【考研类试卷】中国科学院真题2009年及答案解析.doc

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1、中国科学院真题 2009 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART VOCABULARY(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Drink coffee when youre sleepy; its a good _ and will help to keep you awake.A. incentive B. prompt C. stimulus D. appetite（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Nearly 1,000 people are presumed dead as chances _ of finding more survivors from

2、 the sunken Egyptian ferry.A. bubble B. dwindle C. sway D. shiver（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to _, viewing himself as a character in it.A. take up B. take on C. take off D. take over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.The

3、 market for non-food GE products could exceed the market for GE food products by a wide_within the next few years.A. variety B. margin C. range D. spectrum（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Newspapers and magazines carry extensive _ of diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers.A. sketch B. co

4、ncern C. coverage D. involvement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.That war robbed him of the_of his career, when he was the best player in the world.A. prejudice B. preference C. privilege D. prime（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.All sorts of technology have _ to make the new medical systems applied in rural areas efficient and

5、 effective.A. come into play B. come into conflictC. taken action D. taken place（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.If a guest wants to tip the housekeeping staff, its best to leave a little something in an envelope each night instead of a larger amount _ checkout.A. due to B. owingto C. prior to D. as to（分数：0.50）A.

6、B.C.D.9.The lawyer _his ideas loudly and clearly at the court, which surprised her a great deal.A. acclaimed B. admonished C. addressed D. asserted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.The world leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is _ before our eyes.A. taking shape B. taking effect C. taking apart

7、 D. taking over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Steve Ells has never_advice he couldnt ignore, conventional wisdom he couldnt disregard, a rule he couldnt break.A. come across B. come up to C. come up against D. come around（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.He writes in a very _ manner; therere many mistakes almost every page.

8、A. illegible B. illiterate C. irregular D. irreversible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.She could have cried, but she had no time to dwell _her disappointment, for suddenly a harsh voice hailed her from below.A. on B. at C. in D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14._inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking

9、 hardest at the worlds poorest, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on food.A. Sprouting B. Surging C. Spilling D. Spinning（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.She makes no _of their affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.A. concealment B.

10、compliment C. amendment D. acknowledgement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Marks posture and attitude _ boredom when the teacher was giving his instructions.A. transmitted B. delivered C. endowed D. implied（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.John occasionally _ a great deal of pleasure from taking long trips by himself.A. devia

11、ted B. aroused C. absorbed D. derived（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid _ to the worlds poor.A. commitments B. engagements C. responsibilities D. applications（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.Even at 87, Johns mother-in-law has _ her physical energy and youthful attitude.A. re

12、solved B. retained C. retarded D. restrained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, _ its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen.A. referring to B. except for C. regardless of D. owing to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、PART CLOZE TEST(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Attitudes of resp

13、ect, modesty and fair play can grow only out of slowly acquired skills that parents teach their children over many years through shared experience and memory. If a child reaches adulthood 21 recollections only of television, Little League and birthday parties, then that child has little to 22 when a

14、 true test of character comes up-say, in a (n) 23 business situation. “ 24 that child feels grounded in who he is and where he comes from, 25 else is an act,“ says etiquette expert Betty Jo Trakimas.The Dickmeyers of Carmel, Indiana, 26 every Friday night as “family night“ with their three children.

15、 Often the family plays board games or hide-and-seek. “My children love it,“ says Theresa, their mother.Can playing hide-and-seek really teach a child about manners? Yes, says Trakimas and 27 , because it tells the child that his parents 28 enough to spend time with him, he is loved and can learn to

16、 love others. “Manners arent about using the 29 fork,“ Trakimas adds, “Manners are about being kind-giving 30 , team-playing, making tiny sacrifices. Children learn that 31 their parents.While children dont 32 warm to the idea of learning to be polite, theres no reason for them to see manners as a b

17、unch of dreary 33 either. Theyre the building blocks of a childs education. “ 34 a rule becomes second nature, it frees us,“ Trakimas says. How well could Tiger Woods play golf if he had to keep 35 himself of the rules?（分数：15.00）(1).A. in B. with C. as D. to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. draw on B. learn f

18、rom C. refer to D. think of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. confusing B. catching C. irritating D. inviting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because B. When C. While D. Unless（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. receive B. reserve C. recognize D. recreate（分数：1.0

19、0）A.B.C.D.(7).A. the other one B. others C. another one D. all（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. care B. try C. strive D. wish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. favorite B. silver C. right D. clean（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. instructions B. compliments C. directions D. supports（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. on B. by C. with D. th

20、rough（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. automatically B. determinedly C. insistently D. willingly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. descriptions B. criticisms C. restrictions D. subjects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. Since B. Although C. Once D. Even（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. reminding B. refreshing C. remembering D. recalling

21、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Culture is transmitted largely by language and by the necessity for people in close contact to co-operate. The more extensive the communications network, the greater the exchange of ideas and be

22、liefs and the more alike people become-in toleration of diversity if nothing else. Members of a culture or a nation are generally in closer contact with one another than with members of other cultures or nations. They become more like each other and more unlike others. In this way, there develops “n

23、ational character“, which is the statistical tendency for a group of people to share values and follow similar behavior patterns.Frequently, the members of one culture will interpret the “national characteristics“ of another group in terms of their own values. For example, the inhabitants of a South

24、 Pacific island may be considered “lazy“ by citizens of some industrialized nations. On the other hand, it may be that the islanders place a great value on social relationships but little value on “productivity“, and crops grow with little attention. The negative connotation of the label “lazy“ is t

25、hus unjustified from the point of view of the island culture.Stereotypes, such as “lazy“, “inscrutable“, and “dishonest“ give people the security of labels with which to react to others in a superficial way, but they are damaging to real understanding among members of different cultures. People reac

26、t more to labels than to reality. A black American Peace Corps volunteer, for instance, is considered and called a white man by black Africans. The “we-they“ distinction applies to whatever characteristic the “wes“ have and the “theys“ do not have- and the characteristics attributed to the “theys“ a

27、re usually ones with a negative value.The distinction becomes most obvious in times of conflict. For this reason, it is often suggested the only thing that might join all men together on this planet would be an invasion from outer space. “We“, the earthlings, would then fight “them“, the outsiders.G

28、iven the great diversities- real and imagined- among people of the world, is there any foundation for hope that someday all men might join together to form a single and legitimate world government? The outcome will probably depend on the political evolution of mankind.（分数：6.00）(1).What makes people

29、more tolerant of diversity between different groups?A. Extensive communications. B. Language development.C. Close cooperation. D. Direct interactions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“National character“ is built among people who_A. like each other B. share their valuesC. speak the same language D. think in the

30、 same way（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).To some industrialized nations, the mentioned South Pacific islanders are_A. well-organized B. inefficient C. carefree D. idle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With stereotypes, people tend to_A. react to each other on a regular basis B. describe other cultures with labelsC. take th

31、eir own culture as the best of all D. see different cultures in different ways（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is true about the black American Peace Corps volunteer?A. He was wronged by his fellow African Americans.B. He was considered against by the whites.C. He was discriminated against by the whites.D.

32、 He was excluded from the black Africans.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).It is possible to form a single and legitimate world government only when_A. people of different nations hold similar political viewsB. human beings as a whole have one common enemyC. people are willing to abandon their “national characte

33、r“D. human beings are able to contact beings in outer space（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In Second Nature, Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist Gerald Edelman argues that the brain and mind are unified, but he has little patience with the claim that the brain is a computer. Fortunately

34、for the general reader, his explanations of brain function are accessible, reinforced by concrete examples and metaphors.Edelman suggests that thanks to the recent development of instruments capable of measuring brain structure within millimeters and brain activity within milliseconds, perceptions,

35、thoughts, memories, willed acts, and other mind matters traditionally considered private and impenetrable to scientific scrutiny now can be correlated with brain activity.The author describes three unifying insights that correlate mind matters with brain activity. First, even distant neurons will es

36、tablish meaningful connections (circuits) if their patterns are synchronized. Second, experience can either strengthen or weaken synapses (neuronal connections). Finally, there is reentry, the continued signaling from one brain region to another and back again along massively parallel nerve fibers.E

37、delman concedes that neurological explanations for consciousness and other aspects of mind are not currently available, but he is confident that they will be soon. Meanwhile, he is comfortably hazarding a guess: “All of our mental life, is based on the structure and dynamics of our brain,“ Despite t

38、his optimism about the explanatory powers of neuroscience, Edelman acknowledges the pitfalls in attempting to explain all aspects of the mind in neurological terms. Indeed, culture-not biology-is the primary determinant of the brains evolution, and has been since the emergence of language, he notes.

39、However, I was surprised to learn that he considers Sigmund Freud “the key expositor of the effects of unconscious processes on behavior“. Such a comment ignores how slightly Freuds conception of the unconscious, with its emphasis on sexuality and aggression, resembles the cognitive unconscious stud

40、ied by neuroscientists.Still, Second Nature is well worth reading. It serves as a bridge between the traditionally separate camps of “hard“ science and the humanities. Readers without at least some familiarity with brain science will likely find the going difficult at certain points. Nonetheless, Ed

41、elman has achieved his goal of producing a provocative exploration of“how we come to know the world and ourselves“.（分数：6.00）(1).Gerald Edelman would probably support the idea that_A. the brain co-functions with the mind B. the brain works like a computerC. the brain has an accessible function D. the

42、 brain sends signals to the mind（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It was previously considered that perceptions and other mind matters could hardly be_A. treated as a significant issue B. studied with scientific methodsC. separated from brain activity D. handled with surgical instruments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Edel

43、man firmly believes that_A. mind matters will eventually be explained from a neurological perspectiveB. experience will have an ill effect on neuronal connectionsC. distant neurons will help synchronize their firing patternD. brain signals will repeatedly go from one brain region to another（分数：1.00）

44、A.B.C.D.(4).According to Edelman, to provide a thorough explanation of the human mind, neuroscience will be_A. reliable B. responsible C. impractical D. insufficient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author disagrees with the idea that the neuroscience-based cognitive unconscious can be_A. studied irrelevantl

45、y to sexual behavior B. affected by the language acquisitionC. clearly explained by Freuds theory D. examined under cultural backgrounds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).According to the author, Second Nature is a good book because_A. it appeals to the reader to study bioscienceB. it sets reader probing into hum

46、an cognitionC. it interests the reader in spiritual activitiesD. it presents the advancement of natural science（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)If gender conflicts continue at their current rate, my partner gloomily observed, men may fade into extinction and women will manage fine with

47、out them. What with test-tube babies, cloning, a falling birth-rate, and have-it-all career women prevailing like never before, it seems as if old-fashioned, instinct-driven sexual selection was totally out of fashion. But a study from four British universities suggests it is alive and well, and bus

48、y shaping the next generation.In spite of emancipation, the feminist movement, gender equality, and consistent efforts to avoid gender-stereotyping, men still prefer to marry women who are not too brainy. In the study a high IQ hampered a womans chance of getting married, with a 40 percent drop in m

49、arital prospects for every 16-point rise. The opposite was true for their male class-mates. Top-earning men were 8 per cent more likely to be married than their low-earning peers.How interesting that we automatically assume that men are put off by cleverness in women. Perhaps the brainy women did not wan to get married. Possibly they could not find men clever enough to satisfy them. But these interpretations hardl