2005年11月份托福阅读真题及答案解析.doc
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1、2005年 11月份托福阅读真题及答案解析(总分:50.00,做题时间:120 分钟)Questions 1-10 As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more cr
2、owded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Thir
3、d. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation. Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The f
4、airs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items. Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as t
5、he fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing co
6、unterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods. One of the reasons Philadelphias merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in
7、the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice. (分数:10.00)(1).What does the passage mainly discuss? (分数:
8、1.00)A.Philadelphias agriculture importanceB.Philadelphias development as a marketing centerC.The sale of imported goods in PhiladelphiaD.The administration of the city of Philadelphia(2). It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because (分数:1.00)A.they provided mo
9、re modem facilities than older marketsB.the High Street Market was forced to closeC.existing markets were unable to serve the growing populationD.farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.(3).The word “hinterland “ in line 3 is closest in meaning to (分数:1.00)A.traditionB.associationC.prod
10、uceD.region(4).The word “it“ in line 6 refers to (分数:1.00)A.the crowded cityB.a radiusC.the High Street MarketD.the period(5).The word “persisted“ in line 9 is closest in meaning to (分数:1.00)A.returnedB.startedC.declinedD.continued(6). According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held (分数:1.
11、00)A.on the same day as market saysB.as often as possibleC.a couple of times a yearD.whenever the government allowed it(7).It can be inferred that the author mentions “Linens and stockings“ in line 12 to show that they were items that (分数:1.00)A.retail merchants were not willing to sellB.were not av
12、ailable in the stores in PhiladelphiaC.were more popular in Germantown man in PhiladelphiaD.could easily be transported(8).The word “eradicate“ in line 16 is closest in meaning to (分数:1.00)A.eliminateB.exploitC.organizeD.operate(9).What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that “economic devel
13、opment was on the merchants side “? (分数:1.00)A.Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.B.Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.C.Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independenceD.Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economicallysuccessful.(10).T
14、he word “undergoing“ in line 22 is closest in meaning to (分数:1.00)A.requestingB.experiencingC.repeatingD.includingQuestions 11-22 Avicolturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look f
15、or better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the birds skin to the top portionof the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom
16、 of the egg at a cooler temperature. Thistemperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction cancontribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirtare cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such ne
17、sts also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottomsections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As thewater that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and isheated by the incubating bird, which adds significa
18、nt humidity to the incubationenvironmentIn artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrotsand incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat theeggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the birds method of naturalincubation,
19、and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold aftereggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep
20、foundation of nesting material toact as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the woodenbottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point wherethe embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected fromdirect sunlight t
21、o avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extremetemperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secureplace to rest. (分数:12.00)(1).What is the main idea of the passage? (分数:1
22、.00)A.Nesting material varies according to theparrots environment.B.Humidity is an important factor inincubating parrots eggs.C.Aviculturists have constructed the idealnest box for parrots.D.Wild parrots nests provide informationuseful for artificial incubation.(2).The word “They“ in line 2 refers t
23、o (分数:1.00)A.aviculturistsB.birdsC.eggsD.rates(3).According to paragraph 2, when thetemperature of the sides and bottom of the eggare cooler than the top, then (分数:1.00)A.there may be a good chance forsuccessful incubationB.the embryo will not develop normallyC.the incubating parent moves the egg to
24、a new position.D.the incubation process is slowed down(4).According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to (分数:1.00)A.soften the bottom of the nest for the newlyhatched chickB.hold the nest togetherC.help lower the temperature at the bottom ofthe nestD.make the nest bigger(5).According t
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