【考研类试卷】山东大学考博英语2014年真题及答案解析.doc

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1、山东大学考博英语 2014 年真题及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Grammar and V(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.Most good writers use every means at their _ to make the reader“s way smooth and easy.（分数：0.50）A.willB.disposalC.requestD.convenience2.John was so _ in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring.（分数：0.50）A.engaged

2、B.occupiedC.absorbedD.concentrated3.Too much _ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.（分数：0.50）A.exposureB.disclosureC.contactD.connection4.And we maintain a reflexive, _ affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew.（分数：0.

3、50）A.hatefulB.distancedC.lovingD.close glaring5._ a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a.m.（分数：0.50）A.ExceptB.BarringC.Apart fromD.On account of6.If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot _ his office.（分数：0.50）A.obtainB.secureC.haveD.retain7.Stores and supermarket

4、s have been _ with each other to attract customers.（分数：0.50）A.strivingB.vyingC.conqueringD.sprouting8.The boy was very naughty, his mother _ punishment to make him obey.（分数：0.50）A.took advantageB.made useC.resorted toD.turned for9.If the heavy rain had _ an extreme high tide, serious flooding would

5、have resulted.（分数：0.50）A.happened toB.occurred toC.coincided withD.turned out10.The criminal was told he would be _ from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.（分数：0.50）A.immuneB.immigrantC.imminentD.infallible11.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a _ in the economy or a re

6、cession.（分数：0.50）A.concessionB.boomC.transmissionD.submission12.There is no _ evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countries.（分数：0.50）A.tangibleB.touchableC.noticeableD.inevitable13.The mountain peak is _ on the horizon.（分数：0.50）A.straddlingB.overlookin

7、gC.toweringD.dominant14.14, All the investors in stocks must be _ to the risks in such investment.（分数：0.50）A.realisticB.alertC.accessibleD.awake15.The excursion will give you an even deeper _ into our language and culture.（分数：0.50）A.inquiryB.investigationC.inputD.insight16.The Prime Minister denied

8、that the president _ any information about the transfer and transaction of the nuclear weapons in North Korea.（分数：0.50）A.kept silent aboutB.was privy toC.was knowledgeable aboutD.had a stake in17._ there was not a soul around except some cars passing occasionally.（分数：0.50）A.Over nightB.At duskC.In t

9、he dead of nightD.Fortnight18.With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national _ park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is.（分数：0.50）A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing19.The career I have chosen _ opportunities yet it is fraught with heart

10、break, despair and hardship.（分数：0.50）A.is laden withB.is lack ofC.is burdened withD.is in want of20.Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to _ old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is.（分数：0.50）A.encounterB.convertC.challengeD.formulate21.In the process of development

11、we should _ heart that social life is based on exchange.（分数：0.50）A.take fromB.take toC.take forD.take in22.What makes basketball the most _ of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash.（分数：0.50）A.aspiringB.intriguingC.conspiringD.famous23.She is too shy to ask a stranger the time, _ speak

12、to a room of people.（分数：0.50）A.much lessB.much moreC.still moreD.more or less24.A balance used for weighing drugs or jewels must be a _ instrument, but this would be quite unsuitable for weighing coal, sand or blocks of stone.（分数：0.50）A.distinctionB.correctionC.precautionD.precision25.Motorcyclists

13、should wear helmets to _ them from injury.（分数：0.50）A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend26._ what has been said, it is unlike that population growth will be halted, either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.（分数：0.50）A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of27.This new bo

14、ok has received several reviews since its publication; but none of them have made a just _ of the book.（分数：0.50）A.calculationB.evaluationC.profitD.register28.The spy gave General Washington a _ report on enemy activities.（分数：0.50）A.confidentB.influentialC.confidentialD.substantial29.Henry“s news rep

15、ort covering the conference was so _ that nothing had been omitted.（分数：0.50）A.comprehensiveB.comprehensibleC.understandingD.understandable30.In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, _ schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.（分数：0.50）A.compellingB.forcedC.obligedD.compulsory二、Part Cloz

16、e(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making pay

17、ments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 suffi

18、cient control. 9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European conven

19、tion on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,“ he said. Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to

20、10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.（分数：10.00）A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such asA.tightenin

21、gB.intensifyingC.focusingD.fasteningA.sketchB.roughC.preliminaryD.draftA.illogicalB.illegalC.improbableD.improperA.publicityB.penaltyC.popularityD.peculiarityA.sinceB.ifC.beforeD.asA.sidedB.sharedC.compliedD.agreedA.presentB.offerC.manifestD.indicateA.ReleaseB.PublicationC.PrintingD.ExposureA.stormB

22、.rageC.flareD.flashA.translationB.interpretationC.exhibitionD.demonstrationA.better thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.sooner thanA.changesB.makesC.setsD.turnsA.bindingB.convincingC.restrainingD.sustainingA.authorizedB.creditedC.entitledD.qualifiedA.withB.toC.fromD.byA.impactB.incidentC.inferenceD.issue

23、A.statedB.remarkedC.saidD.toldA.whatB.whenC.whichD.thatA.assureB.confideC.ensureD.guarantee三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the govern

24、ment every time. It“s Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland“s laws against secret telephone taping. It“s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms. Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privac

25、y laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an example of what“s going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank

26、supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits. With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, vi

27、deogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer“ had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly de

28、ceived, the lawsuit claims. They, didn“t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no. The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Ban

29、corp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms. And banks will still be mining data from your

30、account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience“ inf

31、ormationmainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They“ve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn“t work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy

32、, but who enforces it? Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential“. Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesn“t “sell“ your data at all. It merely “shares“ it and reaps a pr

33、ofit. Now you know.（分数：7.50）(1).Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people“s privacy _.（分数：1.50）A.is practiced exclusively by the FBIB.is more prevalent in business circlesC.has been intensified with the help of the IRSD.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping(2).We k

34、now from the passage that _.（分数：1.50）A.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private informationB.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businessesC.legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protectionD.lawmakers are

35、inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire into customers“ buying habits(3).When the “free trial“ deadline is over, you“ll be charged without notice for a product or service if _.（分数：1.50）A.you happen to reveal your credit card numberB.you fail to cancel it within the specified periodC.yo

36、u fail to apply for extension of the deadlineD.you find the product or service unsatisfactory(4).Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because _.（分数：1.50）A.it is considered “transaction and experience“ information unprotected by lawB.it has always been con

37、sidered an open secret by the general publicC.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulationD.its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policy(5).We can infer from the passage that _.（分数：1.50）A.banks will have to change their ways of doing businessB.“fre

38、e trial“ practice will eventually be bannedC.privacy protection laws will soon be enforcedD.consumers“ privacy will continue to be invaded五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：2.50)Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul“ is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fac

39、t. During the first two months of a baby“s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face

40、is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where bab

41、ies are carried on their mother“s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one“s gaze during a conversatio

42、n in Japan is on the neck of one“s conversation partner“. The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye cont

43、act with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the pre

44、cise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow

45、becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.（分数：2.50）(1).The author is convinced that the eyes are _.（分数：0.50）A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas

46、B.something through which one can see a person“s inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate(2).Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _.（分数：0.50）A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whos

47、e face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering(3).According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner“s neck because _.（分数：0.50）A.they don“t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they need not communic

48、ate through eye contactC.they don“t think it polite to have eye contactD.they didn“t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood(4).According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to _.（分数：0.50）A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB

49、.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact(5).To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants _.（分数：0.50）A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：7.50)A few common misconceptions. B