翻译三级笔译实务-24及答案解析.doc

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1、翻译三级笔译实务-24 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.Research published in May 1993 by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) showed that reducing coastal and river pollution and ensuring a reliable water supply were among the top environmental pr

2、iorities for the public.All discharges to water in the UK require the consent of the appropriate regulatory authority. In England and Wales the Environment Agencys principal method of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater

3、, and inland and coastal waters. The Agency maintains public registers containing information about water quality, discharge consents, authorizations and monitoring. Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agencys decision; most of these appeal

4、s are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. In Scotland control is the responsibility of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), and most appeals are dealt with by the Scottish Office. In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Service is responsi

5、ble for controlling water pollution.In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits, including a number of offences by water companies discharging insufficiently treated sewage. The majority of these breaches did not cause any significant environme

6、ntal damage. However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines ranging from 440 to 12,000 and one prison sentence of two months. In Scotland, there were 2,734 pollution incidents in 1997; SEPA seeks prosecution in all significant cases.In 19

7、97 and 1998, the Government introduced statutory Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for 33 substances in water. The new regulations give legal force for the first time to standards for some of the most dangerous pollutants found in the aquatic environment.In the UK, 96 percent of the population

8、live in properties connected to a sewer, and sewage treatment works serve over 80 percent of the population. In England and Wales, the water industry is committed to an investment programme of some 11,000 million over ten years for improvements to water quality. Progressively higher treatment standa

9、rds for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to bring further improvements in water quality. In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewerage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, e

10、ast and west of the country.（分数：60.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。“我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。”冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并披学生会任命负责宣传工

11、作。她写了诗歌，文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义和各种形式的封建主义。她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-24 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.Research published in May 1993 by the Department of the En

12、vironment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) showed that reducing coastal and river pollution and ensuring a reliable water supply were among the top environmental priorities for the public.All discharges to water in the UK require the consent of the appropriate regulatory authority. In England and W

13、ales the Environment Agencys principal method of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters. The Agency maintains public registers containing information about water quality, discharge consents,

14、authorizations and monitoring. Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agencys decision; most of these appeals are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. In Scotland control is the responsibility of the Scotti

15、sh Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), and most appeals are dealt with by the Scottish Office. In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Service is responsible for controlling water pollution.In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits

16、, including a number of offences by water companies discharging insufficiently treated sewage. The majority of these breaches did not cause any significant environmental damage. However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines ranging from

17、440 to 12,000 and one prison sentence of two months. In Scotland, there were 2,734 pollution incidents in 1997; SEPA seeks prosecution in all significant cases.In 1997 and 1998, the Government introduced statutory Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for 33 substances in water. The new regulations

18、 give legal force for the first time to standards for some of the most dangerous pollutants found in the aquatic environment.In the UK, 96 percent of the population live in properties connected to a sewer, and sewage treatment works serve over 80 percent of the population. In England and Wales, the

19、water industry is committed to an investment programme of some 11,000 million over ten years for improvements to water quality. Progressively higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to bring further improvements in

20、water quality. In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewerage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, east and west of the country.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：(根据英国环境、交通及区域部于 1998年 5月公布的研究报告，减少沿海水域与河流的污染，保证供应安全用水，乃是广大公众在环保方面的当务之急。在英国，向水中倾倒任何东西，都需征得有关

21、管理部门的同意。在英格兰和威尔士，环境署控制水污染的主要方法是监控一切流入地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水，包括污水。环境署存有公开的记录，记载着水质、排放许可、授权单位、监督情况等事项。申请排放许可者如对环境署的决定不满，有权上诉，大都由计划督察团接受处理，督察团是部属的一个执行机构。在苏格兰，是由苏格兰环保署(SEPA) 负责监控，上诉大都由驻苏格兰办事处接受处理。在北爱尔兰，水污染由环境与遗产局负责监控。1997年，在英格兰和威尔士共发生 4717起超过许可限度的排污事件，其中有一些是水公司的过错，它们排放了未经充分处理的污水。这些违规行为绝大部分都没有对环境造成重大危害。然而，环境署也的确

22、将65起违规事件送上法庭，其中 6l起环境署胜诉，判处的罚款自 440镑至 12000镑不等，还有一起判处败诉方两个月徒刑。在苏格兰，1997 年共发生污染事件 2734起；苏格兰环境保护署对情节严重者均予起诉。1997和 1998年，政府实行法定环境质量标准，涉及水中 33种物质。新规定使得关于在水中发现的几种最危险的污染物的标准第一次具有法律效力。在英国，96人口的住宅与下水道系统相连，污水处理厂能为 80以上的人口服务。在英格兰和威尔士，水工业承诺在十年间将投资约 110亿英镑，以改善水质。逐步提高工业废水处理标准，采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染，预计将会进一步提高水质。在苏格兰，三个给

23、水排污管理局负责给水和排污的事宜，分管全国的北部、东部和西部地区。)解析：解析 1reliable water supply 保证供应安全用水。分析 基本素质采分点。reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的，water supply n. 给水，自来水，供水系统。可信赖的供水系统。根据前文提到的 ensuring(保证)，所以后面翻译成“保证供水安全”比较符合汉语表达方式。2top environmental priorities for the public 广大公众在环保方面的当务之急。分析 用词选词采分点。top priority指“应予最优先考虑的事”，在这里翻译成“当务之急”更好

24、。3In England and Wales the Environment Agencys principal method of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters在英格兰和威尔士，环境署控制水污染的主要方法是监控一切流入地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水，包括污水。分析 理解结构采分点。介词短语 including sewage(包括污水

25、)插入语成分，用于解释说明排放的废水都包含哪些种类，因此在翻译的时候可将其放在最后进行解释。先把“. discharges, into groundwater and inland and coastal waters”翻译成“排人地下水及内陆和沿海水域的废水”，然后再进一步解释说明这些废水包括sewage(污水)。4Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agencys decision; most of these appeals are

26、dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. 申请排放许可者如对环境署的决定不满，有权上诉，大都由计划督察团接受处理，督察团是部属的一个执行机构。分析 理解结构采分点。本句是由两个分句组成，译成汉语时可采用合句法组成一个句子。an executive agency of the DETR 是作为 planning inspectorate的同位语来进一步解释说明这一部门是隶属于 DETR。5In Northern Ireland the Environment and Heritage Ser

27、vice is responsible for controlling water pollution在北爱尔兰，水污染由环境与遗产局负责监控。分析 基本素质采分点。Environment and Heritage Service表示一个机构，其中的 Service应翻译成“局”。6In 1997, there were 4,717 cases in England and Wales of discharges exceeding their consented limits, including a number of offences by water companies dischar

28、ging insufficiently treated sewage. 1997年，在英格兰和威尔士共发生 4,717起超过许可限度的排污事件，其中有一些是水公司的过错，它们排放了未经充分处理的污水。分析 选词用词采分点。insufficiently treated指“处理不充分，处理不当的”，这里要翻译成“未经充分处理的”。offence不译成“冒犯”，而这里指的是“过错”。7However, the Environment Agency did bring 65 cases to court, of which 61 were successful, resulting in fines

29、ranging from 440 to 12,000 and one prison sentence of two months. 然而，环境署也的确将 65起违规事件送上法庭，其中 61起环境署胜诉，判处的罚款自 440镑至 12000镑不等，还有一起判处两个月徒刑。分析 选词用词采分点。bringto court，把送上法庭。短语 result in省译。successful 不宜翻译成“成功”，为了使句子更通顷，应译成动词“胜诉”。8In England and Wales，the water industry is committed to an investment programm

30、e of some 11,000 million over ten years for improvements to water quality. 在英格兰和威尔士，水工业承诺在十年间将投资约 110亿英镑，以改善水质。分析 理解表达采分点。采用省译的方法省译 programme。Some 指“大约”。9Progressively higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture are expected to brin

31、g further improvements in water quality逐步提高工业废水处理标准，采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染，预计将会进一步提高水质。分析 理解结构采分点。原句的主语是两个并列的名词性短语 higher treatment standards for industrial waste effluents and new measures to combat pollution from agriculture, 可以翻译成动宾结构作主语，译为“逐步提高工业废水处理标准，采取新措施以治理农业造成的污染”。其中要增加动词“提高”和“采取”，谓语部分的 improvemen

32、t转译成动词“提高”。10In Scotland, responsibility for the provision of all water and sewerage services lies with three Water and Sewerage Authorities, covering the north, east and west of the country. 在苏格兰，三个给水排污管理局负责给水和排污的事宜，分管全国的北部、东部和西部地区。分析 选词用词采分点。lie with是当“属于的权利”讲，在此译成由负责即可。cover 在这里不译成“覆盖”因为其逻辑主语是“给水

33、排污管理局”，所以，用“分管”更好。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。“我已有多年没有写诗了，”她微笑说，“可是我还是爱读好诗。”冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。那就是五四运动，一个由北京学生发动的爱国民主运动。群众游行示威的场面给她以深刻的印象。她投身于斗争中，并披学生会任命负责宣传工作。她写了诗歌，文章和故事，以抨击帝国主义

34、和各种形式的封建主义。她在 1923年到美国去学文学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。这些都收在一个集子里出版，就是寄小读者。这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。有不少较年轻的作家说，是冰心的作品使他们走上了其后所走的道路。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：(It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins

35、house, i felt very excited, I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I havent written poetry for many years,“ she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.“Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was

36、attending a womens college in Beijing in 1919, an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement, a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and w

37、as put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems, articles and stories, attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms.Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collecti

38、on To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xins writings that started them on the road they have since followed.)解析：解析 1向一位著名的女作家祝贺她八十岁寿辰，这样的机会是不多的

39、，所以我去年十月五日到冰心家里去的时候，心情非常激动。It isnt often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt very excited.分析 理解表达采分点。原文是四个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整，本句采用并句的技巧将之译为两个句子。前两个单句译为用形式主语 it代替主语从句的结构：It isnt o

40、ften that. 后两句用顺译法 So on October 5 last year, when I went to Bing Xins house, I felt very excited.2我解释说希望她给我讲一下她是怎样成为诗人的。I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about bow she became a poet.分析 理解表达采分点。本句用顺译的方法即可，但翻译时需根据英语习惯采用增词技巧，汉语中所用动词在翻译过程中要通过主从复合句的层次来体现：原文中的“解释说”、“希望”、“讲一下”、“成为”译作 I

41、explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet.3冰心很幸运地有鼓励她学习和写作的父母。Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write.分析 理解表达采分点。汉语中常将定语放在所修饰的中心词前，之间用“的”连接，而在英语中定语常用一个从句来表达，因此本句中的“鼓励她学习和写作的父母”可译作 parents who encouraged her to study and write。

42、4一九一九年她在北京一所女子学院念书时，一个事件改变了她生命的整个道路。When she was attending a womens college in Beijing in l919, an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life.分析 理解表达采分点。本句要采用补译法，因为“改变了她生命的事件”指的是“当时发生的”，所以在译文中按英语习惯加入了 occurred，句子结构也因此有所变化。5五四运动 the May 4th Movement分析 基本素质采分点。五四运动是个专有名词。6她在 1923年到美国去学文

43、学，在旅途中和在美国居留中写下了她的感受。Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature, she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there.分析 理解表达采分点。原文是两个单句。译成英语时，要根据英语的语法结构和语言习惯进行调整，本句采用并句法将之译为一个句子，前面一句用分词短语作状语，后面一句作主句。7这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚的情操。The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book.分析 理解表达采分点。本句可用并句法翻译。因后面的两个单句表原因，可作状浯从句；并将之与前面一个句子合并成一个复合句，使得句子结构更为严谨，更符合英语习惯。