【考研类试卷】中国科学院真题2004年及答案解析.doc

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1、中国科学院真题 2004 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.A knowledge of history _ us to deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.（分数：1.00）A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies2.In assessing the impact of the loss of a parent through death and divorce

2、 it was the distortion of family relationships not the of the bond with the parent in divorce that was vital.（分数：1.00）A.dispositionB.distinctionC.distributionD.disruption3.Finally, lets _ a critical issue in any honest exploration of our attitudes towards old people, namely the value which our socie

3、ty ascribes to them.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.turn toC.lead toD.take to4.Smuggling is a _ activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned.（分数：1.00）A.pertinentB.fruitfulC.detrimentalD.casual5.The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under _ of la

4、w.（分数：1.00）A.guidelineB.definitionC.constraintD.identity6.The food was divided _ according to the age and size of the child.（分数：1.00）A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally7.Horseback riding _ both the skill of handling a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.（分数：1.00）A.embrac

5、esB.encouragesC.exaggeratesD.elaborates8.Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, _ their cleanness, toughness and low cost.（分数：1.00）A.by virtue ofB.in addition toC.for the sake ofD.as opposed to9.He cannot _ the fact that he was late again for the conference at the university yesterd

6、ay.（分数：1.00）A.contribute toB.account forC.identify withD.leave out10.Please do not be _ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.（分数：1.00）A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.irritatedD.shocked11.For nearly 50 years, Speck has been a _ author, writing 13 books including an autobiograph

7、y and numerous magazine articles.（分数：1.00）A.prevalentB.precautiousC.prospectiveD.prolific12.Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not _ the test of international competition.（分数：1.00）A.keep up withB.stand up toC.comply withD.attend to13.The business

8、 was forced to close down for a period but was _ revived.（分数：1.00）A.successivelyB.subsequentlyC.predominantlyD.preliminarily14.The book might well have _ had it been less expensive.（分数：1.00）A.worked outB.gone throughC.caught onD.fitted in15.We had been taken over by another firm, and a management _

9、was under way.（分数：1.00）A.cleanupB.setupC.breakoutD.takeout16.The poor quality of sound of the film mined the _ perfect product.（分数：1.00）A.ratherB.muchC.otherwiseD.particularly17.Ill have to _ this dress a bit before the wedding next week.（分数：1.00）A.let offB.let goC.let looseD.let out18.They reached

10、a (n) _ to keep their dispute out of the mass media.（分数：1.00）A.understandingB.acknowledgementC.concessionD.surrender19.After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have _ about our map.（分数：1.00）A.troublesB.fearsC.limitationsD.misgivings20.If you dont want to talk to him, Ill spea

11、k to him _.（分数：1.00）A.on your accountB.on your behalfC.for your partD.in your interest二、BPart Cloze Te(总题数：1，分数：15.00)BDirections:/B There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in t

12、he passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things may be called the symbolic process.Every

13、where we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There areU (21) /Uthings men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value.Almost all fashionable clothes areU (22) /Usymbolic, so is food. WeU (23) /Uour furniture to serveU (24) /Uvisible symbols of our taste, wealt

14、h, and social position. We often choose our housesU (25) /Uthe basis of a feeling that it “looks well“ to have a “good address“. We trade perfectly good cars in forU (26) /Umodels not always to get better transportation, but to giveU (27) /Uto the community that we canU (28) /Uit.Such complicated an

15、d apparentlyU (29) /Ubehavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why cant human beingsU (30) /Usimply and naturally?“ Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relativeU (31) /Uof such lives as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexit

16、y possible is noU (32) /Ufor wanting toU (33) /Uto a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic processU (34) /Uinstead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, itsU (35) /U.（分数：15.00）A.manyB.someC.fewD.enoughA.highlyB.nearlyC.merelyD.likelyA.makeB.getC.pos

17、sessD.selectA.ofB.forC.asD.withA.onB.toC.atD.forA.earlierB.laterC.formerD.latterA.suggestionB.surpriseC.explanationD.evidenceA.useB.affordC.rideD.findA.uselessB.impossibleC.inappropriateD.unnecessaryA.liveB.workC.stayD.behaveA.passivityB.activityC.simplicityD.complexityA.meaningB.reasonC.timeD.doubt

18、A.leadB.devoteC.proceedD.returnA.so thatB.in thatC.considering thatD.by reason thatA.teachersB.studentsC.mastersD.servants三、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BDirections:/B Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed

19、by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The Solar Decathlon is un

20、der way, and teams of students from 14 colleges and universities are building solar-powered homes on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. in an effort to promote this alternative energy source. This week judges in this Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored event will evaluate these homes and declar

21、e one the winner. Unfortunately, for the participants, it rained on the Sept 26th opening ceremonies, and the skies over the Washington have remained mostly overcast since. However, the conditions may have made for a more revealing demonstration of solar energy than was originally planned.Although t

22、he Solar Decathlons purpose is to advertise the benefits of electricity-generating solar panels and other residential solar gadgets, the bad weather has made it hard to ignore the limitations. As fate so amply demonstrated, not every day is a sunny day, and indeed DOEs “Solar Village on the National

23、 Mall“ has received very little of what it needs to run.Since solar is not an always available energy source, even a community consisting entirely of solar homes and businesses would still need to be connected to a constantly-running power plant (most likely natural gas or coal fired) to provide rel

24、iable electricity. For this reason, the fossil fuel savings and environmental benefits of solar are considerably smaller than many proponents suggest.Washington, D. C. gets its share of sunny days as well, but even so, solar equipment provides only a modest amount of energy in relation to its cost.

25、In fact, a $ 5, 000 rooftop photovoltaic system typically generates no more than $100 of electricity per year, providing a rate of return comparable to a passbook savings account.Nor do the costs end when the system is installed, lake anything exposed to the elements, solar equipment is subject to w

26、ear and storm damage, and may need ongoing maintenance and repairs. In addition, the materials that turn sunlight into electricity degrade over time. Thus, solar panels will eventually need to be replaced, most likely before the investment has fully paid itself off in the form of reduced utility bil

27、ls.Solar energy has always had its share of true believers willing to pay extra to feel good about their homes and themselves. But for homeowners who view it as an investment, it is not a good one. The economic realities are rarely acknowledged by the government officials and solar equipment manufac

28、turers involved in the Solar Decathlon and similarly one-sided promotions. By failing to be objective, the pro-solar crowd does consumers a real disservice.（分数：6.00）(1).The Solar Decathlon is most probably the name of a _.（分数：1.00）A.technologyB.contestC.strategyD.machine(2).What does the author say

29、about the weather?（分数：1.00）A.It is rare for Washington, D. C. to have such long rainy days.B.It has been raining since Sept 26th for the most of the time.C.It is favorable to the manufacturers to promote solar equipment.D.It has helped see the disadvantages of solar energy.(3).What has happened to D

30、OEs “Solar Village on the National Mall“?（分数：1.00）A.It has revealed a mechanical problem.B.It lacks the energy for operation.C.It needs substantial financial support.D.It has drawn criticism from the government.(4).The environmental benefits of solar power are small because _.（分数：1.00）A.solar power

31、plants can hardly avoid polluting their surroundingsB.most people prefer the relatively simple use of fossil fuelC.the users of solar energy still cannot go without fossil fuelD.only several communities entirely consist of solar energy homes(5).It can be inferred that “a passbook savings account“ _.

32、（分数：1.00）A.brings little interestB.brings much interestC.is a deposit of at least $ 100D.is a deposit of at least $ 5000(6).It can be inferred that in promoting solar energy the US government _.（分数：1.00）A.admits its limitation of being expensiveB.rarely mentions its cost to homeownersC.stands on the

33、 side of the majority of consumersD.remains more objective than the solar equipment manufacturersPassage 2Every year, the American Lung Association (ALA) releases its annual report card on smog, and every year it gives an “F“ to over half the nations counties and cities. When ALAs “State of the Air

34、2002“ recently came out, dozens of credulous local journalists once again took the bait, ominously reporting that their corner of the nation received a failing grade. The national coverage was no better, repeating as fact ALAs statement that it is “gravely concerned“ about air quality, and neglectin

35、g to solicit the views of even one scientist with a differing view. Too bad, because this report card says a lot less about actual air quality than it does about the tactics and motives of the ALA.The very fact that 60 percent of counties were given an F seems to be alarmist. This is particularly tr

36、ue given that smog levels have been trending downward for several decades. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) statistics, ozone, the primary constituent of smog, has declined by approximately 30 percent since the 1970s. And recent gains indicate that the progress will likely cont

37、inue, even without the wave of new regulations ALA is now demanding.ALA is correct that some areas still occasionally exceed the federal standard for ozone, but such spikes are far less frequent than in the past. Even Los Angeles, the undisputed smog capital of America, has cleaned up its act consid

38、erably. Los Angeles, which exceeded federal smog standards for 154 days in 1989, has had 75 percent fewer such spikes in recent years. But an ALA-assigned “F“ misleadingly implies that air quality has not improved at all.Most of the nation is currently in attainment with the current smog standard, a

39、nd much of the rest is getting close. Nonetheless, ALA chose to assign an “F“ to an entire county based on just a few readings above a strict new EPA standard enacted in 1997 but not yet in force. In effect, ALA demanded a standard even more stringent than the federal governments, which allows some

40、leeway for a few anomalously high readings in otherwise clean areas. ALA further exaggerated the public-health hazard by grossly overstating the risks of these relatively minor and sporadic increases above the standard.（分数：6.00）(1).The medias response to ALAs “State of the Air 2002“ can best be desc

41、ribed as _.（分数：1.00）A.trustingB.suspiciousC.criticalD.hesitant(2).By citing figures from the EPA, the author seems to contend that _.（分数：1.00）A.the regulations about smog have proved effectiveB.new regulations are necessary to deal with smogC.smog problems have actually become less seriousD.the fede

42、ral smog standard has been rather low(3).In Paragraph 3, the word “spikes“ (in boldface) probably refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.the increases above the smog standardB.the irregular readings about air quality in some areasC.the occurrences of smog in Los AngelesD.the current standards demanded by ALA(4).The

43、 author draws on Los Angeles to prove that the ALA _.（分数：1.00）A.is right to assign an “F“ to that areaB.often bases its report on the past eventsC.has a good reason to stress smog risksD.has overstated smog problems(5).The author agrees with the ALA that _.（分数：1.00）A.present smog standards should be

44、 made stricterB.the standard established by the EPA is effectiveC.some areas fail to meet the federal standard at timesD.poor air quality is a major problem nationwide(6).One of the problems with the ALA seems to be _.（分数：1.00）A.its lack of opinions from expertsB.its focus on some irregular casesC.i

45、ts attempt to make up the dataD.its inconsistent smog standardsPassage 3It was (and is) common to think that other animals are ruled by “instinct“ whereas humans lost their instincts and ruled by “reason,“ and that this is why we are so much more flexibly intelligent than other animals. William Jame

46、s, in his book Principles of Psychology, took the opposite view. He argued that human behavior is more flexibly intelligent than that of other animals because we have more instincts than they do, not fewer. We tend to be Mind to the existence of these instincts, however, precisely because they work

47、so well-because they process information so effortlessly and automatically. They structure our thought so powerfully, he argued, that it can be difficult to imagine how things could be otherwise. As a result, we take “normal“ behavior for granted. We do not realize that “normal“ behavior needs to be

48、 explained at all. This “instinct blindness“ makes the study of psychology difficult. To get past this problem, James suggested that we try to make the “natural seem strange.“ It takes a mind debauched by learning to carry the process of making the natural seem strange, so far as to ask for the why of any instinctive human act.In our view, William James was right about evolutionary psychology. Making the natural seem strange is unnatural - it requires the twisted outlook seen, for example, in Gary Larson cartoons Yet it is a central part of the enterprise. Many psychologists av