【考研类试卷】中国科学院硕士英语-11及答案解析.doc

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1、中国科学院硕士英语-11 及答案解析(总分：37.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.He knew that the area“s rich plant life had been severely _ by the huge herds of cows grazing the land.（分数：0.50）A.depletedB.decomposedC.corruptedD.corroded2.Sometimes certain families adhered _ the same religious beliefs for

2、several generations.（分数：0.50）A.toB.forC.afterD.with3.In the final analysis, it is our _ of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.（分数：0.50）A.conceptionB.deceptionC.receptionD.presentation4.The author _ us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues.（分数：0.50）

3、A.dismissedB.agitatedC.struckD.seized5.His doctor has told him he mustn“t drink, but he still has the occasional brandy _.（分数：0.50）A.on the spotB.on the slyC.in natureD.in short6.In some African countries, the cost of treating an AIDS patient may _ his or her entire annual income.（分数：0.50）A.exploitB

4、.expelC.expireD.exceed7.Between 1981 and 1987, the number of permanent jobs had increased by only 1,000, although training has been substantially _ by the corporation.（分数：0.50）A.boostedB.curtailedC.plungedD.expended8.A friend is, _, a second self.（分数：0.50）A.as it isB.as it wereC.as well asD.as thoug

5、h9.It is a touching scene that every parent can immediately _ because they have gone through the same ritual with their own children.（分数：0.50）A.come throughB.identify withC.take upD.refer to10.In a market economy, it is impractical to _ big banks to reduce the qualification to provide financial supp

6、ort for small and medium-sized enterprises.（分数：0.50）A.take onB.bear onC.hold onD.count on11.Guarantees and warranties tell buyers the repairs for which a manufacturer is _.（分数：0.50）A.qualifiedB.agreeableC.compatibleD.liable12.In ancient mythology there were no impassable _ separating the divine from

7、 the human beings.（分数：0.50）A.polarityB.splitC.gulfD.void13.A solution must be found that doesn“t _ too many people in this group, otherwise it cannot work.（分数：0.50）A.arouseB.offendC.spurD.violate14.He leaned out of an upstairs window and felt a current of warm air _ from the street.（分数：0.50）A.exalti

8、ngB.ascendingC.swayingD.fluctuating15.The long wait for news of my exam results has already set my nerves _.（分数：0.50）A.on fireB.on edgeC.on earthD.on impulse16.The great tragedy of life is not that men _, but that they cease to love.（分数：0.50）A.terminateB.expireC.perishD.wither17.The current _ with e

9、xam results is actually harming children“s education.（分数：0.50）A.interventionB.manipulationC.obsessionD.domination18.The Federal Government _ farmers by buying their surplus crops at prices above the market value.（分数：0.50）A.piratesB.mediatesC.supplementsD.subsidizes19.The new system is similar to the

10、 old one _ there is still a strong central government.（分数：0.50）A.now thatB.so thatC.in case thatD.in that20.The oil spill had a _ effect on sea birds and other wildlife.（分数：0.50）A.reluctantB.mischievousC.devastatingD.malignant二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Parents who believe that playing video games i

11、s less harmful to their kids“ attention spans than watching TV may want to reconsider. Some researchers 1 more than 1,300 children in different grades for a year. They asked both the kids and their parents to estimate how many hours per week the kids spent watching TV and playing video games, and th

12、ey 2 the children“s attention spans by 3 their schoolteachers. 4 studies have examined the effect of TV or video games on attention problems, but not both. By looking at video-game use 5 TV watching, these scientists were able to show for the first time that the two activities have a similar relatio

13、nship 6 attention problems. Shawn Green, a psychologist at the University of Minnesota, points out that the study doesn“t distinguish between the type of 7 required to excel at a video game and that required to excel in school. “A child who is capable of playing a video game for hours 8 obviously do

14、es not have a 9 problem with paying attention,“ says Green. “ 10 are they able to pay attention to a game but not in school? What expectancies have the games set up that aren“t being delivered in a school 11 ?“ Modem TV shows are so exciting and fast paced that they make reading and schoolwork seem

15、12 by comparison, and the same may be true 13 video games, the study notes. “We weren“t able to break the games down by educational versus non-educational 14 nonviolent versus violent,“ says Swing, 15 that the impact that different types of games may have on attention is a ripe area for future resea

16、rch.（分数：15.00）A.followedB.trainedC.questionedD.challengedA.provokedB.speculatedC.formulatedD.assessedA.surveyingB.consideringC.persuadingD.guidingA.ContinuedB.PreviousC.LaterD.OngoingA.far fromB.except forC.as well asD.instead ofA.forB.toC.onD.ofA.competitionB.techniqueC.attentionD.strategyA.on endB

17、.at lengthC.now and thenD.in and outA.similarB.relevantC.seriousD.trickyA.WhatB.WhyC.WhenD.WhereA.settingB.sceneC.frameD.platformA.industriousB.limitedC.dullD.funnyA.onB.atC.inD.forA.orB.againstC.whileD.withA.addingB.addsC.addedD.having added三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：

18、12.00)Ever since the early days of modem computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computersroom-size behemothswere referred to as “giant brains“ or “electronic brains,“ in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved and became capable of some tasks fa

19、miliar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was “artificial intelligence“. DNA, it is said, is the original software. For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just thata simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. Engineering, not biology, guided the

20、pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, “airplanes don“t flap their wings.“ Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscience and computer science, and from t

21、he push of necessity. The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sightnot today or tomorrow, but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today“s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip“s circuitry can be used. These limits loom as de

22、mand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases. To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world“s energy supply, a different approach will be needed. And b

23、iology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. “Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing,“ said John E. Kelly, the director of research at I. B. M. Dr. Kelly points to Watson, the questionanswering computer that ca

24、n play “Jeopardy!“ and beat two human champions earlier this year. The I. B. M. “s clever machine consumes 85,000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. “Evolution figured this out,“ Dr. Kelly said. Several biologically inspired paths are being explored by computer scient

25、ists in universities and corporate laboratories worldwide. One project, a collaboration of computer scientists and neuroscientists begun three years ago, has been encouraging enough that in August it won a $21 million round of government financing. In recent months, the team has developed prototype

26、“neurosynaptic“ microprocessors, or chips that operate more like neurons and synapses than like conventional semiconductors.（分数：12.00）(1).Paragraph 1 mainly tells _.（分数：2.00）A.what the biological metaphor isB.how computers have improvedC.when modem computing beganD.why DNA is the original software(2

27、).Frederick Jelinek“s quotation implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.technology is created by humans rather than by GodB.airplanes differ from birds when using their wingsC.computers can hardly match human brainsD.biology can barely serve to explain computing(3).To meet growing demands computers need to be _.（

28、分数：2.00）A.more complex in circuitryB.smaller in chip sizeC.more energy efficientD.more heat-sensitive(4).The boldfaced word “frontiers“ (in Para. 5) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.computing problemsB.networking regulationsC.streaming restrictionsD.online shopping benefits(5).The human brain is superior to W

29、atson in _.（分数：2.00）A.question generationB.power consumptionC.event organizationD.speech recognition(6).In pushing the boundaries of computing, biology serves as a(n) _（分数：2.00）A.initiatorB.directorC.acceleratorD.contributor中国科学院硕士英语-11 答案解析(总分：37.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.He

30、 knew that the area“s rich plant life had been severely _ by the huge herds of cows grazing the land.（分数：0.50）A.depleted B.decomposedC.corruptedD.corroded解析：解析 A 项，“depleted”意为“耗尽的资源，使枯竭”；B 项，“decomposed”意为“分解，使腐烂、使腐败”；C 项，“corrupted”意为“腐蚀，使堕落”；D 项，“corroded”意为“腐蚀，侵蚀”，句意说的是植被资源因放牧被耗尽了，因此选择 A。2.Somet

31、imes certain families adhered _ the same religious beliefs for several generations.（分数：0.50）A.to B.forC.afterD.with解析：解析 本题中“adhere to”是固定搭配，意为“坚持”，句意是坚持相同的宗教信仰，因此选择 A。3.In the final analysis, it is our _ of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.（分数：0.50）A.concept

32、ion B.deceptionC.receptionD.presentation解析：解析 A 项，“conception”意为“思想，观念，想法”；B 项，“deception”意为“欺骗”；C项，“reception”意为“接待，迎接，欢迎”；D 项，“presentation”意为“赠送，呈现”，由句意可知，空格处应为“对待死亡的想法”，因此选择 A。4.The author _ us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues.（分数：0.50）A.dismissedB.agitatedC.struck D.seized解析：解

33、析 A 项，“dismissed”意为“把打发走，解散”；B 项，“agitated”意为“使激动，使狂躁不安”；C 项，“struck”意为“打中、击中，给印象、让觉得”；D 项，“seized”意为“抓住”，由句意可知，“作者让我们觉得”，因此选择 C。5.His doctor has told him he mustn“t drink, but he still has the occasional brandy _.（分数：0.50）A.on the spotB.on the sly C.in natureD.in short解析：解析 A 项，“on the spot”意为“在场，立

34、即、马上”；B 项，“on the sly”意为“诡秘地，偷偷地”；C 项，“in nature”意为“实际上，无论如何、根本”；D 项，“in short”意为“简言之”，由句意可知，“他仍偶尔偷偷地喝上几口白兰地”，因此选择 B。6.In some African countries, the cost of treating an AIDS patient may _ his or her entire annual income.（分数：0.50）A.exploitB.expelC.expireD.exceed 解析：解析 A 项，“exploit”意为“开发、开采、开拓，利用”；B

35、项，“expel”意为“驱逐，赶”；C项，“expire”意为“满期，届期”；D 项，“exceed”意为“超过，胜过”，由句意可知，“艾滋病患者的治疗费用有可能会超出他们一年的收入”，因此选择 D。7.Between 1981 and 1987, the number of permanent jobs had increased by only 1,000, although training has been substantially _ by the corporation.（分数：0.50）A.boosted B.curtailedC.plungedD.expended解析：解析

36、A 项，“boost”意为“促进，提高”；B 项，“curtail”意为“剪短，截短”；C 项，“plunge”意为“把投入，使突然陷入”；D 项，“expend”意为“花费，花销”，由句意可知，公司的培训项目得到了显著的提高，因此选择 A。8.A friend is, _, a second self.（分数：0.50）A.as it isB.as it were C.as well asD.as though解析：解析 A 项。“as it is”意为“实际上”；B 项，“as it were”意为“可以说，在某种程度上”；c 项，“as well as”意为“和一样(程度)，除之外(也)

37、，和”；D 项，“as though”意为“好像，仿佛”，由句意可知，“某种程度而言，朋友是另一个自我”，因此选择 B。9.It is a touching scene that every parent can immediately _ because they have gone through the same ritual with their own children.（分数：0.50）A.come throughB.identify with C.take upD.refer to解析：解析 A 项，“come through”意为“胜利，成功，安然度过”；B 项，“identi

38、fy with”意为“觉得与有联系”；C 项，“take up”意为“从事”；D 项，“refer to”意为“指的是”，由句意可知，“这一场景能够引起每一位家长的共鸣，因为他们与自己孩子一起经历了同样的仪式”，因此选择 B。10.In a market economy, it is impractical to _ big banks to reduce the qualification to provide financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.（分数：0.50）A.take onB.bear onC.hold

39、onD.count on 解析：解析 A 项，“take on”意为“穿上；采用，采纳”；B 项，“bear on”意为“压在上，使难以承受负荷”；C 项，“hold on”意为“抓牢，继续、坚持”；D 项，“count on”意为“依靠，指望”，由句意可知，空格处为“指望大银行降低资格”，因此选择 D。11.Guarantees and warranties tell buyers the repairs for which a manufacturer is _.（分数：0.50）A.qualifiedB.agreeableC.compatibleD.liable 解析：解析 A 项，“q

40、ualified”意为“合格的”；B 项，“agreeable”意为“令人愉快的，惬意的”；C项，“compatible”意为“合得来的，协调的”；D 项，“liable”意为“负有法律责任的”，由句意可知，空格处为“制造商有责任提供的维修服务”，因此选择 D。12.In ancient mythology there were no impassable _ separating the divine from the human beings.（分数：0.50）A.polarityB.splitC.gulf D.void解析：解析 A 项，“polarity”意为“极，(性质、特点等的)正

41、好相反，截然对立”；B 项，“split”意为“裂口，裂缝”；C 项，“gulf”意为“海湾，鸿沟”；D 项，“void”意为“空间；真空；空白”，由句意可知，“神和人之间并无不可逾越的鸿沟”，因此选择 C。13.A solution must be found that doesn“t _ too many people in this group, otherwise it cannot work.（分数：0.50）A.arouseB.offend C.spurD.violate解析：解析 A 项，“arouse”意为“使奋发，引起、唤起、激起”；B 项，“offend”意为“冒犯，得罪，

42、使生气”；C 项，“spur”意为“促进、激励”；D 项，“violate”意为“违反，违背，违犯”，由句意可知，“不能得罪太多人”，因此选择 B。14.He leaned out of an upstairs window and felt a current of warm air _ from the street.（分数：0.50）A.exaltingB.ascending C.swayingD.fluctuating解析：解析 A 项，“exalting”意为“使升高，高举，为及物动词”；B 项，“ascending”意为“上升，升高，是不及物动词”；C 项，“swaying”意为“

43、摇摆，摆动”；D 项，“fluctuating”意为“波动，起伏”，由句意可知，“一股温暖的空气从街道上升起”，因此选择 B。15.The long wait for news of my exam results has already set my nerves _.（分数：0.50）A.on fireB.on edge C.on earthD.on impulse解析：解析 A 项，“on fire”意为“起火，着火”；B 项，“on edge”意为“竖着、直立着，紧张不安、烦躁”；C 项，“on earth”意为“世界上，人世间”；D 项，“on impulse”意为“一时冲动，心血来

44、潮”，由句意可知，“漫长的等待已经让我心烦意乱”，因此选择 B。16.The great tragedy of life is not that men _, but that they cease to love.（分数：0.50）A.terminateB.expireC.perish D.wither解析：解析 A 项，“terminate”意为“停止，结束”；B 项，“expire”意为“满期，届期”；C 项，“perish”意为“丧生，凋谢”；D 项，“wither”意为“凋谢，枯萎”，由句意可知，“人生最大的悲剧不是死亡，而是不再去爱”，因此选择 C。17.The current _

45、 with exam results is actually harming children“s education.（分数：0.50）A.interventionB.manipulationC.obsession D.domination解析：解析 A 项，“intervention”意为“插入、介入，干涉”；B 项，“manipulation”意为“操作、使用，操纵、控制”；C 项，“obsession”意为“着迷，困扰”；D 项，“domination”意为“支配，统治”，由句意可知，空格处为“目前人们过于看重考试的结果”，因此选择 C。18.The Federal Governmen

46、t _ farmers by buying their surplus crops at prices above the market value.（分数：0.50）A.piratesB.mediatesC.supplementsD.subsidizes 解析：解析 A 项，“pirates”意为“以海盗方式劫掠，抢劫”；B 项，“mediates”意为“调解，调停”；C 项，“supplements”意为“增补，补充”；D 项，“subsidizes”意为“补助，资助”，句子表达的意思是政府购买农作物来补贴农民，因此选择 D。19.The new system is similar to

47、the old one _ there is still a strong central government.（分数：0.50）A.now thatB.so thatC.in case thatD.in that 解析：解析 A 项，“now that”意为“既然，由于”；B 项，“so that”意为“所以，因此”；C 项，“in case that”意为“假使，免得、以防、以防万一”，而 that常省略； D 项，“in that”意为“因为”，由句意可知，空格处为“因为其仍是一个强大的中央政府”，因此选择 D。20.The oil spill had a _ effect on se

48、a birds and other wildlife.（分数：0.50）A.reluctantB.mischievousC.devastating D.malignant解析：解析 A 项，“reluctant”意为“不情愿的，勉强的”；B 项，“mischievous”意为“恶作剧的，顽皮的”；C 项，“devastating”意为“破坏性极大的，毁灭性的”；D 项，“malignant”意为“恶毒的，恶性的”，由句意可知，“造成了灾难性的影响”，因此选择 C。二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Parents who believe that playing video games is less harmful to their kids“ attention spans than watching TV may want to reconsider. Some researchers 1 more than 1,300 children in different grades for a year. They asked both the kids and their parents to estimate how many hours per week the kids spent wa