职称英语(理工类)57及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)57 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The short stories of Katherine Mansfield demonstrate her keen perceptions of human (character).（分数：-1.00）A.natureB.statusC.comedyD.appetite2.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.（分数：-1.00）A.triesB.decidesC.promisesD.refuses.3.Einsteins the

2、ory of relativity seemed (incredible) when it was first introduced.（分数：-1.00）A.brilliantB.complicatedC.unbelievableD.distinguished4.He (maintained) that the opinion was wrong.（分数：-1.00）A.emphasizedB.repairedC.stuckD.helped5.A central objective of the developed country was to (alleviate) the problems

3、 of the urban poor.（分数：-1.00）A.lessenB.identifyC.overcomeD.regulate6.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level7.I (spotted) my father in the crowd.（分数：-1.00）A.recognizedB.recalledC.receivedD.recorded8.The boss put great (stress) on the workers so that they could

4、 work harder.（分数：-1.00）A.angerB.controlC.pressureD.nerve9.(Subsequent) events proved the man to be right.（分数：-1.00）A.earlierB.laterC.previousD.recent10.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly11.She (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top

5、deck.（分数：-1.00）A.tookB.boughtC.showedD.made12.The (first) talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement.（分数：-1.00）A.primaryB.originalC.initialD.primitive13.It is necessary to make a(n) (abstract) while writing a report.（分数：-1.00）A.summaryB.analysisC.discussionD.index

6、14.Being colleagues for ten years, they have become (intimate) friends.（分数：-1.00）A.closeB.newC.kindD.closely15.His novel was adapted for the stage in 1949 as a musical play (entitled) as St. Louis woman.（分数：-1.00）A.chosen forB.includedC.starredD.namedInterferon For several years, scientists have bee

7、n testing a substance called interferon (干扰素),a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its u

8、se. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, t

9、o treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so potent that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics(抗菌素), interferon does not attack germs directl

10、y. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute,

11、 has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who had undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 perc

12、ent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who had received the conventional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could be

13、come one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. （分数：-0.98）(1).Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The effect interferon has on infection is that it keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.（分数：-0.14）A.Rig

14、htB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Interferon is produced by infecting viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drug.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Interferon has not been widely used because it is still very dangerous.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The result of Dr. Stranders experimen

15、ts with interferon is that 70 percent among patients who were treated with interferon survived.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).21 Interferon causes healthy cells to grow.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Interferon has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.（分数：-0.14）A.

16、RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedAnatomy 1. The term anatomy comes from Greek anatomy, “dissection“. It is a branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things. The proper understanding of structure, however, implies a knowledge of function in the living organism. Anatomy

17、is therefore almost inseparable from physiology, which is sometimes called functional anatomy. 2. It is convenient to subdivide the study of anatomy in several different ways. One classification is based on the type of organisms studied, the major subdivisions being plant anatomy and animal anatomy.

18、 Animal anatomy is further subdivided into human anatomy and comparative anatomy, which seeks out similarities and differences among animal types. Anatomy can also be subdivided into biological processes, for example, developmental anatomy, the study of embryos, and pathological anatomy, the study o

19、f diseased organs. 3. The oldest known systematic study of anatomy is contained in an Egyptian papyrus dating from about 1600 BC. In the 4th century BC Aristode increased anatomical knowledge of animals. The first real progress in the science of human anatomy was made in the following century by the

20、 Greek physicians Herophilus and Erasistratus, who dissected human cadavers (尸体) and were the first to distinguish many functions , including those of the nervous and muscular systems. 4. Modern anatomy began with the publication in 1543 of the work of the Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius. Before

21、the publication of this classical work anatomists had been so bound by tradition that the writings of authorities of more than 1000 years earlier, were accepted in lieu of actual observation. Vesalius and other Renaissance anatomists, however, based their descriptions on their own observations of hu

22、man corpses, thus setting the pattern for subsequent study in anatomy. 5. The 17th-century invention of the compound microscope led to the development of microscopic anatomy. Under the leadership of the Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi, the study of the microscopic structure of animals and plants

23、 flourished during the 17th century. Microscopic anatomy developed rapidly in the 19th century. Knowledge of microscopic anatomy was greatly expanded during the 20th century as a result of the development of microscopes. A. The Beginning of research B. The subdivision of Anatomy C. The Beginning of

24、Mordern Anatomy D. Anatomy in Ancient Times E. A Brief History of Microscopich Anatomy F. The definition of Anatomy （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).It can be inferred from the pass

25、age that before 1600 BC_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).It means that microscopic anatomy is bring up by_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).The classification of anatomy is based on_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).With the development of science and technology, you may conclude_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Vice Vaccines At first glance, vice

26、vaccines look just great. These injections promise to inactivate drugs such as cocaine, heroin and nicotine in the bloodstream before they reach the brain. Without the “hit“, people just wont come back for more. Its true that these vaccines are still being developed, so their full risks and benefits

27、 are not yet clear. But all the signs are that for people who are in danger of overdosing, or for addicts who want to get themselves clean but need some help to overcome their craving, the vaccines will be immensely valuable. But like many new technologies, they also bring difficult choices. Will co

28、nvicted criminals who steal to feed their drug habit be allowed back onto the street if they agree to be vaccinated, for example? Could a judge even compel these people to be vaccinated? Perhaps the most controversial debate that vice vaccines have raised is whether they should be given routinely to

29、 children, like polio or measles vaccines. This is. not a distant worry. No sooner they have found themselves submerged with requests from worried parents who want their children vaccinated. Is this really what we want for future generations? For any society that values personal freedom, the answer

30、has to be no. People have the right to choose how to behave, whether its good or bad, legal or not. Let not ignore the fact that millions of people take illegal drugs for pleasure without becoming addicted. Administering vice vaccines will mean that youngsters are no longer free to make such choices

31、 for themselves. It would be like a return to Pleasantvile. And, remember, were just talking about illegal drugs here. One vaccine under development acts against nicotine, and if its nicotine today, why not caffeine tomorrow? Societys attitudes to drugs change. Forty years ago, smoking was fine. A c

32、entury ago, American ship operators were giving stevedores (码头工人) cocaine to speed up their work. Like it or not, people have been taking mind-altering chemicals since before recorded history. Each vaccine acts only against a specific drug, and stopping people getting high on one drug will simply pu

33、sh them to take othersas addiction researchers have already found. So drug use wont go away, the drugs will just change. Opposing the widespread use of vice vaccines for youngsters is not to advocate drug use. By all means let vice vaccines spark a revolution in detox (解毒) clinics. But when it comes

34、 to helping children deal with drugs, the way to help them is through education, ensuring that they can follow lifestyles that are incompatible with drug taking, and giving them the tools to spot risks and make informed choices. The problem of drug abuse is bound up with modern society in complex wa

35、ys. Simple chemical solutions are unlikely to provide the whole answer. （分数：-1.00）(1).The word “hit“ in the first paragraph refers to_.（分数：-0.20）A.the injection of drugs into the bloodstreamB.the inactivation of drugs before they reach the brainC.the strong sensation aroused by taking drugsD.the add

36、iction to drugs(2).According to the writer, the vice vaccine_.（分数：-0.20）A.is valuable to all drug usersB.is in great demand from the drug usersC.has brought about more difficulties than valuesD.is still under development(3).This passage implies that_.（分数：-0.20）A.we shouldnt worry about the routine u

37、se of the vaccine to children right nowB.the writer is against the routine use of the vice vaccine to childrenC.very few parents want their children to be vaccinated with the vice vaccineD.judges will force the drug user to be vaccinated with the vice vaccine(4).Routine vaccination of the vice vacci

38、ne to children will_.（分数：-0.20）A.deprive them of their personal freedomB.make them anti-socialC.make them more addicted to drugsD.lead them to pleasantive(5).According to the writer, one of the disadvantages of vice vaccine is that_.（分数：-0.20）A.the vaccine cannot act against nicotineB.stevedores wil

39、l not like itC.one vaccine can act against only a specific drugD.it will spark a revolution in the detox clinicsMemory Class Stan Field knows what age can do to a persons memory, and hes not taking any chances with his. He chooses his food carefully and gets plenty of exercise. He also avoids stress

40、, coca cola and cigarette smoke. Whats more, at breakfast each morning, the 69-year-old chemical engineer swallows a plateful of pills in the hope of boosting his brain power. Michelle Amove is less than half Fields age, but no less concerned about her memory. While working round the clock to finish

41、 a degree in film studies, the 33-year-old New Yorker had the alarming sensation that she had stopped retaining anything. “I couldnt even remember names,“ she says. “I thought, Oh, no, Im over 30. Its all downhill from here. “ Besides loading up on supplements, Amove signed up for a memory enhancing

42、 course at New Yorks Mount Siani Medical Center. And when she got there, she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worried as she was. For millions of Americans, and especially for baby boomers (生育高峰出生的人) , the demands of the Information Age conflict with a sense of declining physical

43、power. “When boomers were in their 30s and 40s, they launched the fitness boom,“ says Cynthia Green, the psychologist who teaches Mount Sinais memory class. “Now we have the mental-fitness boom Memory is the boomers new life-crisis issue.“ And of course a major marketing opportunity. The demand for

44、books and seminars has never been greater, says Jack Lannom, a longtime memory trainer whose weekly TV show, “ Mind Unlimited,“ goes out to 33 million homes on the Christian Network. Anxious consumers are rushing to buy do-it-yourself programs and supplement makers are trying to sell everything but

45、sawdust (木屑) as a brain booster. But before you get out your checkbook, a few questions are in order. Does everyday forgetfulness signal declining brain function? Is “megamemory“ (超级记忆) a realistic goal for normal people? And if you could have a perfect memory, would you really want it? Until recent

46、ly, no one could address those issues with much authority, but our knowledge of memory is exploding. New techniques are revealing how different parts of the brain interact to preserve meaningful experiences. Biologists are trying to understand the underlying (潜在的) chemical processes and neuroscienti

47、sts (神经系统科学家) are discovering how age, stress and other factors can disrupt them. No one is close to finding the secret to perfect recall, but as youll see, that may be just as well. （分数：-1.00）(1).What does Stan Field take at breakfast?（分数：-0.20）A.Food only.B.Nothing.C.Food and pills.D.A plateful of

48、 pills only.(2).What is the meaning of “working round the clock“ ?（分数：-0.20）A.Working day and night.B.Making clocks.C.Working with a clock nearby.D.Repairing clocks.(3).Many baby-boomers living in the Information Age feel that_.（分数：-0.20）A.their financial status is decliningB.their political influen

49、ce is decliningC.their will power is decliningD.their physical power is declining(4).Which of the following does NOT indicate peoples enhanced awareness of the importance of memory?（分数：-0.20）A.More demand for coca cola and cigarettes.B.More demand for seminars on memory.C.More demand for memory-enhancing supplements.D.More demand for books on memory.(5).According to the writer, the secret to perfect memory_.（分数：-0.20）A.is not in sight yetB.will never be foundC.was found a long time agoD.h