公共英语五级-Health+and+Body+Care及答案解析.doc

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1、公共英语五级-Health+and+Body+Care 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).Cannabis _.（分数：1.00）A.is praised for its potential for treating pain and cancer by scientistsB.is considered a dangerous drug without any medical use

2、 by many governmentsC.is now used to treat cancer in the USAD.has been used in medicine for thousands of years(2).The IOM report _.（分数：1.00）A.found that the use of marijuana in medicine can be justified scientificallyB.showed that marijuana smoke contains the same harmful substances as tobacco smoke

3、C.came to the same conclusion as the FDA statementD.was funded by the University of Nebraska(3).Marinol is _.（分数：1.00）A.preferred by users for its advantages in effectiveness over marijuanaB.found useful especially by AIDS and cancer patientsC.licensed by the FDA as a substitute for marijuanaD.can b

4、e obtained only on the black marketQuestions 4-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：3.00）(1).What kind of effect do chemicals in cannabis produce?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Which part in the human body is activated by chemicals in cannabis?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What prevents

5、 researchers from doing clinical research on cannabis in the U.S.A.?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 7-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：6.00）(1).Dr. Craker applied for a licence to grow cannabis for use in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Dr. Craker likened his situ

6、ation to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).If the ACLU appeals again, the case will be heard in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to Ms. Verma, the FDA is under pressure from 1 to go along with their drug ideology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The FDA emphasized that 1 cannot be used as a prescription drug.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_

7、(6).There is still possibility for the FDA to approve marijuana in other 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Exercising but Not EnoughAmericans are sold on the value of exercise. More than eight in ten (86%) believe exercising (1) fitness improves a persons

8、odds of a long and healthy life by “a lot“. And, about six in ten believe that exercising has “a lot“ of impact (2) a persons attractiveness. (3) just 28% report that they get as (4) physical exercise as they should. There is no demographic or weight classification group (5) which a majority feels t

9、hey get as much exercise as they should.Some 57% of Americans report that they do some (6) of exercise program to (7) physically fit. Even among this group, (8) , just 34% say they are getting as much exercise as they should while 65% think they should be (9) more.Those who are currently dieting are

10、 more (10) than those not currently dieting to also be exercising. The overweight may need exercise more (11) they are less likely to be doing it (12) with those who are about the right weight. About half (53%) of those who (13) themselves overweight are exercising; the comparable figure among those

11、 who consider their weight about right is 61%.Both men and women, young and old are about equally likely to be exercising. Those with more education and (14) incomes are more likely than their counterparts to take part in an exercise program. There are modest differences in exercising (15) race and

12、ethnicity; Hispanics are less likely than non-Hispanic whites to exercise (16) blacks and whites are about equally likely to (17) so.What keeps people out of the gym? One impediment to more (18) activity may be the fun factor. There is a strong correlation between enjoyment of exercise and doing it.

13、 Among those who (19) exercising a great deal, 85% take part in an exercise program; this figure (20) to 68% among those who say they enjoy exercising “a fair amount“ and to just 37% among those who are less enthusiastic about exercise.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1

14、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Exercise 2 Multiple (总题数：1，分数：10.00)A = LETTER 1 B = LETTER 2C = LETTER 3 D = LETTER 4Which letterdefends the safety of the vaccination programme?claims that fears about the vaccine were based on unreliable evide

15、nce?believes that intellectual freedom is threatened by mistakes made by science and society?emphasizes the difficulties in dealing with health scares?makes a comparison of Iraqi civilian deaths and MMR?says that Melanie Phillip is confused about epidemiology and clinical results?points out that sci

16、entists would become less credible if they do not base their conclusion on enough evidence?suggests that readers search the journal mentioned in the debate by using Google?suggests that a neutral organization be established for mediation of scientific controversies?accuses Melanie Phillips of misrep

17、resenting the truth?1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _A LETTER 1When a vaccine, drug or therapy is marketed as “safe“, it is done so on the basis or formally controlled, large-scale, usually blind investigations by qualified professionals. The fact that “a small proportion of parents found th

18、at after vaccination their children developed bowel problems, an allergic reaction to various foods and a halt to their behavioural development that produced the symptoms of autism“ does not render an entire vaccination programme unsafe any more than it suggests a causal relationship between adminis

19、tration of the vaccine and onset of symptoms. Anybody with even the most basic grasp of scientific principles can understand this.The MMR vaccine in its current form was approved following the same extensive testing as any other clinical prophylaxis. For Melanie Phillips to suggest that the “governm

20、ent and the medical establishment . have behaved recklessly and spinelessly“ in the aftermath of Wakefields so-called research is itself an irresponsible misrepresentation of the truth, which contributes to the unnecessary confusion in the general public domain.B LETTER 2The difficult relationships

21、between science, medicine and public policy are well illustrated by your reports on Iraqi mortality (The media are minimising US and British war crimes in Iraq, November 8) and MMR (The case against me boils down to smear and evasion, November 8). The triggers for these controversies were research p

22、apers published in the Lancet. In a lost age, these studies would have been privately discussed in academic circles, their conclusions confirmed, refined or refuted. This environment of intellectual freedom has served science and society well for 400 years. But such freedoms are now under threat fro

23、m errors made by both science and society.The mistake scientists have made - and 1 include myself in this criticism - is to blur their roles as independent investigators and public advocates. It is entirely right that scientists and doctors play a prominent part in social and political debate. But w

24、e lose credibility, justifiably, when we go beyond the evidence.Here, the comparison between Iraq and MMR is instructive. On Iraq, the authors of the Lancet report used their results to call for the genuine uncertainty over civilian deaths to be clarified urgently by drawing on further data that onl

25、y government could provide - indeed, which government had a duty to provide under the Geneva conventions. This was responsible advocacy in the face of scientific uncertainty. By contrast, Andrew Wakefield used a press conference to subvert the conclusions of his Lancet study by casting doubt on the

26、safety of the MMR vaccine, a doubt that the research paper specifically denied.One could argue that neither study should have seen the light of day. This would be a capitulation to those who would prefer censorship to serious public discussion about controversial ideas. While it is impossible to tur

27、n the clock back to a time when science was hidden from the public sphere, there is a need to find better ways to conduct complex debates openly and accountably. An independent body to provide a neutral public space to mediate, investigate and make recommendations about scientific and health controv

28、ersies, akin to the Food Standards Agency, deserves serious consideration.C LETTER 3It is a microcosm of the difficulties in dealing with health scares that I can write 850 words on an anti-MMR diatribe by Melanie Phillips, generate 900 words of letters in return as well as an article by Phillips -

29、all reinforcing her original misconceptions, and raising some new ones. For every unit of energy you put in, you get twice as much back, and so you can never win.She is still amazed that a critical review of the scientific literature on MMR is critical of some of the literature it reviewed and she s

30、till thinks this is evidence of guilt or cover-up in the conclusions of the report. I criticised her for claiming that: “Wakefields discovery of autistic enterocolitis as a completely new syndrome has now been replicated in studies around the world as a new and so far unexplained disease in patients

31、 with autism.“ Her response is to provide references to various speculative research findings on the bowels of people with autism. Such studies exist but few would claim that such early work constitutes wide replication of the discovery of a “new disease“.I also encourage any readers who are interes

32、ted in what Phillips considers to be an appropriate source for ground-breaking, peer-reviewed scientific research to look up the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons on Google and read about this strange esoteric political organisation for themselves.Having said all that, Melanie Phillips of

33、the Daily Mail has misrepresented and attacked me personally: and so whatever the future may bring, I can die a rounded and happy human being.D LETTER 4Melanie Phillips rebuttal of Ben Goldacres criticisms bears out his main points. She claims that the Cochrane report does not say that the fears abo

34、ut the vaccine were based on unreliable evidence. Yes it does. You need go no further than the abstract to read “no credible evidence of an involvement of MMR with either autism or Crohns disease was found. She goes on to say that epidemiology cannot establish a causal association, and that Goldacre

35、 is confusing epidemiology and clinical results. No, the confusion is hers. Epidemiology can produce overwhelming evidence for a causal connection. What it cannot produce is information about the mechanism of that connection. It is worth adding that clinical studies do not necessarily produce inform

36、ation about the causal mechanism.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Exercise 3 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00)1.dietlifestylestressmental attitude towards lifepollution（分数：5.00）_七、Exercise 4 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.You have read a newspaper article which state

37、s: “Prevention is better than cure. The government should allocate more resources to the prevention of diseases.“ Do you agree or disagree with this point of view?（分数：25.00）_八、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following stateme

38、nts is true?（分数：1.00）A.Caesar Barber had diabetes and heart disease because he had had too much fast food.B.Caesar Barber is a middle-aged janitor who might have an impact on science.C.This is the second lawsuit against the fast-food industry.D.Lawyers are fighting the case to get Caesar Barbers bil

39、ls paid.(2).Lawsuit against the fast-food industry _.（分数：1.00）A.is dismissed by the judge as frivolousB.is expected to win John Banzhaf commendationC.is regarded by many people as absurdD.is supposed to lead to the bankruptcy of the fast-food chains(3).According to the article, _.（分数：1.00）A.people w

40、ho have eaten too much fast food and become fat and ill lack self-controlB.people may experience changes in their brain and body if they take in too much fat and sugarC.it is established that fast food is as addictive as tobaccoD.fast food companies try to cover up the truth about fast foodQuestions

41、 4-8 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：5.00）(1).According to Banzhaf, the fast-food companies should have informed customers of the foods 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The major difference between a fast-food meal and a home-cooked meal is the amount of 1 eate

42、n at a time.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Physiologists believe that too much fat and calorie intake at a meal can cause changes in the body that silence 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Fat cells continuously produce leptin whose level in the bloodstream shows the bodys 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The brain of people who gai

43、n weight can become resistant to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 9-12 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN four words.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, what can disturb your leptin system?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What happened to young rats fed a high-fat diet?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What de

44、termines whether rats will stop eating or carrying on eating?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What kind of feeling may eating high-energy food produce in the brain?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_十、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)What Are the Real Benefits of Green Tea?Headlines announcing a recent Jo

45、urnal of the American Medical Association study linked consumption of green tea with protection from stroke, but not cancer, caught many people (1) surprise. Tea provides a good example of (2) we need to consider both laboratory and population studies in choosing steps to (3) cancer risk and promote

46、 overall health.Green tea (4) relatively high amounts of a type of phytochemical called EGCG, proven in laboratory studies to be a powerful antioxidant. A variety of antioxidants (5) plant foods seem to stabilize “free radicals,“ protecting DNA from damage that could (6) cancer to develop, and protecting blood vessels from damage that could promote blockages. Studies show EGCG can (7) increase product