【考研类试卷】中山大学英语语言学真题2008年及答案解析.doc

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1、中山大学英语语言学真题 2008年及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.writhe（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.sigh（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.cupboard（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.Confucian（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.allophone（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.parole（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.langue（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_8.wives（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.anesthesia（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.odor（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_11.Halli

2、day proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has 1, interpersonal and textual functions.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.There has been a maxim in 1 which claims that “You are what you say./（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.The theory of conversational implicature Was proposed by 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.Sy

3、stemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional grammar which takes sentence as the lar- gest unit, takes 1 as the basic unit.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15. 1 refers to a collection of Linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.In linguistics, 1

4、refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentences.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accept- ed as ways of structuring poems. Am

5、ong them, 1 consists of lines ha iambic pentameter which do not rhyme.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.Error is the grammatically incorrect form;

6、 1 appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.In research into the relation between structure and function, J. Firbas developed the notion of 1. This notion is based on the fact that linguistic communication is not a static phenome

7、non, but a dynamic one.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.In Hallidays Systemic Grammar, a system is a list of things between which it is possible to choose. So they are meanings, which the grammar can distinguish. The items in a system are called 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.The present system of the 1 derives mainly from

8、 one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881-1967), and his colleagues at University of London.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also

9、known as content words and grammatical ones 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the 1 theory.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.At what point is meaning extracted from the words in a text? The reader is supposed to carr

10、y out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered; this is known as the 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.metalanguage（分数：5.00）_27.distinctive features（分数：5.00）_28.blending（分数：5.00）_29.concord（分数：5.00）_30.propositional

11、logic（分数：5.00）_31.gender difference（分数：5.00）_32.performatives（分数：5.00）_33.CALL（分数：5.00）_34.validity（分数：5.00）_35.textual function（分数：5.00）_36.Linguistics is not the only field concerned with language. Other disciplines such as sociology, psychology, ethnography are also preoccupied with language.（分数：

12、10.00）_37.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language.（分数：10.00）_38.Language is a mirror of the mind in a deep and significant sense.（分数：10.00）_39.Why should we teach or learn linguistics?（分数：15.00）_40.What are the major types of language test?（分数：15.00）_41.W

13、hat is the main difference between literal language and figurative language?（分数：15.00）_中山大学英语语言学真题 2008年答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.writhe（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：2.sigh（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：3.cupboard（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：4.Confucian（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：5.allophone（分数：1.00）填空项

14、 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：6.parole（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：7.langue（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：8.wives（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：9.anesthesia（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：10.odor（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案： ）解析：11.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has 1, interpersonal and

15、 textual functions.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ideational）解析：解析 本题考查元功能理论中的意念功能。韩礼德提出了语言的元功能理论，既语言具备意念功能、人际功能与语篇功能。意念功能不仅建构了经验模式而且还建构了逻辑关系，人际功能规定了社会关系，语篇功能创造了与语境的相关关联(韩礼德，1994)。12.There has been a maxim in 1 which claims that “You are what you say./（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sociolinguistics）解析：解析 本题考查社会语言学领

16、域有这么一项准则。该准则声言：“人即其言”(Lakoff，1991)。依循此项声言，我们可以通过引入社会语境中被认为是影响语言行为的某些社会因素来拓宽观察的范围。13.The theory of conversational implicature Was proposed by 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Herbert Paul Grice）解析：解析 本题考查会话含义的提出人。会话含义理论是语用学中的主要理论之一，是牛津大学的一位哲学家赫伯特保罗格莱斯所提出的。14.Systemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional gr

17、ammar which takes sentence as the lar- gest unit, takes 1 as the basic unit.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：clause）解析：解析 本题考查系统功能语法的基础单位。系统功能语法不是像传统语法那样将句子视作最大单位，而是将分句看做基础单位。15. 1 refers to a collection of Linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.（分数：1.00）填空项

18、 1:_ （正确答案：Corpus）解析：解析 本题考查语料的概念。语料以书面语篇或录音言语描写所收集的语言数据的集合。语料的主要目的是去证实有关语言的一项假设如决定特定语音、单词的用法或句法结构是如何变异的。16.In linguistics, 1 refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentences.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确

19、答案：Syntax）解析：解析 本题考查句法学的概念。在语言中，句法就是研究一种语言中词语组合成句的规则的学问，或者简单地说，是研究句子生成的学问。17.At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accept- ed as ways of structuring poems. Among them, 1 consists of lines ha iambic pentameter which do not rhyme.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bla

20、nk verse）解析：解析 本题考查无韵诗的概念。无韵诗是由不押韵的抑扬格五音步诗组成的，这是在英国文学里非常普遍的。18.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：interlanguage）解析：解析 本题考查中介语。中介语就是介于目标语言和学习者的母语之间的一种语言系统。19.Error

21、 is the grammatically incorrect form; 1 appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：mistake）解析：解析 本题考查语用错误的相关概念。语用错误是指语法上正确但在特定的交际情境不得体的语言现象，语用错误一般发生在母语操持者的身上。20.In research into the relation between structure and function, J. F

22、irbas developed the notion of 1. This notion is based on the fact that linguistic communication is not a static phenomenon, but a dynamic one.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：(CD)Communicative Dynamism）解析：解析 本题考查交际性动力(CD)。在寻找结构和功能之间的关系的过程中，费尔巴斯逐渐形成了交际性动力的观点。这种观点的基础是，语言交际不是静态现象，而是动态现象。交际力意味着衡量句子中成分所负载的信息量有多大。2

23、1.In Hallidays Systemic Grammar, a system is a list of things between which it is possible to choose. So they are meanings, which the grammar can distinguish. The items in a system are called 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：options）解析：解析 本题考查系统功能语法中的选项。一个系统就是一个选择。所以它们是语法能够辨别的意义。系统中的项目被称为选项。22.The present s

24、ystem of the 1 derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881-1967), and his colleagues at University of London.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：IPA）解析：解析 本题考查现在的国际音标系统的提出人。现在的国际音标系统主要来自于英国语音学家丹尼尔琼斯和他在伦敦大学的同事在 20世纪 20年代创造的系统。23.As the lexical words carry the main

25、 content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：function words）解析：解析 本题考查功能词。词汇词承载了语言的主要内容，而语法词是用来把不同的片段连接在一起的，所以词汇词又叫做实义词，语法词又叫做功能词。24.The theory of meaning

26、which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the 1 theory.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：referential）解析：解析 本题考查所指理论。把词语意义和它所指或所代表的事物联系起来的理论叫做所指理论。25.At what point is meaning extracted from the words in a text? The reader is supposed to carry out the processes req

27、uired to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered; this is known as the 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：immediacy assumption）解析：解析 本题考查即时假定。读者应该每遇到一个单词就马上展开所需过程来理解该单词及它与句中之前单词的关系，这叫做即时假定。26.metalanguage（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Metalanguage refer

28、s to ceitain kinds of linguistic signs or ternqs for the analysis and description of particular studies)解析：解析 本题考查元语言的概念。简单地说，就是关于语言的语言(封宗信，2005)。元语言本身其实是就是一种语言，但这种语言很特殊，它被用来描述人类自然语言本身。因此，如果将语言视为客观存在的物体(语言中的文化内涵可视为特定语言的个别属性)，元语言便具有了双重属性：一方面它被语言学家用来进行对语言的描写；另一方面，元语言也是普通人指称和谈论语言的手段。27.distinctive feat

29、ures（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(In linguistics, a distinctive feature is the most basic unit of phonological structure that may be analyzed in phonological theory, i.e.a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another)解析：解析 本题考查区别特征的概念。区别特征是语音结构中的最小单位，也是将一个音素与另一个区分开来的最小单位。28.blending（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Blendi

30、ng is a relatiyely complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words)解析：解析 本题考查混成法的概念。混成法是一种相对复杂的混合形式，由两个单词混合而成，一般是把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者把两个单词的开头部分连接

31、起来。29.concord（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Concord, also known as agreement, is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories)解析：解析 本题考查一致关系的概念。一致关系，又称为协同关系，指两个或更多处于一定语法关系中的词，要在某些范畴上互相保持一致的形式。30.propositional logic（分数：5.00）

32、_正确答案：(Propositional logic, concerned with the semantic relation between propositions, treats a simple proposition as an unanalyzed whole)解析：解析 本题考查命题逻辑的概念。命题逻辑正如我们所见那样关注命题之间的语义联系，它把简单命题作为一个不可分析的整体来对待。31.gender difference（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(A difference in a speech between men and women is gender differ

33、ence)解析：解析 本题考查性别差异的概念。女性与男性在讲话方面的差异被称为性别差异。32.performatives（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Perfonnatives refer to utterances in the uttering of which, in appropriate circumstances, one performs an action)解析：解析 本题考查施为句的概念。施为句是用来实施某种行为的，说话本身就是在做一件事，因此无真假之别，只有是否合适之分。33.CALL（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Computer-assisted language l

34、earning(call), refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language)解析：解析 本题考查计算机辅助学习的概念。计算机辅助语言学习指的是将计算机运用到第二语言或外语的教学中去。34.validity（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Validity is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measureThere are four kinds of validity, i.e.

35、content validity,construct validity, empirical valiodity, and face validity)解析：解析 本题考查效度的概念。效度是指在何种程度上考查了它想要考查的内容。举例来说，如果考试者很熟悉考试的题目，那么测试的效度就降低了。共有四种效度：内容效度、编制效度、实证效度利卷面效度。35.textual function（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoke

36、n or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences)解析：解析 本题考查语篇功能的概念。语篇功能是指语言中存在着一种机制将口头或书面的话语组织成连贯统一的语篇，这种机制使实际的言语区别于一系列随意的句子。36.Linguistics is not the only field concerned with language. Other disciplines such as sociology, p

37、sychology, ethnography are also preoccupied with language.（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Linguistics is not the only field concerned with language. Other disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnography, the science of law and artificial intelligence etc. are also preoccupied with language. The interdiscipl

38、inary studies of language are also called macrolinguistics. They are sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics, mathematical linguistics and computational linguistics.1)Psych01inguisticsPsycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition. As for English teaching, psycholinguistic focus on how a child acquires first and second language.2)SociolinguisticsSociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of