公共英语五级-阅读理解(二)及答案解析.doc
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1、公共英语五级-阅读理解(二)及答案解析(总分:30.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、练习一(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)三、Text 1(总题数:1,分数:5.00)As industrialisation came to define Western life in the 19th century, industry employed photography to portray its successes and strengths. For example, in 1857 British photographer Robert Howle
2、tt took pictures of the British steamship Great Eastern, the largest vessel of its day, and of its designer and engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. He depicted both ship and man as heroic exemplars of the age.In addition to recording the construction of railroads, ships, buildings, and bridges, photo
3、graphy proved useful to medicine and the fledgling social sciences, such as ethnology, psychology, and sociology. Doctors wanted before-and-after pictures of wounded Civil War soldiers to study the effects of surgery. Psychologists studied photographs of mental patients in an attempt to visually dis
4、cern their disorders. Fields as dissimilar as biology and astronomy demanded whole catalogues of new photographs to record and classify a rapidly expanding body of knowledge. American photographer Edward S. Curtis produced a 20-volume ethnographic survey of the native peoples of North America. Like
5、much early scientific photography, Curtiss work suffered from his own cultural biases in this case, an overly romantic view of how Native Americans should look. He supplied his subjects with props and costumes that were not always authentic, and his photographs are no longer considered accurate as d
6、ocumentation.The development of faster cameras n the 1870s spurred scientists and others to use photography in the systematic study of human and animal movement. In 1878 Muybridge used a series of photographs of a galloping horse to demonstrate to an amazed world that the animal lifts all four feet
7、off the ground at once. His work inspired Philadelphia painter Thomas Eakins to take up the camera so he could more accurately depict motion in his paintings. French physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey also followed Muybridges example and devised a special camera to record sequential photographs on a s
8、ingle plate. Marey used this method to develop insights into the flight of birds, human movement, and the workings of the human eye. His experiments helped prepare the way for airplane flight, motion pictures, and modern athletic training.In the last quarter of the 19th century the camera helped rec
9、ord the plight of the dispossessed, displaced, and overlooked. One of the earliest attempts to document urban poverty was made by Scottish photographer Thomas Annan, who aimed his camera at the empty, unsanitary alleyways of Glasgow in 1868. City officials commissioned Annans documentation to justif
10、y replacement of Glasgows unsavory slums with new development. John Thomson went a step further with candid photographs of poor people themselves, published in a series called Street Life in London (1877).In the United States, Danish-born journalist Jacob Riis saw the virtue of photographs as well a
11、s words in his campaign to improve the lot of poor city dwellers in New York City. He first hired photographers to accompany him into the slums, and later began taking pictures himself. Riis illuminated dark, airless interiors with bright bursts of light that he produced by igniting magnesium flash
12、powder. He showed the pictures at public lectures and later published them in a book entitled How the Other Half Lives (1890). Riiss tireless advocacy helped bring about better conditions for some slum dwellers, and initiated the use of photography as a powerful tool in the fight against poverty.(分数
13、:5.00)(1).What can be best said about photography as reviewed in this text?(分数:1.00)A.It has been historically extensive and influential.B.It has been more closely related to industry than to social sciences.C.It has been useful as an instrument for historical records.D.It has been visually impressi
14、ve and powerful.(2).Which of the following best reflects the comment of the author on Curtiss photographic work?(分数:1.00)A.Slightly ironical.B.Somewhat critical.C.Totally supportive.D.Culturally biased.(3).According to this text, improvement of camera speed resulted in(分数:1.00)A.the experiment of ai
15、rcraft flight.B.accuracy in movie production.C.detailed depiction of movements.D.delicate recording of images.(4).It can be seen from this text that cities in their early growth(分数:1.00)A.helped improve photographic work.B.created anti-city feelings.C.were not successful as expected.D.were not witho
16、ut their ills.(5).What was the main aim of Jacob Riiss photographic career?(分数:1.00)A.To bring about social changes.B.To disclose urban poverty.C.To show his special photographic technique.D.To practice both as a journalist and a photographer.四、Text 2(总题数:1,分数:5.00)The government of Britain has for
17、many centuries been shared by the supreme authorities: the Monarch (i.e. the King or Queen), the Lords (i.e. the hereditary nobility) and the Commons (i.e. the ordinary people). The story of its development has been the story of a gradual shifting of supremacy from the first of these authorities to
18、the third in other words a gradual progress towards democracy. Thus the Monarchy today is left without any power at all.This statement may seem surprising in view of the great affection which the British have for Queen Elizabeth, the great ceremonies connected with her, the great state functions ove
19、r which she presides, the oath of loyalty made to her by Parliament, and the many great decisions made in her name and requiring her authority. It is the Queen who approves the appointment of Ministers and the formation of a Cabinet; it is the Queen who summons Parliament and who introduces the new
20、session with a speech from the Throne in which she summarizes the governments programme; it is the Queen who gives her assent to Bill before they become law, who concludes treaties and declares war, who makes appointments to all offices of State and Church, who dismisses Parliament when the governme
21、nt has been defeated or has reached the end of its term, and who chooses a new Prime Minister. Indeed, she is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life. And yet it remains true that she has no power. For in practice, she acts only on the advice of her Ministers, and must be completely
22、impartial.This is of course not very easy to understand, and you may want to know what would happen if the Queen refused to give her assent to something she disagreed with. But the case would never arise. The Queen never refuses her assent, because she knows this would be unconstitutional. In any ca
23、se she had no means of enforcing her will.What is then the use of having a queen? Some British people would answer: no use at all. Some think the Monarchy is a useless relic of bygone age, and a tremendous waste of public money too. But these arguments are comparatively weak. Most British people reg
24、ard the monarchy as a long-established tradition, which, with all its colour and pageantry and with all the feelings of personal respect which it inspires, they would be most unwilling to lose. More than this, the monarch is the only unchangeable symbol of British itself. Politicians come and go acc
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