翻译二级笔译实务-5及答案解析.doc

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1、翻译二级笔译实务-5 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their pote

2、ntials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by publ

3、ic officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife and ma

4、n himself. Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or in

5、tolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranqui

6、lizing pills of half truth. We urgently need an end to these false assurances, to the sugar coating of unpalatable facts. It is the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect controllers calculate. The public must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it c

7、an do so only when in full possession of the facts. In the words of Jean Rostand, “The obligation to endure gives us the right to know.“（分数：30.00）_二、BPart B Choice o(总题数：2，分数：60.00)2.For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemical

8、s, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and eve

9、n from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carry

10、ing on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority

11、of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child. All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This indust

12、ry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result h

13、as been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Th

14、us, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain ceils the slow and irreversible chan

15、ge that leads to malignancy.（分数：30.00）_3.The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin

16、 had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Mens Institutes in London

17、 and Leicester as a surveyors apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their divers

18、ity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together until the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes

19、them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see it about us in the birds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of

20、the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by many necessities. So it is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of lei

21、sure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, “gentlemen in Victorian England“, because it cannot be an accident that the theory of evolution is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culture the culture of Queen Victoria in England.（分数：30.00）_三、BSection Chine(总题

22、数：1，分数：20.00)4.自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，中国政府积极探索借鉴国际反贫困经验，不断扩大与国际组织在扶贫领域的合作，并有了明显进展。 在扶贫领域，世界银行与中国的合作最早，投入规模最大。世界银行与中国目前已经开展的西南、秦巴、西部三期扶贫贷款项目，援助总规模达 6.1 亿美元，覆盖九个省区；91 个贫困县、800 多万贫困人口。其中中国西南世界银行贷款项目于 1995 年 7 月开始在云南、贵州、广西三省(区)最贫困的 35 个国家级贫困县实施。项目总投资 42.3 亿元，其中利用世行贷款 2.475 亿美元，国内相应的配套资金为 21.8 亿元。项目建设主要包括大农业、基础

23、设施建设、第二、三产业开发、劳务输出、教育卫生和贫困监测等方面。项目建成后将使项目区 350 万贫困人口稳定解决温饱问题。这一项目是中国第一个跨省区、跨行业、综合性的扶贫开发项目，也是迄今为止利用外资规模最大的扶贫项目。目前项目进展顺利，并已进入收尾阶段。（分数：20.00）_四、BPart B Choice o(总题数：2，分数：40.00)5.中国等发展中国家向美国提供了大量价廉物美的商品，使美国传统制造业腾出财力物力用于发展高新技术。这加快了美国工业的升级换代，推进了美国产业结构的优化，使美国及时摆脱传统工业的束缚，保持了它在世界经济中的领先地位。因此，中国的出口不会威胁美国的经济。 在

24、中国扩大出口的同时，进口也在快速增长。实际上，美国产品早已进入中国百姓的日常生活。现在，不少中国人乘坐的是波音飞机，开的是别克轿车，看的是美国电影，穿的是苹果牌牛仔裤，喝的是可口可乐，用的是摩托罗拉手机和 IBM电脑，而电脑里运行的是微软软件。 中国进出口能力的不断提高为包括美国经济在内的世界经济做出了积极贡献。（分数：20.00）_6.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein)出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一位工程师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南

25、针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想试验”：玩具中的针为什么总是指向北? 爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他是那个科学独领风骚的世纪的著名科学家。那个时代的一些标志性科研成果，如原子弹、量子物理学以及电子学，无不带有他的烙印。即使现在，科学家们仍为广义相对论表现出的胆识所折服。他们认为他的思想已超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。（分数：20.00）_翻译二级笔译实务-5 答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.It is not my contention that chemical insectic

26、ides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and

27、 often without their knowledge. If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could concei

28、ve of no such problem. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural wor

29、ld that supports all life. There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a

30、 dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing pills of half truth. We urgently need an end to these false assurances, to the sugar coating of unpalatable fac

31、ts. It is the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect controllers calculate. The public must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do so only when in full possession of the facts. In the words of Jean Rostand, “The obligation to endure gives us t

32、he right to know.“（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：我并不主张化学杀虫剂绝对不能使用。但我认为我们已把化学毒药不加区别地置于某些人的乎中，他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力。我们迫使众多的人接触这些毒药，并未征得他们的同意，而且他们往往并不知道。如果说人权宣言没有规定要保证公民不受致命毒药的危害，无论这种毒药是来自私人还是来自官员，那肯定只是因为我们的祖先虽然具有远见卓识，却不可能想到这类问题。 我还认为，我们容许使用这些化学毒药，却并未调查或很少调查它们对土壤、水、野生动物和人类本身有什么影响。我们不认真关心一切生命赖以生存的自然界的完整

33、性，我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的。 于这究竟是怎样一种危害，人们的认识仍然极为有限。当今是专家时代，每一位专家只看到自己的问题，认识不到或者并不顾及更大的范畴，而他面临的问题只是其中的一部分。当今也是工业主宰一切的时代，人们有权为赚取一块钱而不惜任何代价，却很少有人过问。公众因看到一些明显的证据证明使用杀虫剂造成了破坏性的后果而表示不满，就给他们吃一些用半真半假的话制作的小药丸，使他们镇静下来。我们急需结束这些虚假的宽心话，结束这种给难以接受的事实裹糖衣的作法。治虫者设置的这些风险是要由公众来承担的。因此公众必须作出决定，是否愿意在现在这条路上走下去，而要这样做，就必须充分掌握真实的情况。用让罗

34、斯丹的话来说：“一定要让我们忍受，我们就有知情权。” 采分点解析 1I do contend that we have pot poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. 但我认为我们已把化学毒药不加区别地置于某些人的手中，他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句可译成两个句子。翻译形容词短语 lar

35、gely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm 时，增加“他们”作主语，形容词ignorant 转译成动词“不了解”，这部分泽成“他们不甚了解或者全然不了解这些化学毒药具有潜在的造成危害的能力”。indiscriminate 指“不分青红皂白的，不加选择的，不受限制的”。 2We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons. without their consent and often without their knowledge.

36、我们迫使众多的人接触这些毒药，并未征得他们的同意，而且他们往往并不知道。 分析 理解表达采分点。 在翻译介词短语 without their consent 时，要增加动词“征得”。介词短语 often without their knowledge 译成一个分句“他们往往并不知道”，without sb.s knowledge 指在某人不知情的情况下。knowledge 要转译为动词。“知道”。 subject.to.指“使遭受到”。subject，这里应选择其“使”的含义。 3If the Bill of Rights contains no guarantee that a citize

37、n shall be secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and foresight, could conceive of no such problem. 如果说人权宣言没有规定要保证公民不受致命毒药的危害，无论这种毒药是来自私人还是来自官员，那肯定只是因为我们的祖先虽然具有远见卓识，却

38、不可能想到这类问题。 分析 理解表达采分点及基本素质采分点。 Bill of Rights权利法案是美国宪法前十条修正案。lethal 指“致命的，致死的”。介词短语 despite their considerable wisdom and foresight 作为插入语，用来进一步解释说明先人的特点。因此翻译时应将其放在转折之前。即“即使他们具有远见卓识，他们也想象不到”。considerable意为“相当可观的，相当大的”，在句中修饰 wisdom and foresight，可以翻译成“大智慧和远见卓识”。短语 conceive of sth. 意思是“想到某事”。 4Future g

39、enerations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life. 如果我们不认真关心一切生命赖以生存的自然界的完整性，我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的。 分析 理解表达采分点。 原句可以通过断句及增译的方法翻译成一个条件句。Future generations are unlikely to condone 是句子的主要部分，译成主句“我们的后代是不会宽恕我们的”，宾语及定语从句 our lack of pruden

40、t concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life 翻译成条件分句，增加主语，名词 concern 转译成动词。condone 指“宽恕，赦免”。 5This is an era of specialists, each of whom sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the larger frame into which it fits. 当今是专家时代，每一位专家只看到自己的问题，认识不到或者并不顾及更大的范畴，而他面临

41、的问题只是其中的一部分。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句是一个非限定性定语从句，which 指代的是前面所提及的 larger frame，从句单独翻译成一句话。it 所指的就是前面句子中的“his own problem”。因此这句话应该这样理解，即这些专家们只看到自己领域内的问题，而这些问题实际上是属于一个更大的范畴之内的。 6It is also an era dominated by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost is seldom challenged. 当今也是工业主宰一切的时代，人们有权

42、为赚取一块钱而不惜任何代价，却很少有人过问。 分析 理解表达采分点。 at cost 指“以的价格或成本”。at whatever cost 指“不惜任何代价”。此句是一个非限制性定语从句，which 后面所跟成分解释说明这一工业时代的特点，即人们有权利去不惜任何代价赚取金钱，并且这一权利 is seldom challenged，很少被人质疑和挑战。challenge 可以翻译成“质疑，过问”。 7When the public protests, confronted with some obvious evidence of damaging results of pesticide a

43、pplications, it is fed little tranquilizing pills of half truth. 公众因看到一些明显的证据证明使用杀虫剂造成了破坏性的后果而表示不满，就给他们吃一些用半真半假的话制作的小药丸，使他们镇静下来。 分析 理解表达采分点。 protest 指“抗议，不满”；tranquilize 指“宁静，安静”，tranquilizing pills 译成“镇静剂”。在这里比喻政府的安抚政策，即(政府)会给公众一些半真半假的解释，就如同那些镇静药片一样，从而起到镇静和安抚作用。 8In the words of Jean Rostand, “The

44、obligation to endure gives us the right to know.“用让罗斯丹的话来说：“一定要让我们忍受，我们就有知情权。” 分析 理解表达采分点。 right to know 译成“知情权”。obligation to endure 指“忍受或忍耐的义务”，即如果要公众履行其沉默或忍受的义务，那么必须给他们知情权。二、BPart B Choice o(总题数：2，分数：60.00)2.For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to con

45、tact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the

46、 major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so unive

47、rsally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birds and in man himself. For these chemicals arc now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child. All this has come about because of the sudden ri