公共英语五级-44及答案解析.doc

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1、公共英语五级-44 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 5 by writing T (for True) or F (for False). You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. （分数：5.00）(1).There are a lot of improvement in the care of old peopl

2、e, however, the old people“s health is not better.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Only about 15 of those over 75 become senile.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).A much more common problem with the old people“s health is that old people often take too many drugs.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Old people should eat more chicken and fi

3、sh to keep fit.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).The elderly can benefit more from exercise than any other section of the population.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part B(总题数：2，分数：6.00)Questions 1 3 are based on the following passage, listen and choose the best answer. （分数：3.00）(1).Where are Vitamins found when needed?（分数：1

4、.00）A.Foods.B.Chemical.C.Sunshine.D.Human bodies.(2).Which of the following is present in milk, eggs, liver?（分数：1.00）A.Vitamin .B.Vitamin B2.C.Vitamin .D.Vitamin .(3).Which of the following is not normally available in foods?（分数：1.00）A.Vitamin .B.Vitamin complex.C.Vitamin .D.Vitamin .Questions 4 6 a

5、re based on the following passage, listen and choose the best answer. （分数：3.00）(1).What is the men“s attitude towards the fat problem?（分数：1.00）A.They behave as if nothing had happened.B.They keep it a secret.C.They go on diet.D.They talk about it often.(2).Which statement is false concerning women“s

6、 attitude towards the fat problem?（分数：1.00）A.They want to deal with it themselves.B.They don“t want to talk about it with men.C.They try to hide their fat with proper clothes.D.They think it is rude to talk about it in public.(3).What does the speaker“s brother look like?（分数：1.00）A.He is thin.B.He i

7、s a medium-sized man.C.He looks as if he has lost a pound.D.He is fat.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)You will hear a talk. As you listen, you must answer Questions 1 5 by writing NO MORE THAN THREE words. （分数：5.00）(1).What“s the percentage of adult smokers in the U.S. in the past decade according to the new

8、 survey by the American cancer society?（分数：1.00）_(2).Why does Dr. Mann decide to offer one hundred dollars to a pregnant woman?（分数：1.00）_(3).What does smoking during pregnancy result in?（分数：1.00）_(4).How many women have completed their pregnancy without smoking during the pregnancy?（分数：1.00）_(5).How

9、 much will the offer be raised?（分数：1.00）_五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：30.00)A team of American scientists has 1 again that there is no safe cigarette. The scientists said that even cigarettes with low 2 of tar and nicotine are harmful. And they said that the only sure way to 3 the danger of cancer

10、and heart disease is to stop smoking completely. The new report was made by a committee 4 the national research council. The health dangers of tar and nicotine have been well reported and reports appear to 5 helped change American smoking customs. Fifteen years ago only about two percent of the ciga

11、rettes sold in the United States were low 6 tar and nicotine. Today more 7 forty percent are low tar and nicotine cigarettes. The new report noted that studies have been made from the years 1955 to 1975. 8 that period the average amount of tar and nicotine in cigarette was reduced by about one half.

12、 9 during the same time lung cancer and other cancers of the breathing system increased 10 seventy percent. 11 fact, male smokers 12 thirty-five or older were more 13 to die 14 lung cancer in 1975 15 smokers of the same age twenty years early.（分数：30.00）六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数

13、：1，分数：10.00)In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos-related (与石棉有关的) deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized committee of inquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After exa

14、mining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advice for dealing with asbestosis. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of as

15、bestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would

16、continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost. As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environment. They rec

17、ommended that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environ

18、ment which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical in de

19、termining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry. The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools

20、 and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended. A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation in the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine

21、ventilation should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements is TRUE about asbestos?（分数：2.00）A.It could result in cancer even if it was used in small quantities.B.It was o

22、nly employed in the building industry.C.It could cause cancer only when it was used in large quantities.D.The risk of its causing cancer remained the same regardless of its type.(2).In spite of the risk, people still preferred to use asbestos in the building industry because _.（分数：2.00）A.there were

23、no other materialsB.when people used wet asbestos, it would be safeC.it was available and cheapD.its quality was good(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger results from _.（分数：2.00）A.the contact of people“s skin with asbestos articlesB.the use of hand toolsC.the asbestos dusk th

24、at people take inD.the use of machine ventilation(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can influence the level of risk?（分数：2.00）A.Protective equipment.B.State of asbestos.C.Types of tools.D.The air temperature in the working environment.(5).Which of the following is incorrect?

25、（分数：2.00）A.Use of asbestos is being reduced dramatically.B.The employment of ventilation devices can reduce the risk caused by asbestos.C.Exposure to asbestos can be reduced if some measures are taken.D.Experts recommend people use hand tools.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Potential AIDS victims who refuse

26、 to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance can not be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is there concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health

27、by exposing others to the virus. 1 Decent people are offended by this unfairness and in the name of benevolence have been driven to do morally irresponsible things such as denying the unpleasant facts of the disease, out of compassion for the victims. We cannot fudge the facts to comfort the afflict

28、ed when such obfuscation compounds the tragedy. 2 We now have tests for the presence of the virus that are as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.

29、3 Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential vector for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to protect others from contamination. We need not force everyone in high-risk populations to take the test. There is no treatment for the disease. Therefore, to insi

30、st on testing serves no therapeutic purpose. Certainly there are those who would prefer ambiguity to certitude. However, a person who is at risk and refuses to have himself tested otherwise is cowardice compounding hypocrisy with wrongdoing. 4 We have a duty to protect the innocent and the unborn. V

31、oluntary premarital testing for AIDS is a protection for both partners and for the uncontaminated and unborn children. We know that AIDS is transmissible from male to female, from female to male, from parent to conceived child. We are dealing not just with the protection of the innocent but with an

32、essential step to contain the spread of an epidemic as tragic and as horrible as any that has befallen modern man. We must do everything in our power to keep this still untreatable disease from becoming pandemic. 5 It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself

33、 to do other than to assume that he tests positively. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, act as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute

34、to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy. A. Surely an individual has a right to spare himself the agony of knowledge if he prefers wishful thinking to certitude. He must not use his desire for hope as an excuse for denial. B. To

35、 state that the test for AIDS is “ambiguous,“ as a clergyman recently said in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. To state that the test does not directly indicate the presence of the virus is a half-truth that misleads and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the prese

36、nce of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts. C. It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions perpetrated in despair cannot be condoned o

37、ut of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strictest precautions now defined as safe sex. D. Some of the educational investment in today“s children has already been lost as student become infected at startling rate

38、s as well. About half of those newly infected with AIDS are younger than 25. One survey at the University of Durban-Westyille estimated that one third of its students are HIV positive. Educators complain that many students refuse consoling and are unwilling to use condoms. E. All disease is an outra

39、ge, and disease that affects the young and healthy seems particularly outrageous. When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. F. Some cruc

40、ial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 percent fatal. The latency period between the time the virus is acqui

41、red and the disease develops is also unknown.（分数：10.00）九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A=ANABOLIC STEROID B=EPO, OR ERYTHROPOIETIN C=BLOOD DOPING D=HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE E=BLOOD SUBSTITUTE Which substance or method. is designed to obviate the need for transfusions in surgery and help patients in hemorrhagic

42、shock? 1 controls the release of IGF-1? 2 helps American athletes win medals in cycling? 3 is developed to alleviate anemia in patients with kidney disease? 4 was fast-tracked for approval in South Africa and found its way to the black market? 5 is short-acting, water-based strength builder? 6 is un

43、detectable if athletes quit taking it a week or so before the games? 7 will not be tested for in Sydney? 8 is quite dangerous because an overdose could make the blood too thick for the heart to pump? 9 was developed for children with dwarfism? 10 ANABOLIC (组织代谢的) STEROIDS (类固醇) These are strength bu

44、ilders. Short-acting, water-based steroids are now available that flush from the system in a matter of hours. The most popular are synthetic derivatives of testosterone (睾丸素), a hormone(激素) already present in the body. They are extremely difficult to detect. Testing for testosterone in Sydney will i

45、nvolve the maligned t/e (testosterone/epitestosteron) ratio. The usual ratio of these two hormones in a urine sample is about to 1. Very few people have naturally elevated t/e ratios of 4 or 5, but the cut-off for the Sydney test is 6. By setting the number so high, the I. O. C. can“t really discour

46、age athletes from boosting their testosterone to that level. “Athletes don“t stay ahead of testers, as people claim,“ says Shorter. “The testers send a message about what“s the best stuff to take.“ EPO, or ERYTHROPOIETIN (红细胞生成素) EPO regulates red-cell production, and these cells deliver oxygen thro

47、ughout the body. Developed to alleviate anemia (贫血症) in patients with kidney disease, synthetic EPO is a diet staple for many long-distance runners, swimmers and cyclists. The oxygen boost it provides can improve an athlete“s performance in a 20-minute run by 30 seconds; in a marathon, by as much as

48、 four minutes. Synthetic EPO is dangerous: an overdose could make the blood too thick for the heart to pump. The drug“s introduction in 1987 was followed by a series of mysterious heart attacks among Dutch cyclists. EPO is believed to have been the cause of no fewer than 25 deaths among Olympic-caliber cyclists in the past 23 years. Epidemiologist Charles Yesalis of Penn State, an expert on performance en