryB.anal

3、ysisC.discussionD.index6.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive7.Each leader had a (serious) look as he signed the peace treaty.（分数：-1.00）A.sincereB.graveC.honestD.suspicious8.In violin making, the (choice) of the wood is crucial.（分数：-1

4、.00）A.selectionB.grainC.resonanceD.shape9.Your reasons for refusing to help are quite (vague).（分数：-1.00）A.obviousB.typicalC.unclearD.unreasonable10.In some cultures people who were thought to have the ability to (explain) dreams were likely to be highly respected.（分数：-1.00）A.interpretB.interveneC.in

5、heritD.impact11.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.（分数：-1.00）A.additionalB.efficientC.excessiveD.adequate12.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary13.For children, playing is an automatic and integrate (com

6、ponent) of growing up.（分数：-1.00）A.decisionB.reminderC.partD.restriction14.The farmers worried about the (lack) of rain.（分数：-1.00）A.shortageB.driftC.woeD.burden15.The trade union leaders had been urged to make a (concession) by the protesters.（分数：-1.00）A.apologyB.permissionC.substitutionD.compromiseD

7、yslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way . One of the worlds great thinkers and scient

8、ists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Man

9、y years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that controls language is larger than the right side. In persons w

10、ith dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientist

11、s believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show the

12、mselves to be especially intelligent or creative. （分数：-0.98）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The first cases of dyslexia in Eu

13、rope were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed femal

14、es.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.Wrong

15、C.Not mentionedMedicine 1. Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patient

16、s. 2. The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. Whe

17、n disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease. 3. Human beings have suffered from illnesses since

18、they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. 4. However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possibl

19、e to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition,

20、sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. 5. As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illnesses. Today , docto

21、rs no longer work by themselves. Instead. They head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers, and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in mos

22、t countries. A. In ancient tribes, treatment was executed by witch doctors and based largely on superstition. B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of disease C. The goals of medicine involve life rescuing, pain

23、 reducing, and dignity maintaining D. Control of infectious diseases is given as a reason for a longer a life E. School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical work F. Medical care is now provided for patients in hospitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and

24、 laboratory workers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).Doctors are skillful in dealing with patients just as_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Doctors apply the knowledge gained through_.（分数：-0.13

25、）A.B.C.D.(7).Medical progress, improved health care, and better living conditions have ensured_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).With the development of the medicine, clinics and hospitals have become _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.Biotechnology Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric time

26、s. When the first human beings realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented(发酵) in wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt(酸乳酶) or that beer could be made by fermenting sol

27、utions of malt(麦芽) and hops(啤酒花) began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy(多乳的) bread rather than a firm, thin cracker they were acting as fledgling(缺乏经验的) biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits co

28、uld be either magnified or lost by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. What then is biotechnology? The term brings to mind different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic (治

29、疗的) drugs. Still others envision (想象) the possibility of growing crops that are more nutritious(有养分的) and naturally pest-resistant (有抵抗力的) to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits (引发) almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be pos

30、ed. In its purest form, the term “biotechnology“ refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. Prehistoric biotechnologists did this as they used yeast cells to raise bread dough(生面团) and to ferment alcoholic beverages, and bacterial cells

31、to make cheeses and yogurts and as they bred their strong, productive animals to make even stronger and more productive offspring. Throughout human history, we have learned a great deal about the different organisms that our ancestors used so effectively. The marked increase in our understanding of

32、these organisms and their cell products gains us the ability to control the many functions of various cells and organisms. Using the techniques of gene splicing(叠接) and recombine DNA technology, we can now actually combine the genetic elements of two or more living cells. Functioning lengths of DNA

33、can be taken from one organism and placed into the cells of another organism. As a result, for example, we can cause bacterial cells to produce human molecules cows can produce more milk or the same amount of feed, and we can synthesize the rapeutic molecules that have never before existed. （分数：-1.0

34、0）(1).The human beings began to use biotechnology_.（分数：-0.20）A.when they could walk on their feetB.before they could plant their own cropsC.after they realized that they could raise their own animalsD.as soon as scientists began their studies on biotechnology(2).According to the passage, which of th

35、e following is NOT an application of biotechnology?（分数：-0.20）A.People made beer by fermenting solutions of malt and hops.B.Bakers used flour and sugar to make a firm, thin cracker which is delicious.C.Workers converted milk into cheese.D.Animal breeders mated appropriate pairs of animals to magnify

36、their traits.(3).The term“ biotechnology“ may bring different things to mind except_.（分数：-0.20）A.new types of animalsB.crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistantC.stronger and more productive offspring of animalsD.rapidly growing world population(4).The sentence “This question elici

37、ts.“(para. 2) means _.（分数：-0.20）A.people have different responses to the question “ What is biotechnology“B.the question “What is biotechnology“ has been posed to many peopleC.responses to the question “What is biotechnology“ should be made on the spotD.only these who are asked the question “what is

38、 biotechnology“ can answer it(5).Biotechnology enables us _.（分数：-0.20）A.to change the DNA of human beingsB.to produce more milk by increasing the number of cowsC.to increase the functions of various cells and organismsD.to find new human moleculesBathing In the Sea Bathing in the sea in England a hu

39、ndred years ago was not quite the light-hearted amusement that it is today. There are no running down from the hotel to the beach in a bath robe(长袍) , no sunbathing, or lying about on the sands in bathing-dresses after the dip. Everything had to be done in an orderly and extremely polite manner. Mix

40、ed bathing was not allowed anywhere. Men and women each had their separate part of the beach, and they were not supposed to meet in the water. Bathing clothes were also closely controlled. Men usually wore simple bathing drawers and no more, but women were obliged to wear thick, cumbersome woolen ga

41、rments that covered them completely from head to foot. These satisfied the demands of modesty, but they must have been extremely uncomfortable for swimming. Even thus decently covered, women were not supposed to show themselves on the beach while in bathing attire(浴衣). They had to wait their turn fo

42、r a bathing machine, a sort of wooden cabin on wheels which was drawn right down to the waters edge by horses. On its seaward side a sort of hood or canopy(罩盖) stretched outwards and downwards over the water, completely hiding the bather until she was actually in the sea, There was a bathing woman i

43、n attendance, part of whose duty was to dip, in other words, to seize the bather as soon as she emerged and dip her forcibly under water two or three times. This was supposed to be for the benefit of her health, and no doubt it was all right in the hands of the gentle. But most bathing women were th

44、e reverse of gentle, and to be dipped by them must have been a strenuous form of exercise. （分数：-1.00）(1).Women wore uncomfortable bathing clothes because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it protected them from the coldB.it was considered bad manners to show any fleshC.it made it easier to swimD.it covered them from hea

45、d to foot(2).The bathing machine was used _.（分数：-0.20）A.so that the horses could drink at the waters edgeB.so that the bather could hide from the seaC.so that the bather could swim in the seaD.so that the bather could be screened (掩蔽) until she was in the sea(3).A bathing-womans job was to_ .（分数：-0.

46、20）A.attend to the bathing machineB.dip the attendantC.force the bather to emerge from the bathing machineD.force the bather under the water when she came out of the machine(4).Most bathing-women were_.（分数：-0.20）A.gentleB.the opposite of roughC.roughD.strenuous(5).A suitable title for this passage w

47、ould be_.（分数：-0.20）A.Sea Bathing Through the AgesB.Bathing Clothes Through the AgesC.Sea HorsesD.A Hundred Years of Sun BathingAdaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biol

48、ogical process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted

49、 to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have