【考研类试卷】中国科学院真题2012年3月及答案解析.doc

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1、中国科学院真题 2012年 3月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part VOCABULARY(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.I had to _ my desire to laugh while being scolded by my supervisor.A. repress B. depress C. compress D. distress（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.All living languages _, and English seems to change more readily than some others.A. evoke

2、 B. evacuate C. evolve D. evade（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.He has always been a source of inspiration to me and I hope that he will take it as a _ when I say that.A. compassion B. compliment C. complication D. supplement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.The current financial crisis _ a holistic, global approach to deal wit

3、h all issues.A. cries out for B. gets hold of C. boils down to D. goes in for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.If you see that the street is wet in the morning, you would _ that it must have rained during the night.A. reduce B. seduce C. deduce D. induce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.Even if she is responsible for the mistake

4、, she is not likely to _ it.A. own up to B. live up to C. hold on to D. get down to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The burst of growth and prosperity in America after 1945 had social consequences that were _ anywhere in the world.A. unprecedented B. unidentified C. unaccountable D. unremarkable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8

5、.Building the Birds Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an _ pattern of woven steel.A. intuitive B. intensive C. intrinsic D. intricate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.San Francisco was _ by a terrible earthquake and fire in 1906.A. deprived B. detained C. devastated D. deported（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

6、.10.Compared with his _, Putin adopted a more active, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy.A. ancestor B. predecessor C. forerunner D. pioneer（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.We are a peaceful community but we cannot _ and allow the people responsible to destroy the fabric of our society.A. start up B. start of

7、f C. stand by D. stick out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.Language may be _ of as a process which arises from social interaction.A. comprised B. conceived C. disposed D. deprived（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Older, less dogmatic theories better explained how the problems in the financial _ dragged down the rest of the ec

8、onomy.A. charter B. session C. chapel D. sector（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.These results should not be taken at face _careful analysis is required to assess their full implications.A. revenue B. expense C. price D. value（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.Researchers are looking for new ways to _ the problem.A. abridge B.

9、approach C. condense D. dispose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Many writing experts think that intonation is used to _ our feelings and attitudes; the same sentence can be said in different ways.A. convey B. convict C. conform D. conduct（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Medical students learn to distinguish “acute,“ which me

10、ans something of recent onset, from “chronic,“ which means a condition that will probably continue for a _ period of time.A. gloomy B. temporary C. tough D. substantial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.By analyzing the modern expansion of Western culture, this article concludes that it is of practical significanc

11、e to _ the dominant position of Chinese national culture.A. recall B. retort C. restore D. retard（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.There are few, if any, countries in the world in which sports _ national life to the degree that they do in the US.A. permeate B. overwhelm C. submerge D. immerse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.H

12、is violent behavior sometimes is _ his personality of shyness and self-consciousness.A. on condition of B. in line with C. at odds with D. in disguise of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part CLOZE TEST(总题数：1，分数：15.00)There have been five extinction waves in the planets historyincluding the Permian extinction 250

13、million years ago, (21) an estimated 70% of all land animals and 96% of all marine creatures vanished. The sample polling of animal populations so far suggests that we may have entered (22) will be the planets sixth great extinction wave.Forests razed can grow back, polluted air and water can be cle

14、anedbut (23) is forever. And were not talking about losing just a few species. In fact, conservationists quietly (24) that weve entered an age of triage (治疗类选法), when we might have to decide which species can truly be (25) . The worst-case scenarios of habitat (26) and climate changeand thats the pa

15、thway we seem to be (27) show the planet losing hundreds of thousands to millions of species, (28) of which we havent even discovered yet.So (29) you care about tigers and elephants, rhinos and orangutans, then you should be scared. But (30) shouldnt leave us paralyzed. In hot spots like Madagascar

16、and Brazil, conservationists are working with locals on the ground, (31) that the protection of endangered species is tied to the welfare of the people who live closest to them. A strategy known as avoided deforestation goes (32) , encouraging environmental protection (33) putting a price on the car

17、bon locked in rain forests and allowing countries to trade credits in an international market, (34) that the carbon stays in the forest and is not cut or burned. Its (35) that any of this will stop the sixth extinction wave, let alone preserve the biodiversity we still enjoy, but we have no choice b

18、ut to try.（分数：15.00）(1).A. when B. because C. there D. so（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. that B. what C. when D. which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. earth B. population C. evolution D. extinction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. commit B. acknowledge C. rebuke D. deny（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. sampled B. surveyed C. saved D. t

19、ested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. loss B. shift C. formation D. exclusion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. above B. on C. over D. off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. none B. any C. many D. all（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. that B. since C. if D. while（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. fear B. rumors C. species D. climate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1

20、1).A. ensure B. ensuring C. ensured D. having ensured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. tougher B. worse C. further D. closer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. about B. in C. for D. by（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. considering B. indicating C. supposed D. provided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. uncertain B. unaware C. unpleasant D.

21、 unsuitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Like so many things of value, truth is not always easy to come by. What we regard as true shapes our beliefs, attitudes, and actions. Yet we can believe things that have no basis in f

22、act. People are capable of embracing horrific precepts that seem incredible in retrospect. In Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler had millions of followers who accepted his delusions about racial superiority. As Voltaire put it long before Hitlers time, “Those who can make you believe absurdities can make yo

23、u commit atrocities. “We are surrounded by illusions, some created deliberately. They may be subtle or may affect us profoundly. Some illusions, such as films and novels, we seek out and appreciate. Others can make us miserable and even kill us. We need to know if particular foods that taste perfect

24、ly fine can hurt us in the short term (as with Salmonella contamination) or in the long term (cholesterol), whether a prevalent virus is so dangerous that we should avoid public places, and what problems a political candidate may cause or resolve if elected. Gaining insights about the truth often is

25、 a challenge, and misconceptions can be difficult to recognize.We often believe stories because they are the ones available. Most people would identify Thomas Edison as the inventor of the incandescent light bulb. Although Edison perfected a commercially successful design, he was preceded in the exp

26、erimentation by British inventors Frederick de Moleyns and Joseph Swan, and by American J. W. Starr.The biggest enemies of truth are: people whose job is to sell us incomplete versions of the available facts, our willingness to believe what we want and the simple absence of accurate information. Com

27、panies advertising products on television do not describe the advantages of their competitors products any more than a man asking a woman to marry him encourages her to date other men before making up her mind. It is a social reality that people encourage one another to make important decisions with

28、 limited facts.Technology has simplified and complicated the fact-gathering process. The Internet allows us to check facts more easily, but it also disburses misinformation. Similarly, a belief that videos and photos necessarily represent reality ignores how easily they can be digitally altered. Unq

29、uestioning reliance on such forms of media makes us more susceptible to manipulators: those who want to deceive can dazzle us with a modern version of smoke and mirrors.（分数：6.00）(1).According to Voltaire, _.A. Hitler was obsessed with violenceB. irrational ideas may be spread widelyC. irrational ide

30、as may lead to violenceD. Hitler was misled by racism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 2 show that _.A. truth is hard to get due to misconceptionsB. public health deserves much attentionC. political elections have profound impactD. illusions are helpful in gaining new insights（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By me

31、ntioning Thomas Edison, the author seems to emphasize that _.A. business successes may cover the truthB. commercial activities may involve cooperationC. irrational ideas may influence technological progressD. misconceptions may be due to lack of information（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Advertising and making

32、 a marriage proposal are similar in that both _.A. encourage fair competition B. give partial informationC. attack their enemies D. take advantage of peoples hesitation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The boldfaced word “disburses“ in Paragraph 5 probably means “_. “A. spreads B. disturbs C. falsifies D. correc

33、ts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The drawback brought by technology is that it makes people prone to _.A. be addicted B. be taken in C. show off D. decide hastily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)All art booms are different. The previous one ended in 1989, when Japanese buyers withdrew from the Imp

34、ressionist market. Interest rates rose in the slump that followed; there were plenty of sellers but no buyers. Today the reverse is true. Buyers are looking to diversify into alternative assets. The only problem is the sellers. There is plenty of money, but little to buy.It should follow, then, that

35、 buyers will snap up anything. But that is not quite the case, as the Old Master sales at Christies in London on December 8th showed only too well. In the recent sales the best pieces sold brilliantly, and the rest hardly at all. The best included a rare Raphael drawing, and an elegant self-portrait

36、 by Sir Anthony van Dyck. Many of the leading dealers were present, including Philip Mould, known as the BBCs “art detective;“ Alfred Bader, a rich American art-market broker; and the heirs to two important art-dealing businesses, William Noortman and Simon Green.Van Dycks oval shaped self-portrait,

37、 painted in 1640, the year before he died, had been in the same family for almost 300 years. Mr. Mould joined forces with Mr. Bader to try and win the painting. Young Mr. Noortman, the under bidder who was trying to buy the picture for stock, did not stand a chance. The winning bid was 7.4m, nearly

38、three times van Dycks previous auction record.The last lot in Christies sale was a black chalk drawing, less than a foot square, by Raphael, an early 16th-century Italian master. It is the study of a head for one of the Greek muses. Its beauty, rarity and the sense that the study may well have been

39、used by the artist himself when working on a larger painting drew collectors from far and wide.Christies had estimated the study would fetch 12m-16m. Bidding opened at 8.5m, with three buyers on the telephone. Jennifer Wright, Christies New York-based drawings specialist, made a final bid for the Ra

40、phael of if 26ma world record for a work on paper.After the sale, Christies international co-head, Richard Knight, was quick to point out that, at 68.4m, theirs had been the biggest Old Master sale ever. “This result shows what a very solid market this is,“ he said. But that took no account of the f

41、ailures, which were considerable. 15 of the 43 lots in Christies auction failed to sell at all.（分数：6.00）(1).Unlike 1989, today, the art market is characterized by an increase of _.A. sales B. prices C. buyers D. supplies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Christies sale showed that _.A. many of the paintings were

42、left on the shelfB. portraits were in greater demand than othersC. buyers all found their favorite piecesD. sellers worried little about selling their lots（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The self-portrait of Sir Anthony van Dyck was _.A. kept in one home for three centuriesB. once sold for about 2.5 million po

43、undsC. put up for auction for the first timeD. won by two American art dealers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Raphaels drawing at the sale was undoubtedly _.A. the portrait of the artist himself B. the part of a larger paintingC. the copy of a Greek sculpture D. the only one in the world（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Ac

44、cording to the passage, the 26m for the Raphael was most probably unexpected by _.A. Alfred Bader B. Jennifer WrightC. Richard Knight D. Simon Green（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).It can safely be concluded that the Old Master sale mentioned _.A. reflected a very solid marketB. had both wins and lossesC. turne

45、d out to be a total failureD. sold more works than any other auctions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)On the outside, Betsy Lueths school looks like any other in this arty neighborhood of Minneapolis: a sprawling, boxy red brick building with plain steel doors. Yet inside, the blond, f

46、riendly Minnesotan presides over an institution unique in the heartland: Yinghua Academy, a chartered public school where elementary students of every ethnicity study subjects ranging from math to American history in Mandarin.The idea behind Yinghua, as with many immersion programs, is to introduce

47、kids to the language and culture as early as possibleideally, before age 12, while theyre still absorbing information like sponges. Kindergartners and first-graders are taught exclusively in Mandarin, and a single period of English is introduced in the second grade. By the sixth grade, kids are lear

48、ning half in English and half in Mandarin, with the expectation of proficiency in both.The challenges at Yinghua are numerous. Most teachers come from Taiwan or mainland of China, and cultural misunderstandings prevail. Lueths instructors are learning to be tolerant of local norms like nontraditiona

49、l families and boys who cryas well as a lot more parental input than theyre used to. “In China, teachers are revered. They are not questioned,“ says Luyi Lien, Yinghuas Taiwan-born academic director. “In America, parents are more expressive of their opinions. “Yinghuas student body, once 70% Asian, is now 50% white, black or Hispanic. The school has more than tripled its enrollment, to 3