【考研类试卷】中国科学院真题2005年及答案解析.doc

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1、中国科学院真题 2005 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _ to protect the dolphins.（分数：0.50）A.reservationB.rescueC.reserveD.refugee2.Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in th

2、e hope that this will _ the memory of the passers-by.（分数：0.50）A.keepB.easeC.jogD.enhance3.Diamonds have little _ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.（分数：0.50）A.intricateB.intactC.intriguingD.intrinsic4.At the moment she is _ the netball match between the Japanese team and

3、 the Cuban team over at the playing field.（分数：0.50）A.arbitratingB.interveningC.refereeingD.deciding5.Any time _, any period of waiting is because you havent come and received the message.（分数：0.50）A.errorB.cutC.lackD.lag6.James Joyce was _ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.（分数：0.50）A.saluted

4、B.estimatedC.scaledD.measured7.As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted morals, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question _ asserting, advocating or bearing witness.（分数：0.50）A.rather thanB.other thanC.together withD.as well as8.Scientists

5、 hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comets surface in order to reveal the core and give some _ to the origin of the solar system.（分数：0.50）A.sourcesB.interpretationsC.cluesD.observations9.The Japanese Prime Ministers _ is a seat on the U N Security Council, for which he will be lob

6、bying at the summit.（分数：0.50）A.precedenceB.promiseC.priorityD.procedure10.This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was _ 12 percent.（分数：0.50）A.in case ofB.in view ofC.in face ofD.in excess of11.How well a person _ depends just as much on whether theyre self-conf

7、ident as it does on particular skills and expertise.（分数：0.50）A.jumps outB.turns outC.covers upD.turns up12.The skin of the forest keeper _ exposure to the harsh northwest weather.（分数：0.50）A.is tanned fromB.is colored fromC.is tainted byD.is encoded by13.The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _ body a

8、nd acts independently from all other institutions.（分数：0.50）A.indifferentB.imperativeC.impartialD.incoherent14.Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _ to carrying out the plan.（分数：0.50）A.committedB.obligedC.engagedD.resolved15.The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _.（分数：0.50）A.stru

9、ck outB.left outC.ruled outD.counted out16.Hotels and restaurants are an _ part of the city; without them the citys tourist industry can not exist.（分数：0.50）A.insignificantB.integralC.interiorD.inevitable17.I reject any religious doctrine that does not _ to reason and is in conflict with morality.（分数

10、：0.50）A.applyB.appealC.attractD.attend18.There are three bodies of writing that come to _ this question and we will consider each in turn.（分数：0.50）A.bear onB.sort outC.figure outD.put on19.Success does not _ in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time.（分数：0.50）A.compriseB

11、.conveyC.consistD.conform20.Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to _ the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers.（分数：0.50）A.live up toB.mark downC.size upD.play down二、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen

12、 or something has already happened that needU (21) /U. A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us fromU (22) /Uour own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n)U (23) /U: If a fire broke out in someones homeU (24) /Ufaulty wiring, he would not be content withU (25) /Uputting out the fire

13、. U(26) /U, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent aU (27) /U.Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a

14、situation. A person withU (28) /Uself-esteem may react to feelings of guilt, one of two ways: U(29) /Uthat he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as aU (30) /Uthat he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has aU (31) /Uwith Mr

15、. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was theU (32) /Uof Mr. Ys misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and isU (33) /Uof pathological guilt.Whe

16、n people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision mayU (34) /Uunfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with g

17、ood intent, then the person remains morally rightU (35) /Uhaving made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.（分数：15.00）A.connectionB.correctionC.recoveryD.repetitionA.underestimatingB.displayingC.violatingD.deterioratingA.hypothesisB.definitionC.experimentD.analogyA.due toB.but forC.withD.underA

18、.devotedlyB.primarilyC.timelyD.merelyA.ThereforeB.RatherC.AnywayD.Consequently.A.distressB.renewalC.conflictD.recurrenceA.lowB.exaltedC.sincereD.muchA.ImplyB.AdmitC.DenyD.ArgueA.prescriptionB.communicationC.confirmationD.perceptionA.contactB.disagreementC.relationshipD.concernA.causeB.originC.cureD.

19、witnessA.recordB.proofC.evidenceD.descriptionA.attach toB.turn toC.load toD.take toA.atB.inC.asD.for三、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BPassage One/BJeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the worlds most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nation

20、ality. From their origins as pure workwear, they have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.In the mid 1940s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwea

21、r, gained a new status in the U. S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported by both men and women, by returning GIs and sharp teenagers, they seemed as clean and strong as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levis were left behind by Amer

22、ican armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European populations first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U. S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.In the 1950s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in musi

23、c and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rocknroll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social morals. When Elvis Presley sang in “Jailhouse Rock“, his denim prison uniform carried a potent,

24、virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like “The Wild One“ and “Rebel Without a Cause“ cult figures Marion Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels,

25、 embraced it.By the beginning of the 1960s, slim jeans had become a leisure wear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned (包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid 1960s jeans had

26、acquired yet another social connotationas the uniform of the budding social and sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations off the streets of Pa

27、ris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.（分数：5.00）(1).Jeans were first designed for _.（分数：1.00）A.soldiersB.workmenC.teenagersD.cowboys(2).In the mid 1940s, jeans gained popularity because _.（分数：1.00）A.they made the wearer look clean and toughB.they were c

28、omfortable and looked friendlyC.they were the outward symbol of the mainstream societyD.they stood for freedom and a strong character(3).What does the “real thing“ refer to in the second paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Authentic Levis.B.Workwear.C.Casual wear.D.Jeans of European style.(4).The popularity of Elv

29、is Presleys way of dressing illustrates that _.（分数：1.00）A.teenagers wanted to look sexyB.people desired to look strong and manlyC.jeans went well with rockn rollD.Americans were more rebellious than Europeans(5).The last sentence suggests that jeans were _.（分数：1.00）A.used for military purposesB.the

30、symbol of the ideal of social equalityC.Worn by all kinds of peopleD.the outfit of social improvementBPassage Two/BThe ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases. Researchers now suggest that

31、intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 pe

32、rcent of the worlds Jewish population.Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27

33、percent of U. S. Nobel science prize winners.But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including TaySachs, Gauchers, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in

34、the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.Historians suggest that

35、 Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in over hundreds areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jew

36、ish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentle countrymen.But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs. Being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence, researchers argue that highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible f

37、or these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance. While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a persons IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the G

38、ancher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.Modem-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he w

39、ould expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are _.（分数：1.00）A.more intelligent than other JewsB.more likely to be sick than other JewsC.endowed with natural ability because of gen

40、etic diseasesD.more likely to be born with genetic diseases(2).According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in _.（分数：1.00）A.the whole Europe and Eastern AsiaB.Eastern Europe and a few other European countriesC.Eastern Europe and a few Asian countriesD.Eastern Europe and Germ

41、any(3).Tay-Sachs, Ganchers and Niemann-Pick are _.（分数：1.00）A.diseases caused by absence of an enzymeB.life-threatening genetic diseasesC.diseases that make people more intelligentD.the same disease with different terms(4).The “lucrative job“ may most probably be a job which is _.（分数：1.00）A.profitabl

42、eB.unsteadyC.challengingD.permanent(5).The underlined sentence in Para. 7 roughly means that the researchers believe that _.（分数：1.00）A.mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazims intelligenceB.mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazims intelligenceC.the Ashkenazims high intelligence

43、is caused by the mutated genesD.the Ashkenazims illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance(6).From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future _.（分数：1.00）A.Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthierB.there would be more outstanding Ashkenazim intellectualsC.Ashkenazim wou

44、ld be more intelligent and less healthyD.the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeplyBPassage Three/BSometimes its just hard to choose. Youre in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fing

45、ernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 bare

46、ly differentiated varieties of stuffbe they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our governments philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make

47、 us happy. In my experience, they do anything but.Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and arent confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who dont have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average

48、life expectancy is below 40 and they dont have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes.Choice wasnt supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isnt: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Bar