大学英语四级-256及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级-256 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)The Technology That“s Transforming GardeningWith the holiday weekend coming up and the weather (hopefully) taking a turn for the better, many of us may 1 feeling a bit green-fingered (精通园艺的) and turn our 2 to gardening. The N

2、ew York-based tech Bitponics is hoping that worrying about seasons will be a thing of the past when it comes to 3 your own plants, fruit and vegetables. Bitponics claims to be “your 4 gardening assistant“. The system it sells is a cloud-based hydroponics (水栽培) gardening manager. Many people may only

3、 have heard of hydroponics in terms of growing cannabis (大麻), but actually it is 5 used in farming. Hydroponics basically 6 growing plants without soil, instead using a reservoir (蓄水池) of nutrient solutions in water. What Bitponics strives to do is automate hydroponic systems. The technology it has

4、developed is an electronic box that has 7 attached. These sensors, or probes, go into the reservoir of your hydroponic system and monitor things like pH levels, 8 , humidity (湿度), and the data is then sent 9 to the cloud. Two outlets let you plug in lights or pumps, which can be set on timers to aid

5、 growing. A web app gives you a grow plan, which 10 you by text or e-mail when you need to add nutrients or change the water reservoir. A. absently E. investment I. personal M. temperature B. attention F. involves J. plentiful N. widely C. explicit G. merely K. sensors O. wirelessly D. growing H. no

6、tifies L. start（分数：25.00）The Dangers of ReadingOne of the biggest reasons I depart from my minimalist (极简主义的) philosophy is reading, 11 , reading about what others are doing. I read a blog post, or a magazine article about someone doing something 12 : travelling, using a new productivity system, mak

7、ing bread, etc. And then I want to do that too. And I think we all do this. We all read inspirational things, or hear about them from a friend, and 13 ourselves doing the same thing. This is often a good thinginspiration is good, isn“t it? Learning from others is 14 good. But this inspiration can of

8、ten 15 me to forget about what I“ve learned, and soon I“m heading down a new path, buying a lot of things to support my new interest, only to 16 this interest when I“ve read something else. This has happened to me dozens of times. I want to learn Spanish, programming, bread making, 17 writing, guita

9、r; each of these is wonderful. But when I become especially interested in the next new thing to learn about, the other things suffer. I can“t learn about them all at once. Such 18 pulls away my focus and keeps me from doing well at any one thing. What“s the antidote (解)? Focus, namely, 19 to one thi

10、ng long enough to learn it. Don“t be distracted by every new thing you read. The answer isn“t to stop reading, but to pay more 20 attention to your impulses when you do read. A. abandon E. definitely I. fiction M. satisfaction B. careful F. distraction J. imagine N. specifically C. cause G. facilita

11、ting K. plentiful O. stick D. concentration H. fascinating L. presumably（分数：25.00）Caffeine May Improve MemoryA cup of coffee in the morning may improve long-term memory, according to a new study. The study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, found that participants who had been given caff

12、eine (咖啡因) pills had better memory 21 Scientists studied 160 participants aged 18 to 30, and showed them 22 photos of items at the beginning, asking study subjects to classify the items as “indoor“ or “outdoor“. Half the participants were given a caffeine pill after that 23 , the other half a placeb

13、o (安慰剂). One day later, all the participants were shown the same pictures, as well as some they hadn“t seen before. They were asked whether each photo was new, old or 24 to the originals. While both groups were able to 25 between old and new pictures, the researchers 26 discovered that the participa

14、nts who took the caffeine pills were better at determining which pictures were similar to the first round. The researchers remain 27 about how caffeine may influence memory, but they speculate that it could interfere with hormones (荷尔蒙，激素) related to memory making. The study needs to be repeated bef

15、ore any proven conclusions can be made, but it“s not the first to find benefits in caffeine intake (摄取). In fact, similar findings were made in a population of bees, which leads researchers to believe that the caffeine played a 28 in improving recall. Still, highly caffeinated products have been lin

16、ked to 29 events like poor sleep. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced it was looking into the safety of energy drinks after 30 several reports of illnesses and even deaths after taking energy drinks. A. classification E. negative I. role M. temporarily B. conceiving F. recall I.

17、 significance N. uncertain C. disguise G. receiving K. similar O. various D. distinguish H. remind L. surprisingly（分数：25.00）Do You Use Your Cell Phone a Lot?Too much time spent on your cell phone doesn“t mean you“re more connected and happier. A new research from scientists at Kent State University

18、in Kent, Ohio shows that the more time college students spend on their ceil phones, the more 31 they are and the more their academic performance will 32 . Jacob Barkley, Aryn Karpinski and Andrew Lepp studied 500 Kent State University students, each of whom reported their daily cell phone use for th

19、e year as well as their level of anxiety and 33 with their life. At the end of the year, the students also 34 the researchers to see their official school records for their cumulative (累积的) grade point average (GPA). Not only was greater cell phone use 35 correlated (相关的) with satisfaction and happi

20、ness, it was also associated with lower GPAspresumably because the students were more anxious and unable to 36 on their studies. While 37 researches found that cell phones can improve social interaction and reduce feelings of isolation, the latest findings suggest that constant 38 to information and

21、 people may be a double-edged-sword. The researchers speculate, for example, that students may feel anxious if they feel obligated (有义务的) to be in constant 39 with their friends. Some may have difficulty disconnecting, which only feeds into the stress linked to their phones. Occasional episodes of s

22、olitude can be 40 for well-being, but students who are tied to their phones aren“t getting these respites (暂缓). A. access E. intense I. preferred M. suffer B. anxious F. negatively J. previous N. touch C. concentrate G. objectively K. relation O. vital D. depend H. permitted L. satisfaction（分数：25.00

23、）大学英语四级-256 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)The Technology That“s Transforming GardeningWith the holiday weekend coming up and the weather (hopefully) taking a turn for the better, many of us may 1 feeling a bit green-fingered (精通园艺的) and turn our 2 to gardening. The N

24、ew York-based tech Bitponics is hoping that worrying about seasons will be a thing of the past when it comes to 3 your own plants, fruit and vegetables. Bitponics claims to be “your 4 gardening assistant“. The system it sells is a cloud-based hydroponics (水栽培) gardening manager. Many people may only

25、 have heard of hydroponics in terms of growing cannabis (大麻), but actually it is 5 used in farming. Hydroponics basically 6 growing plants without soil, instead using a reservoir (蓄水池) of nutrient solutions in water. What Bitponics strives to do is automate hydroponic systems. The technology it has

26、developed is an electronic box that has 7 attached. These sensors, or probes, go into the reservoir of your hydroponic system and monitor things like pH levels, 8 , humidity (湿度), and the data is then sent 9 to the cloud. Two outlets let you plug in lights or pumps, which can be set on timers to aid

27、 growing. A web app gives you a grow plan, which 10 you by text or e-mail when you need to add nutrients or change the water reservoir. A. absently E. investment I. personal M. temperature B. attention F. involves J. plentiful N. widely C. explicit G. merely K. sensors O. wirelessly D. growing H. no

28、tifies L. start（分数：25.00）解析：L解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的情态动词 may和空格后的 feeling a bit gree-fingered可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词原形。feeling 在该句中为动词 feel的动名词形式，而非名词“感觉”。备选词汇中只有 start“开始”符合此处语境，故选 L。解析：B解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的 our和空格后的 to gardening可以判断，此处需要填入一个名词。再结合前文中提到的 feeling可知，备选词汇中 attention“注意，留心”最符合此处语境，故选B。解析：D解析 动词辨义题。when it

29、comes to 为习惯用法，意为“当提到”，其后接名词或动名词。再由空格后的 your own plants.可以判断，此处需要填入一个动名词。备选词汇中只有growing“生长”符合此处语境，故选 D。解析：I解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 your和空格后的 gardening assistant可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词修饰 assistant“助理”。备选词汇中 personal“私人的”符合此处语境，故选 I。解析：N解析 副词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，并不缺少任何成分，根据空格前的 it is和空格后的 used可以判断，此处需要填入一个副词修饰 used“应用”。

30、备选词汇中 widely“广泛地”符合此处语境，故选 N。be widely used in 意为“广泛应用于”。解析：F解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 basically和空格后的动名词 growing可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词，且其后可以接动名词。备选词汇中 involves“包括”符合此处语境，故选 F。解析：K解析 名词辨义题。that has.attached 在句中作 an electronic box的定语，其中 attached意为“将某物系在、缚在或附在(另一物)上”。have sth. attached 意为“附有”，由此可知此处需要填入一个名词。后文中紧接着提到了 T

31、hese sensors，故不难推知备选词汇中 sensors“传感器”符合此处语境，故选 K。解析：M解析 名词辨义题。此处空格位于几个并列的名词之间，由此可以判断，此处需要填入一个能够与 pH levels和 humidity并列使用的名词。备选词汇中 temperature“温度”符合此处语境，故选M。investment“投资”显然不能被“这些传感器”(These sensors)所“监控”(monitor)，故排除。解析：O解析 副词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，再由空格前的 sent和空格后的 to the cloud可以判断，此处需要填入一个副词修饰 sent“发送”。显然，备

32、选词汇中 wirelessly“无线地”最符合此处语境，故选 O。解析：H解析 动词辨义题。空格位于 which引导的非限制性定语从句中，该从句的先行词为 a grow plan。该从句中缺少动词，再根据整个句子采用的一般现在时时态可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式。备选词汇中 notifies“通知”符合此处语境，故选 H。The Dangers of ReadingOne of the biggest reasons I depart from my minimalist (极简主义的) philosophy is reading, 11 , reading about wh

33、at others are doing. I read a blog post, or a magazine article about someone doing something 12 : travelling, using a new productivity system, making bread, etc. And then I want to do that too. And I think we all do this. We all read inspirational things, or hear about them from a friend, and 13 our

34、selves doing the same thing. This is often a good thinginspiration is good, isn“t it? Learning from others is 14 good. But this inspiration can often 15 me to forget about what I“ve learned, and soon I“m heading down a new path, buying a lot of things to support my new interest, only to 16 this inte

35、rest when I“ve read something else. This has happened to me dozens of times. I want to learn Spanish, programming, bread making, 17 writing, guitar; each of these is wonderful. But when I become especially interested in the next new thing to learn about, the other things suffer. I can“t learn about

36、them all at once. Such 18 pulls away my focus and keeps me from doing well at any one thing. What“s the antidote (解)? Focus, namely, 19 to one thing long enough to learn it. Don“t be distracted by every new thing you read. The answer isn“t to stop reading, but to pay more 20 attention to your impuls

37、es when you do read. A. abandon E. definitely I. fiction M. satisfaction B. careful F. distraction J. imagine N. specifically C. cause G. facilitating K. plentiful O. stick D. concentration H. fascinating L. presumably（分数：25.00）解析：N解析 副词辨义题。根据空格前后的逗号可以推断，此处需要填入一个可以单独使用的形容词或副词，用作插入语。备选词汇中只有 specifica

38、lly“确切地说”符合此处语境，用在此处以引出后面的内容，以对前面提到的 reading作进一步的解释说明，故选 N。解析：H解析 形容词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，再由空格前的 something可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词以修饰 something。备选词汇中 plentiful意为“大量的，丰富的”，不能修饰something，故排除。而后文中列举的 travelling等并不算是“仔细的”事情，因而也排除careful。fascinating 意为“吸引人的”，符合此处语境，故选 H。解析：J解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 and和空格后的 ourselves doing.可以

39、推断，此处需要填入一个动词原形，与前面提到的 read并列，且其后可接现在分词短语作宾语补足语。备选词汇中只有imagine“想象”符合此处语境，故选 J。解析：E解析 副词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，根据空格前的系动词 is和空格后的形容词 good可以推断，此处需要填入一个副词修饰 good。备选词汇中 definitely“肯定地”最符合此处语境，故选E。解析：C解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 can often和空格后的代词 me to forget可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词原形，且其后可以接 sb. to do结构，并且该动作的发出者为物，即 this inspiration

40、，因此 cause“造成，导致”符合此处语境，故选 C。解析：A解析 动词辨义题。根据空格前的 only to和空格后的名词 this interest。可以判断，此处需要填入一个动词原形。从语义上看，前文中提到了作者从阅读中获得的新的启迪会让作者忘记自己所学的东西，而开始购买很多东西来支持自己新的兴趣；后文中也提到作者不能同时学习所有他感兴趣的东西。由此不难推知，此处作者所要表达的是自己在读到别的东西之后又会抛弃其所拥有不久的新兴趣。因而备选词汇中的 abandon“放弃”符合此处语境，故选 A。解析：I解析 名词辨义题。此处空格与其后面的 writing一词一起与前文中提到的 bread

41、making并列，由此可知此处需要填入一个名词，而且能够作 write的宾语。备选词汇中只有 fiction“小说”符合此处语境，故选 I。解析：F解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的限定词 such和空格后的动词 pulls可以判断，此处需要填入一个不可数名词。此处空格指的是前文中提到的作者总是想要学习更新的东西，而使其他事情遭殃的情况。由此可以判断空格处填入的名词须表示消极意义，备选词汇中只有 distraction“注意力分散”符合此处语境，故选 F。解析：O解析 动词辨义题。由该句句首的 Focus和空格前的插入语 namely“也就是，换句话说”可以判断，空格所在的分句为祈使句，且其表达的

42、意义与 namely前面的内容相同，由此可知此空格处需要填入一个动词原形，表达与 focus相关的意义，备选词汇中只有 stick“坚持”符合此处语境，故选O。stick to sth.意为“坚持或维持某事物”，为固定用法。解析：B解析 形容词辨义题。此处空格位于 pay more和 attention中间，由此可以判断此处需要填入一个形容词，以修饰 attention“注意力”。备选词汇中 fascinating意为“吸引人的”，不能修饰attention，故排除。plentiful 意为“大量的，丰富的”，不能被 more修饰，因而也排除。careful 意为“审慎的，小心的”，用在此处语

43、义通顺，故选 B。pay more careful attention to sth.意为“更多地注意某事物”。Caffeine May Improve MemoryA cup of coffee in the morning may improve long-term memory, according to a new study. The study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, found that participants who had been given caffeine (咖啡因) pills had bette

44、r memory 21 Scientists studied 160 participants aged 18 to 30, and showed them 22 photos of items at the beginning, asking study subjects to classify the items as “indoor“ or “outdoor“. Half the participants were given a caffeine pill after that 23 , the other half a placebo (安慰剂). One day later, al

45、l the participants were shown the same pictures, as well as some they hadn“t seen before. They were asked whether each photo was new, old or 24 to the originals. While both groups were able to 25 between old and new pictures, the researchers 26 discovered that the participants who took the caffeine

46、pills were better at determining which pictures were similar to the first round. The researchers remain 27 about how caffeine may influence memory, but they speculate that it could interfere with hormones (荷尔蒙，激素) related to memory making. The study needs to be repeated before any proven conclusions

47、 can be made, but it“s not the first to find benefits in caffeine intake (摄取). In fact, similar findings were made in a population of bees, which leads researchers to believe that the caffeine played a 28 in improving recall. Still, highly caffeinated products have been linked to 29 events like poor

48、 sleep. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced it was looking into the safety of energy drinks after 30 several reports of illnesses and even deaths after taking energy drinks. A. classification E. negative I. role M. temporarily B. conceiving F. recall I. significance N. uncertain

49、 C. disguise G. receiving K. similar O. various D. distinguish H. remind L. surprisingly（分数：25.00）解析：F解析 名词辨义题。空格所在的分句结构完整，不缺少任何成分，且该空格位于句末，根据其前面的 had better memory可以判断，此空格处需要填入一个名词，与 memory构成名词短语。备选词汇中只有 recall“回想”符合此处语境，故选 F。recall 除了可以用作名词以外，还可以用作动词。解析：O解析 形容词辨义题。空格所在的句子不缺少任何成分，而空格后的 photos of items为名词短语，由此可以判断，此处需要填入一个形容词修饰 photos。备选词汇中只有 various“各种各样的”符合此处语境，故选 O。解析：A解析 名词辨义题。根据空格前的 that可知空格处应填入一个名词，且其指代的内容在前文中有提到，根据前文中要求受试者将照片分为“室内”和“室外”两类可知，空格处名词所指应为对照片分类的行为。备选词汇中 classification“分类”符合此处语境，故选 A。解析：K解析 形容词辨义题。根据空格前的 new，old or 可以推断空