【考研类试卷】英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20及答案解析.doc

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1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 20及答案解析(总分：132.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1

2、:_2.In traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit

3、in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot cons

4、titute a word by itself. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word a

5、nd the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学 200

6、6研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only whe

7、n added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes.

8、 That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding

9、 is called a 2.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假

10、17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The words “loose“ and “books“ have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）

11、A.真B.假20.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.A stem is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (对外经贸 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假

12、23.The words “water“ and “teacher“ have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The words “boys“ and “raise“ have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.Analogic change refers to the reduction of the number of exceptional or i

13、rregular morphemes. (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假26.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)27.Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are_items. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）A.open-classB.closed-classC.neither open-class nor closed-class28

14、.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words29.Bound morphemes do not include_. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.prefixesC.suffixesD.words30._other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. (大连外国语学院 2

15、008研)（分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic wordsB.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes31._refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.(西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.AffixationB.InflectionC.DerivationD.Conjugation32.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: tablet

16、ables, day + break daybreak. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.inflection and compoundB.compound and derivationC.inflection and derivation33.Compound words consist of_ morphemes. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）A.boundB.freeC.both bound and free34.Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? (对外经贸

17、 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced35.Which of the following words are formed by blending? (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.girlfriendB.televisionC.smogD.bunch36.The word UN is formed in the way of_. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending37.Which of the following is NOT

18、 a process of the lexical change? (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.INVENTION.B.ACRONYM.C.LEXICON.38.Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of_. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.phonologyB.lexiconC.syntaxD.semantics39.“Wife“, which used to refer to any

19、 woman, stands for “a married woman“ in modern English. This phenomenon is known as_. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing40.It is true that words may shift in meaning, i. e. semantic change. The semantic change of the word tail belongs t

20、o_.（分数：2.00）A.narrowing of meaningB.meaning shiftC.loss of meaningD.widening of meaning41.A suffix is an affix which appears_.（分数：2.00）A.after the stemB.before the stemC.in the middle of the stemD.below the stem四、简答题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)42.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivati

21、onal affixes? (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）_43.What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?(南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_44.What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes? (武汉大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_45.How are affixes classifi

22、ed? (四川大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）_46.A number interesting word-formation processes can be discerned in the following examples. Can you identify what is going on in these?(a) The deceaseds cremains were scattered over the hill.(b) Hes always taking pills, either uppers or downers. (上海交通大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_47.

23、How to distinguish root and stem?（分数：2.00）_48.Illustrate the relationship between morpheme and allomorph by examples.（分数：2.00）_49.What are closed-class words and open-class words?（分数：2.00）_五、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)50.Open-class words (浙江大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_51.Lexical word (武汉大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_52.Morph

24、eme (武汉大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）_53.Stem (四川大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_54.inflectional morpheme (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_55.Free morphemes (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_56.Bound morpheme (上海交大 2007研)（分数：2.00）_57.Inflection (四川大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_58.Compound (四川大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_59.Allomorph (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_60.Back-form

25、ation(四川大学 2008研；北外 2010研)（分数：2.00）_61.Prefix (北外 2010研)（分数：2.00）_62.cognate(南开大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)63.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）_64.Semantic change plays a very important role

26、in widening the vocabulary of a language. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）_65.Illustrate the ways of lexical change. (武汉大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_66.What are the major types of semantic Changes? (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 20答案解析(总分：132.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the ma

27、in content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：function words）解析：解析：词可分为词汇词和语法词。具有词汇意义的词称为词汇词，例如名词、动词、形容词和副词。表达语法意义的词是语法词，例如连词、介词和代词。2.In

28、 traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：pronoun）解析：解析：在传统语法中，代词是唯一一种可用来代替其他语言项目的词性。3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项

29、1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：lexical）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：grammatical）解析：解析：从词所表达的意义划分，词可分为词汇词和语法词。4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：morpheme）解析：解

30、析：语素是最小的语义单位，是语法中的最小单位。它不能被分割成更小的单位而不改变它的意义。5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：inflectional）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：derivational）解析：解析：在形态学中，有两大主要研究方面，一是词的屈折变化，一是词的派生。6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外 2

31、003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：bound）解析：解析：粘着语素指不能单独出现，必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素。7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Morphophonology）解析：解析：形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。8. 1is a relatively complex for

32、m of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Blending）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：smoke）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：fog）解析：解析：混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成，一般把第一个单词的开头部

33、分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：imagined）解析：解析：逆构词法是一种不规则的构词类型，即把一个语言中已经存在的较长单词删去想象中的词缀，由此造出一个较短的

34、单词。10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Word）解析：解析：词是个语言表达单位，无论是在口语还是在书面语中，说母语的人都能够凭直觉识别这个语言单位。它是最小的自由形式词，是能够独立构成一个完整语句的最小单位。11.

35、Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：infix）解析：解析：词缀是那些只能附着于

36、另一个语素(词根或词干)上的一类语素的总称。词缀都是粘着语素，可分为前缀、中缀和后缀三种。12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes. That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （

37、正确答案：正确答案：inflective）解析：解析：可变词有曲折变化。13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：affix）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bound）解析：解析：粘着语素指不能单独出现，必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素。词缀和粘着词根都是粘着语素。14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding is called a 2.（分数：2

38、.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：derivative）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：compound）解析：解析：词汇的变化方式主要有复合和派生两种。派生而成的词叫派生词，复合而成的词叫合成词。二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：词组是指一组具有一定词性的词的组合扩展，且此过程并不改变词原来的词性。16.Words are the

39、 most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：就词的内部结构而言，词是所有语言单位中最稳定的。17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：具有词汇意义(指代物质、动作和性质)的词称为词汇词，例如名词、动词、形容词和副词。18.Pronouns, preposition

40、s, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：封闭类词的成员数目固定，数量有限。像代词、介词、连词和冠词都属于封闭类词。19.The words “loose“ and “books“ have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：这两个词中的z和s是同一个音位z的不同变体，所以有共同的音位，但 loose中的语素是 se，books 中的语素是 s。20.Free morpheme may