公共英语五级-阅读理解(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、公共英语五级-阅读理解(四)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、练习三(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Fingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. This is because of a growing number of claims from defendants that their prints

2、 have been lifted and planted at scenes of crimes. And these allegations are being taken seriously by lawyers, judges and policemen because it is possible to move a fingerprint from one spot and place it elsewhere.With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being placed in doubt a committee of crim

3、inal lawyers is carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting. The investigation has been ordered by Justice, the prestigious legal organization, and a report is due early next year. Last night a spokesman for Justice said: “There are an increasing number of cases where people are claiming their print

4、s have been transferred and put in incrimination objects. We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. Some of Britains top criminal lawyers are worried about th

5、is increasing number of claims.“How can a fingerprint be transferred? A fingermark left on a greasy glass or some other smooth surface can be lifted with a strip of adhesive. It can then be deposited on another, perhaps incriminating, object. Accusations about planted prints were first put up at an

6、Old Bailey IRA bomb trial nine years ago without success. Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be dusted down with fine powder, photographed for identification purposes, then the pictures and the objects carrying the prints were produced in court.However, since 1973 a new method of taking pr

7、ints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to lift a print which is then produced in court as evidence. Before 1973 the object on which the prints were found a bottle, dagger or a gun used to be shown in court as well. This is no longer necessary. As a r

8、esult criminals are claiming that their prints have been lifted and planted elsewhere. There have been two successful claims in the United States, though this line of defence has failed in Britain.According to the ex-chief of Scotland Yards fingerprint department, Mr Harold Squires, who is now an in

9、dependent defence witness: “More than 55% of the cases I now get are making these claims. But so far I have not seen any fingerprint evidence that proves the allegation to be true. Petty crooks are always accusing the police of lifting their prints and planting them at the scene of a crime.“ Accordi

10、ng to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object “requires great skill and trouble“. He added: “Its almost impossible but it can be done. It can usually be easily detected by someone like me, but there is a chance that even I may not be able to tell.“Mr. Sq

11、uires sees the new line of defence as an attack on the police by desperate men. He would like the old method of photographing prints and producing them together with the object pictured to be generally used again.（分数：5.00）(1).Fingerprints have been traditionally regarded as（分数：1.00）A.the only proof

12、of a suspected criminals innocence or guilt.B.no proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guilt.C.one of the major proofs of a suspected criminals innocence or guilt.D.a key proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guilt.(2).The investigation into fingerprinting is（分数：1.00）A.to prove that poli

13、cemen have been behaving dishonestly.B.to establish the truth of the allegations.C.part of a wider investigation.D.to allay the fears of some top criminal lawyers.(3).The text suggests that（分数：1.00）A.some of the allegations against fingerprinting are justified.B.transferring fingerprints cannot be e

14、asily detected.C.transferring fingerprints is too much trouble for most policemen.D.it is likely that some policemen transfer fingerprints.(4).We learn from paragraph 4 that since 1973,（分数：1.00）A.fingerprints at the scene of a crime have been dusted down with fine powder and photographed.B.it has be

15、en necessary to produce in court the objects on which the prints were found.C.there have been successful claims against police fingerprinting methods in the United States and Great Britain.D.police fingerprinting methods have been simplified.(5).Mr. Squires seems most concerned about（分数：1.00）A.the n

16、umberof suspected criminals accusing the police of transferring their fingerprints.B.the increasing number of small-time criminals.C.the dishonesty of the police.D.the unreliability of the new fingerprinting methods.四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Life really should be one long journey of joy for children bo

17、rn with a world of wealth at their tiny feet. But psychologists now believe that silver spoons can leave a bitter taste. If suicide statistics are an indicator of happiness, then the rich are a miserable lot. Figures show that it is the wealthy who most often do away with themselves.Internationally

18、famous child psychiatrist Dr. Robert Coles is the worlds top expert on the influence of money on children. He has written a highly-acclaimed book on the subject, The Privileged Ones, and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little. “Obviously there a

19、re certain advantages to being rich,“ says the 53-year-old psychiatrist, “such as better health, education and future work prospects. But most important is the quality of family life. Money cant buy love.“It can buy a lot of other things, though, and thats where the trouble starts. Rich kids have so

20、 much to choose from that they often become confused. Over-indulgence by their parents can make them spoilt. They tend to travel more than other children, from home to home and country to country, which causes feelings of restlessness.“But privileged children do have a better sense of their position

21、s in the world,“ adds Mr. Coles, “and they are more self-assured. I cant imagine, for instance, that Prince William will not grow up to be self-assured.“ Prince William is probably the most privileged child in the world and will grow up to fill the worlds most privileged position King of England. It

22、 is a fact that no one knows how much the Queen is worth. There are the royal estates two palaces, two castles and a country mansion. Theres also the royal picture collection, the stamp collection, the library, the jewels and the royal yacht Britannia. Before he inherits that lot, William will succe

23、ed his father as Prince of Wales and enjoy the income from the Duchy of Cornwall, currently worth 771,480 pounds a year. Known jokingly around the Palace as West Country Limited, the Duchy consists of 26,600 acres of Cornwall including mineral rights for tin mining and 2,000 acres of forestry. It al

24、so owns the Oval cricket ground, 900 flats in London, oyster beds and a golf course.So money will never be one of Prince Williams problems. Living anything that resembles a normal life will. “He will have a sense of isolation,“ cautions Dr. Coles, “and he could suffer from the handicap of not being

25、able to deal with the everyday world because he will never really be given the chance. Royals exist in an elaborate social fantasy. Everything they have achieved is because of an accident of birth. There can be no tremendous inner satisfaction about that.“Todays wealthy parents perhaps realise their

26、 riches can be more of a burden than a blessing to their children. So their priority is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.（分数：5.00）(1).From the first paragraph we can learn that（分数：1.00）A.life is a joyful experience for rich children.B.more rich people have to go

27、 to see psychiatrists.C.many rich people have silver spoons at home.D.there is a higher incidence of suicide amongst the rich.(2).Robert Coles believes that（分数：1.00）A.rich children can be deprived of the thing they are most in need of.B.there are as many advantages to being poor as there are to bein

28、g rich.C.rich children are rarely given too many material things.D.rich children dont get enough rest.(3).What is said about PrinceWilliam?（分数：1.00）A.Prince William is the richest child in the world.B.It is unlikely that Prince William will have a great deal of selfsatisfaction.C.He will not feel lo

29、nely when he becomes an adult.D.He could become physically disabled.(4).Coles suggests that the members of the Royal Family（分数：1.00）A.have not earned what they have.B.live in a dream world.C.get what they have accidentally.D.will not have a chance to achieve anything.(5).What is the main point of th

30、e author?（分数：1.00）A.Most wealthy parents are not aware of the problems that money can bring.B.Wealthy parents bring their children a lot of sufferings.C.Wealthy parents should give their children as many advantages as they can.D.Wealthy parents should try to give their children love as well as money

31、.五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent th

32、is cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes

33、 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shies are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. t

34、he next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or eve

35、n three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.The only real so

36、lution appears to be to hand over the night shifts to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all week-ends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shifts workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high inciden

37、ce of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to

38、relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting these people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his performance, but this can be laborious. Fortunately, we again have a physiological measure which correl

39、ates reasonably well with the behavioral one, in this case performance at various times of the day or night, and which is easier to take. This is the level of body temperature, as taken by an ordinary clinical thermometer. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the

40、 hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually reverse to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance and general alert

41、ness. Therefore by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied

42、 in practice.（分数：5.00）(1).The main theme of the text is（分数：1.00）A.sleep and body temperature.B.the effects of lack of sleep.C.how easily people can get used to working at night.D.the effect of automation on working efficiency.(2).Why is the question no mere academic one?（分数：1.00）A.Because of researc

43、h by Bonjor and Brown.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.(3).The main problem about night work is that（分数：1.00）A.people do not wan

44、t the inconvenience of working on night shifts.B.people are disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.C.not all industries work at the same hours.D.it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.(4).The best answer to the problem seems to be（分数：1.00）A.not to change shifts from

45、 one week to the next.B.to have longer periods on each shift.C.to employ people who will always work at night.D.to select people who adapt quickly to work at night.(5).Scientists are able to measure adaptation by taking body temperature because（分数：1.00）A.body temperature is a good basis for selectio

46、n.B.people have low temperature at night.C.the temperature reverses when the routine is changed.D.people have high temperatures when they are working efficiently.六、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Science may never answer the most puzzling of all dinosaur questions. What killed these mighty creatures?One of the

47、 most popular theories about the death of the dinosaurs is that the world just grew too cold for them. Indeed, for large, coldblooded creatures, even a few nights of cold could spell death. How could the weather have changed? Scientists think there might have been a cooling in the earths atmosphere

48、during the Late Cretaceous Period.16. _Not everyone agrees that a change in weather would have been enough to kill the dinosaurs. Some scientists say that dinosaurs might have been warm-blooded. Warm-blooded animals are able to make their own body heat. They can live in much colder climates than col

49、dblooded animals.17. _In the late 1970s, a naturalist named Walter Alvarez was studying the layer of rock that marks the end of the Age of Dinosaurs. He made a puzzling discovery. Alvarez found a layer of clay which contained a great deal of a metal called iridium. This metal is only found in the earths core, or in comets and asteroids from outer space. Other scientists in different parts of the world found this iridium-rich clay in the same layer as Alvarez. Could volcanoes have spit up large amounts of iridium from the earths core? Alvarez and ot