大学英语六级分类模拟题488及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 488 及答案解析(总分：339.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “Mass Media and Celebrities“. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. Write your

2、 essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1名人隐私成为大众传媒的焦点 2过度关注名人隐私的弊端 3大众传媒应该如何做 （分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Can societies be rich and green?A. “If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world“s people enhancedn

3、ot just in this generation but in succeeding generationswe must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.“ That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (环保主义者), but from Gordon

4、Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution. B. A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world“s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的) Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of

5、 his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm. C. “The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which a

6、ffects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,“ read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago. D. Hunt through the r

7、eports prepared by UN agencies and development groupsmany for conferences such as this year“s Millennium Goals reviewand you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread. E. Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting the

8、m, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between th

9、e two. F. If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word “environment“ has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealthsuch as the oil depositsthat teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be a

10、lmost impossible. G. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainablyworking with nature rather than against itmight be less profitable in the short term, but cer

11、tainly brings long-term rewards. H. And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people

12、derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them. I. But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agricul

13、ture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel- guzzling (大量消耗) transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long termwhich is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery

14、. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod (鳕鱼) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the

15、stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor. J. There is a view that m

16、odern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet“s environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the exten

17、t of this “ecological overshoot of the human economy“, and found that we are using 1.2 Earth“s-worth of environmental goods and servicesthe implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those servicesthe things which the planet does for us for fleewill grind to a halt. K.

18、Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precisionwhich is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not uni

19、ted in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-band with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation. L. This vi

20、ew assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. “In the developing countries,“ it says, “most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.“ So it is say

21、ing that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily; “In the industrialised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,“ it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for

22、 different reasons. It“s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner. M. Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean

23、air and poison-flee food. They also, however, use far more natural resourcesfuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials. N. A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country“s wealth grows, so do

24、its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation a

25、re not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world. O. Wealth is not, of course, the only factor

26、involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues an

27、d across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.（分数：71.00）(1).Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.（分数：7.10）(2).Environmental protecti

28、on and improvement benefit people all over the world.（分数：7.10）(3).It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.（分数：7.10）(4).The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.（分数：7.10）(5).Development agencies disagre

29、e regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.（分数：7.10）(6).It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.（分数：7.10）(7).Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding

30、in the long run.（分数：7.10）(8).A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.（分数：7.10）(9).Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations“ economic development.（分数：7.10）(10).One recent study warns us of the danger of the

31、exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.（分数：7.10）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Trying to quantify your aerobic fitness (有氧适能)is difficult since it usually requires access to an exercise-physiology lab. But researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology ha

32、ve developed a low-tech means of precisely assessing aerobic fitness and estimating your “fitness age“, or how well your body functions physically, relative to how well it should work, given your age. The researchers evaluated almost 5,000 Norwegians between the ages of 20 and 90, using mobile labs.

33、 They took about a dozen measurements, including height, body mass index, resting heart rate, HDL (高密度脂蛋白) and total cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. Each person also filled out a lifestyle questionnaire. Finally, each volunteer ran to the point of exhaustion on a treadmill (跑步机) to measure his or her peak

34、 oxygen intake (VO2 max)an indicator of fitness age, sine VO2 max is found to closely correlate with significantly increased life spans, even among the elderly or overweight. In order to figure out how to estimate VO2 max without a treadmill, the scientists examined the results to determine which of

35、 the data points were most useful. Surprisingly, they found that putting just five measurementswaist circumference (腰围); resting heart rate; frequency and intensity of exercise; age; and sexinto an formula allowed them to predict a person“s VO2 max with great accuracy, according to their study publi

36、shed in Medicine count for 30 seconds, double the number and you have your resting heart rate. The results can be alarming. A 50-year-old man, for instance, may have a fitness age of 59. Thankfully, unwanted fitness years can be erased. Exercise more frequently or more intensely. Then replug your nu

37、mbers and your “age“ will decline. A youthful fitness age, Dr. Wisloff says, “is the single best predictor of current and future health.“（分数：71.00）(1).What can we infer about aerobic fitness?（分数：14.20）A.It“s impossible to measure for the need of special labs.B.It“s difficult to measure precisely.C.I

38、t can be quantified by your fitness age.D.It shows how well your body should function.(2).How did the researchers obtain the volunteers“ fitness age?（分数：14.20）A.By asking each volunteer to take about a dozen measurements.B.By checking the lifestyle questionnaires filled by volunteers.C.By plugging f

39、ive measurements into an online calculator.D.By measuring each volunteer“s VO2 max with a treadmill.(3).Which of the following is one of the achievements made by the researchers?（分数：14.20）A.They worked out a reference table for fitness age.B.They specified how to determine your resting heart rate.C.

40、They identified VO2 max as an indicator of fitness age.D.They indicated that the elderly can have increased life spans.(4).What do we learn about the five measurements that can be used to predict a person“s fitness age?（分数：14.20）A.In the study they were among the previous dozen measurements.B.You ca

41、n get the five measurements all by yourself.C.Exercise is more important than the other four measurements.D.The researchers had expected less than five measurements.(5).What can we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：14.20）A.Fitness age tends to be larger than your actual age.B.Fitness age may vary ba

42、sed on the amount of exercise.C.You should run the calculator twice to get the accurate fitness age.D.Fitness age can determine your future health.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)According to a study conducted last April, female seniors studying at Boston College left the university with lower self-con

43、fidence than when they entered as freshmen. The study, administered by the Office of Institutional Research, Planning and Assessment at Boston College, examined two surveys: the first of which was taken by students during their freshman year, and the second of which was taken by students exiting the

44、ir senior year. Despite reports of high academic achievement, most female students gave themselves weaker self evaluations in the second survey. Abbey Clark, a senior and founder of the Boston College chapter (分会) of I AM THAT GIRL, a female-empowerment (赋权) community, says the finding is “startling

45、“. Clark hopes to change the trend by creating an open community that will ignite (点燃) confidence and empowerment in young women. I AM THAT GIRL, a global community which aims to help girls turn their self-doubt into self-love, is all about celebrating women“s unique selves, Clark says. “I AM THAT G

46、IRL helps girls turn their stories of struggle and adversity (逆境) into stories of connectedness and empowerment and feeling good about themselves,“ Clark says. “I think that all high school girls at one time or another can relate to the feeling of not being good enough.“ To help young girls overcome

47、 these feelings, Clark says I AM THAT GIRL at Boston College, which boasts 100 members in its first registered year on campus, holds weekly meetings offering a “safe space“ for college students in which they can discuss topics like body image, relationships, family dynamics and finding one“s passion

48、s. Maria Pascucci, the founder of Campus Calm, a national organization that aims to help college women lead healthy, happy lives, says females feel the pressure to be perfect on a regular basis. She added that the media sends mixed messages to young girls, advising them to be the best they can be wh

49、ile simultaneously persuading them to buy more and strive for more. “In our society, being a perfectionist is a glorified and socially acceptable form of self-abuse,“ Pascucci says. Pascucci, who was teased as a young girl and suffered self-esteem issues, says her main message to young girls is to let them know their sense of worth comes from within. “When we begin to compare ourselves to others, especially when we“re vulnerable, that can do a lot of damage to our self-esteem,“ she